Detection of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes in HIV patients:Involvement in CD4^+ T lymphocyte count depletion

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes amongst grades of CD4 T lymphocyte counts in HIV sero positive and seronegative participants.Methods:Polyethelene glycol(PEG-600) and buffering methods of precipitation and dissociation of immune complexes was used to generate immune solution from sera of 100 HIV sero-positive and 100 HIV sero-negative participants.These were categorized into 3 grades based on CD4 count:】 500 cell/mm,200-499 cell/mm3 and 【200 cell/mm3.The immune solutions were assayed using membrane based immunoassay and antibody titration, along side its unprocessed serum for detection of various microbial antigens and or antibodies. CD4 T cell counts were estimated using Patec Cyflow SL-3 Germany.Results:Antigenic component of immune complexes of various infectious agents was detected in 99 and 70 HIV seropositive and HIV sero-negative participants,respectively.In group A,there were 10 HIV positive participants,including 4(40.0%) had circulating immune complexes(CICs) due to Salmonella species only:1(10.0%) due to Salmonella-Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum),SalmonellaP. falciparum-HCV and P.falciparum antigens,respectively.In group B,45(45.4%) HIV seropositive participants with CICs had CD4 T lymphocyte count between 200-499 cells/mm^3.Out of these,20(44.4%) had CICs due to Salmonella species only:9(20%) due to Salmonella-P. falciparum.In group C,there were 44(44.4%) HIV sero-positive participants,including 3(6.8%) due to Salmonella species only:24(54.4%) due to Salmonella-P.falciparum:2(4.5%) due to P. falciparum only.Conclusions:In HIV sero-positive participants,presence of heterogeneity of Salmonella species-P.falciparum antigens was highly incriminated in CD4 count depletion but not homogeneity of malaria parasites antigens.Malaria parasites antigens only were incriminated in CD4^+ count depletion amongst HIV sero-negative participants.Before taking any decision on the management of HIV-1-positive individuals,their malaria and Salmonella paratyphi status should be assessed,but not malaria status alone.

Association between the level of CD4^+T lymphocyte microRNA-155 and coronary artery disease in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Objective To study the association between the expression of microRNA-155(miRNA-155)in peripheral blood CD4^+T lymphocytes and the level of semrn interferon-7(IFN-7)concentration and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods After coronary angiography,252patients with suspected unstable angina pectoris (UAP)were divided into the UAP group (128patients with CAD confirmed by angiography)and the control group (124patients without CAD confirmed by angiography).Fresh peripheral blood was extracted 16-24h before coronary angiography,CD4^+T lymphocytes was tested using immunomagnetic beads,the expression ofmiRNA-155was tested using quantitative PCR and the expression of IFN-7was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).According to the results of angiography,Gensini score of coronary artery lesions was analyzed.Furthermore,we also analysis the association between the level of miRNA-155in peripheral blood CD4^+T lymphocytes,the level of serum IFN-γand Gensini score of coronary lesion.Results The levels ofmiRNA-155(0.49±0.08vs.0.23±0.09)and IFN-7(227.58±26.01vs.141.23±17.89)in the UAP group were significantly higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant.The level of miRNA-155and IFN-γwere positively correlated with Gensini score of CAD (r =0.534,r =0.713,respectively,all P <0.05).The level of miRNA-155was positively correlated with the level of IFN-γ,(r =0.686,P <0.05).Conclusions The level of miRNA-155in peripheral blood CD4^+T lymphocytes and the level of IFN-γ are closely correlated with the severity of CAD.

Effects of TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy on Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective:To study the effects of TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy on Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods: A total of 100 patients with DTC in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=50) and the treatment group (n=50) randomly. The control group was treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, the treatment group was treated with levothyroxine sodium oral therapy, the two groups were treated for 1 week. The serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R and peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:There were no significant differences of the serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R of the two groups before treatment. The serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group. There were no significantly differences of the peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ of the two groups before treatment. The peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment, the peripheral blood CD8+ of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment, and that of the treatment group after treatment were significantly better than the control group.Conclusion:TSH inhibition after total thyroidectomy for patients with DTC can reduce the serum Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, sIL-2R levels, improve the cellular immunity function, and it was worthy clinical application.

CD4 T-Lymphocytes Count in HIV-<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Co-Infected Pregnant Women Undergoing a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasite responsible of toxoplasmosis, a disease often asymptomatic but with serious consequences in pregnant women and immunocompromised subjects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of T. gondii infection on CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV-infected pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women co-infected by HIV and T. gondii. The study was conducted from January to July 2016 at the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) sites in the Health District of Lacs in Togo. Diagnosis of HIV was performed by immuno-chromatographic methods with Determine TM HIV-1/2 and immuno-filtration with Tri-Dot HIV-1 and 2 kits. Presence of anti-toxoplasmic IgG and IgM antibodies was established via enzyme immunoassay using ELISA-BIOREX&reg;kit. Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes. Results: Our study found that of the 4599 pregnant women, 111 (2.41%) were HIV-positive. Among them, 109 (98.20%) were infected by HIV-1 and 2 (1.98%) by HIV-2. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 5.36% (IgM), 25% (IgG) and 3.57% (both IgM and IgG) of HIV 56 infected women. There was no significant difference between CD4 cell count in HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM (-)/IgG (-) infected pregnant women (378.8 ± 222.8 cell//μl) compared to HIV (+)/T. gondii/IgM (+) (457.3 ± 183.3 cell//μl), HIV (+)/T. gondii IgG (+) (419.4 ± 287.3 cell//μl) and HIV (+)/T. gondii IgM/IgG (+) (480.5 ± 252.4 cell/μl). Conclusion: This study showed that intracellular parasite T. gondii did not alter CD4+ T lymphocytes count in HIV/T. gondii co-infected pregnant women.

Effect of Mg^(2+)level on the functions of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells in patients with COVID-19

Objective:To investigate the changes of Mg^(2+) levels in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of patients with COVID-19 and its effects on the functions of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells.Methods:A total of 165 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Ezhou Central Hospital from January 20 to February 20,2020 were divided into mild/common group(98 cases)and severe/critical group(67 cases).At the same time,34 healthy persons were selected as the control group.Peripheral blood was collected and PBMCs were isolated,the level of Mg^(2+) in serum and PBMCs was detected.The subsets of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cell and the expression levels of their surface inhibitory molecular PD-1 and activator molecular NKG2D were detected by flow cytometry.The correlation between Mg^(2+) concentration and the expression levels of PD-1 and NKG2D was also analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group,the concentration of Mg^(2+) in serum and PBMCs,the counts of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cell in patients with mild/common and severe/critical groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the expression level of surface inhibitory molecular PD-1 were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of the activation molecule NKG2D were significantly decreased(P<0.05).However,the changes of the above indicators in patients with severe/critical group were greater than those in the mild/common group(P<0.05).In addition,the Mg^(2+) concentration in COVID-19 patients was negatively correlated with the expression level of PD-1 on CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells(P<0.05),and positively correlated with the expression levels of NKG2D(P<0.05).Conclusion:The concentration of Mg^(2+) in the serum and PBMCs of COVID-19 patients is significantly reduced,which may cause the function of CD8^(+)T lymphocytes and NK cells to be inhibited.

Changes of CD4^+CD25^+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and the Effects of Atorvastatin

The function of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T lymphocytes （Treg） in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） and the effects of atorvastatin were investigated. Forty-eight patients with ACS were randomly divided into two groups： group C receiving conventional therapy （n=24）, and group C＋A receiving conventional therapy＋atorvastatin （10 mg/day, n=24）. T lymphocytes from ACS patients （before and 2 weeks after the treatment） or 18 healthy subjects were separated and the flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of Treg. The inhibitory ability of Treg on effector T cells was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction （MLR）. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of cytokines （IL-10, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ） before and after treatment. The results showed that as compared with normal control group, Treg percentage was decreased significantly （P〈0.01）, the inhibitory ability of Treg on the T lymphocytes proliferation was reduced （P〈0.01）, IFN-γ levels were increased and IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels were lowered in ACS patients. After treatment with atorvastatin, Treg percentage and the inhibitory ability of Treg on T lymphocytes proliferation were significantly increased in ACS patients. Serum IFN-γ was decreased significantly, while IL-10 and TGF-β1 were elevated significantly as compared with the non-atorvastatin group. The number of Treg was positively correlated with serum TGF-β1, but negatively with serum IFN-γ and CRP. It was concluded that ACS was associated with decreased number and defected function of Treg, which may play an important role in initiating immune-inflammatory response in ACS. The inhibitory effects of atorvastatin on inflammation in ACS may be due to its beneficial effects on Treg and restoration of immune homeostasis.

女性更年期艾滋病合并肺结核患者低剂量螺旋CT动态扫描与CD_4^+T淋巴细胞相关性分析

目的探讨女性更年期艾滋病患者合并肺结核的低剂量螺旋CT表现特征及与CD_4^+T淋巴细胞计数的相关性。方法收集经临床确诊、符合女性更年期综合征的艾滋病合并肺结核病例55例为研究组,同时选择同期符合女性更年期综合征的单纯性肺结核患者42例作为对照组,对两组实施低剂量螺旋CT扫描,分析CT表现,并结合临床资料与CD_4^+T淋巴细胞水平进行统计学检验。结果 (1)CT结果显示:研究组较对照组出现较多斑片实变(76.8%vs 52.3%,P<0.05);对照组较研究组出现较多钙化(51.7%vs 0,P<0.05);两组在斑片实变、多发空洞、单发空洞、多发结节、胸腔积液、淋巴结肿大(纵隔、腋下)等方面的发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)CD_4^+T淋巴细胞检测结果显示:研究组CD_4^+T淋巴细胞计数低于对照组(P<0.05)。在研究组中,Ⅰ型肺结核和淋巴细胞计数间呈正相关(P<0.05),Ⅲ型肺结核和淋巴细胞计数间为负相关(P<0.05),而Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型均与淋巴细胞计数无相关(P>0.05);双肺上叶病变部位和淋巴细胞计数之间无相关(P>0.05),右肺中叶、双肺下叶病变部位和淋巴细胞计数间为负相关(P<0.05);斑片实变、多发空洞、多发结节、淋巴结肿大的病例和淋巴细胞计数间呈负相关(P<0.05),单发空洞病例和淋巴细胞计数间呈正相关(P<0.05),胸腔积液病例与淋巴细胞计数间无相关(P>0.05)。结论女性更年期艾滋病患者合并肺结核的低剂量螺旋CT表现多不典型,这与CD_4^+T淋巴细胞计数减少有较大关联。了解此类患者的CT特征和CD_4^+T淋巴细胞的相关性,有益于早诊断及早治疗。

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CD8^+和γδT细胞亚群表面PD1和BTLA的表达（英文）

Objective To investigate the expression and regulation of programmed cell death protein 1(PD1),B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte attenuator(BTLA)in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC);to examine the correlation of the mRNA levels between PD and BTLA in NSCLC.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of CD8^+T cells andγδ+T cells in the peripheral blood samples collected from 32 in-patients with stage IV NSCLC and 30 healthy individuals.We compared the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces ofγδ+T cells in the NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after the treatment of zoledronic acid.The correlations of PD1 and BTLA,as well as their ligands were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis with the cBioPortal data platform.Results The frequency of PD1 on the surfaces of CD8^+T cells was significantly higher than that of theγδT cells in both healthy controls(t=2.324,P=0.024)and NSCLC patients(t=2.498,P=0.015).The frequency of PD1 on CD8^+T cells,rather than onγδ+T cells,was significantly upregulated in advanced NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy controls(t=4.829,P<0.001).The PD1+BTLA+γδT cells of the healthy controls were significantly lower than that of the NSCLC patients(t=2.422,P=0.0185).No differences in percentage of PD1+γδ+and BTLA+γδ+T cells were observed in 7 NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after zoledronic acid treatment.PD1 was positively correlated with BTLA in both lung adenocarcinoma(r=0.54;P<0.05)and lung squamous cell carcinoma(r=0.78;P<0.05).Conclusions The upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules occurs on the surfaces of both CD8^+T cells andγδT cells in advanced NSCLC,suggesting that these molecules were involved in regulating the inactivation of CD8^+T cells andγδ+T cells,immune escape and tumor invasion.

Poor CD4 count is a predictor of untreated depression in human immunodeficiency virus-positive African-Americans

AIM: To determine if efforts to improve antiretroviral therapy(ART) adherence minimizes the negative impact of depression on human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a clinic-based cohort of 158 HIV seropositive(HIV+) African Americans screened for major depressive disorder(MDD) in 2012. CD4 T lymphocyte(CD4+) counts were obtained from these individuals. Self-report on adherence to ART was determined from questionnaire administered during clinic visits. The primary outcome measure was conditional odds of having a poorer CD4+ count(< 350 cells/mm3). Association between CD4+ count and antidepressant-treated or untreated MDD subjects was examined controlling for self-reported adherence and other potential confounders. RESULTS: Out of 147 individuals with available CD4+ T lymphocyte data, 31% had CD4+ count < 350 cells/mm^3 and 28% reported poor ART adherence. As expected the group with > 350 cells/mm^3 CD4+ T lymphocyte endorsed significantly greater ART adherence compared to the group with < 350 cells/mm3 CD4+ T lymphocyte count(P < 0.004). Prevalence of MDD was 39.5% and 66% of individuals with MDD took antidepressants. Poor CD4+ T lymphocyte count was associated with poor ART adherence and MDD. Adjusting for ART adherence, age, sex and education, which were potential confounders, the association between MDD and poor CD4+ T lymphocyte remained significant only in the untreated MDD group.CONCLUSION: Therefore, CD4+ count could be a clinical marker of untreated depression in HIV+. Also, mental health care may be relevant to primary care of HIV+ patients.

Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide on CD4^+/CD8^+T cell levels after traumatic brain injury in a rat model

BACKGROUND:The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)during traumatic brain injury(TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously.The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI.METHODS:Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups(n=6,each):sham-operated,vehicle(normal saline)^+TBI,and PACAP^+TBI.Normal saline or PACAP(1 ug/5uL) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI.Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method.Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma.Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining.The numbers of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry.RESULTS:In injured brain regions,edema,hemorrhage,inflammatory cell infiltration,and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope,and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi.Compared to the sham group,average CD4^+ CD8" lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI^+vehicle,and CD4^+ CD8^+ were increased.In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI,damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4^+,and decreased CD8^+,T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen.CONCLUSION:Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

Haematology Parameters of Apparently Healthy Prospective Whole Blood Donors in a Nigerian Hospital Setting

Background: Adequate selection of a prospective whole blood donor protects his health and safety of the recipient. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors. Participants and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study carried out from August to October 2020 at the blood transfusion unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. The socio demographic status and the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors who tested negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C markers were captured. Obtained data were analysed with the statistical package for the social scientist software version 20. Results: One hundred male (97.1%) and three female (2.9%) apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors were studied. The median age of study subjects was 30 years. Obtained median haematology parameter values were 13 g/dl, 40%, 4.9/nl and 203.9/nl for haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total white cell and platelet counts respectively. The median values for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of participants were 32.6 g/dl, 27.7 pg and 85.7 fl respectively. Observed prevalence of subnormal haematology parameters for haemoglobin concentration, total white cells, platelets were 12.6%, 25.2%, and 13.6% respectively. Also subnormal values for MCHC, MCH, MCV were 11.7%, 26.2%, and 16.5% respectively among prospective whole blood donors in this study. No higher than normal haematology parameter values were observed. Median values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.4 mm/hr. Conclusion: A significant percentage of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors had subnormal haematology parameters values. Obtained normal values in our study are comparable with local reference range reports from previous studies in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. 124947 .

Impact of baseline CD4^＋ T cell counts on the efficacy of nevirapinebased highly active antiretroviral therapy in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients： a prospective, multicentric study

Background CD4^＋T cell counts have been used as the indicator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） disease progression and thereby to determine when to start highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Whether and how the baseline CD4^＋T cell count affects the immunological and viral responses or adverse reactions to nevirapine （NVP）-containing HAART in Chinese HIV-1 infected adults remain to be characterized. Methods One hundred and ninety-eight HIV-seropositive antiretroviral therapy （ART）-naive subjects were enrolled into a prospective study from 2005 to 2007. Data were analyzed by groups based on baseline CD4^＋T cell counts either between 100-200 cells/μl or 201-350 cells/μl. Viral responses, immunologic responses and adverse events were monitored at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 52, 68, 84, 100. Results Eighty-six and 112 subjects ranged their CD4^＋T cell counts 100-200 cells/μl and 201-350 cells/μl, respectively. The pre-HAART viral load in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group was significantly lower than that in CD4 100-200 cells/μl group （P=0.000）. After treatment, no significant differences were observed between these two groups either in the plasma viral load （pVL） or in the viral response rate calculated as the percentage of pVL less than 50 copies/ml or less than 400 copies/ml. The CD4^＋T cell counts were statistically higher in the 201-350 group during the entire follow-ups （P 〈0.01） though CD4^＋ T cell count increases were similar in these two groups. After 100-week treatment, the median of CD4^＋ T cell counts were increased to 331 cells/μl for CD4 100-200 cells/μl group and to 462 cells/μl for CD4 201-350 cells/μl group. Only a slightly higher incidence of nausea was observed in CD4 201-350 cells/μl group （P=0.05） among all adverse reactions, including rash and liver function abnormality. Conclusions The pVLs and viral response rates are unlikely to be associated with the baseline CD4^＋T cell counts. Initiating HAART in Chinese HIV-1 infected patients with higher baseline CD4^＋T cell counts could result in higher total CD4^＋T cell counts thereby achieve a better immune recovery. These results support current guidelines to start HAART at a threshold of 350 cells/μl.

补肾方对慢性乙型肝炎T细胞亚群及其功能的影响

目的观察补肾方对慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫功能状态的调节作用。方法收集HBeAg阳性ALT异常者30例,给予补肾方治疗,用药6个月,于用药前、用药3个月、6个月时分别检测下列指标。采用罗氏荧光定量PCR法检测HBVDNA ,外周血单个核细胞(peripheralbloodmononuclearcell,PBMC)加入HBeAg、HBcAg与植物血凝素(Phytohemagglutinin ,PHA)培养48h ,检测培养上清液中IL 10、IFN -γ,血液中CD4+、CD8+、CD8+CD2 8+、CD8+CD2 8-和CD2 8+T细胞的比例及加入HBeAg、HBcAg与PHA培养48h后培养细胞中CD8+CD2 8+的比例。结果补肾方治疗有效组在治疗3个月后,PBMC培养中IFN- γ较治疗前明显上升,IL- 10明显下降(P <0 . 0 5,P <0. 0 1) ;CD8+CD2 8+T、CD2 8+T、培养后CD8+CD2 8+T细胞较治疗前明显上升,CD8+CD2 8-T细胞明显下降(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论补肾方能明显增强Th1型细胞因子的表达,降低Th2型细胞因子的表达,促进CD8+(CytotoxicTlymphocyte ,CTL)的表达,这可能是使HBVDNA复制得到抑制的机制之一。

小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞中肿瘤干细胞样细胞的富集和鉴定

目的：无血清培养基（serum-free medium,SFM）悬浮培养小鼠乳腺癌细胞株4T1,富集并鉴定4T1细胞株中肿瘤干细胞样细胞。方法：通过含EGF、bFGF和B27等细胞因子的SFM培养富集4T1细胞中肿瘤干细胞样细胞,将其接种于含血清培养基（serum-supplemented medium,SSM）,观察4T1肿瘤干细胞样细胞分化情况。应用细胞表面标志CD44^＋CD24^-/low和Hoechst33342染色法检测4T1细胞中肿瘤干细胞样细胞的比例,小鼠致瘤实验验证不同培养条件下4T1肿瘤干细胞样细胞的致瘤能力。结果：4T1细胞在SFM中能够存活、增殖,并形成细胞球,细胞球可连续传代,若重新接种于SSM中可贴壁分化。4T1细胞球中CD44^＋CD24^-/low细胞比例为6.4%68.9%,侧群（side population,SP）细胞比例为7.3%61.2%,均显著高于SSM中培养的4T1细胞（P〈0.05）;随着SFM中细胞球传代次数增加,CD44^＋CD24^-/low细胞和SP细胞的比例逐渐升高。小鼠致瘤实验结果显示,富集了肿瘤干细胞的细胞球比常规培养4T1细胞的致瘤性更强。结论：乳腺癌4T1细胞可在含多种生长因子的SFM中悬浮生长并形成细胞球,4T1细胞中含有的乳腺癌干细胞样细胞可通过SFM培养法富集。

CD44v6蛋白与CD3^+T淋巴细胞在食管鳞癌中的表达与预后的关系

目的探讨食管鳞癌组织中CD44v6蛋白和浸润的CD3+T淋巴细胞表达情况及对预后的影响。方法应用免疫组织化学法(SP)检测CD44v6蛋白、CD3+T细胞在60例食管鳞癌患者中的表达,另选取30例癌旁正常组织为对照,分析其与临床病理参数之间的关系。结果 CD44v6蛋白在食管癌及癌旁正常组织阳性表达率分别为53.3%、16.7%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD3+T淋巴细胞在食管癌及癌旁正常组织阳性表达率分别为56.7%、80.0%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD44v6蛋白高表达及CD3+T淋巴细胞低表达均与食管鳞癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.05),但与分化程度、病变长度无关(P>0.05);食管癌中CD3+T淋巴细胞和CD44V6蛋白的表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.481,P<0.01)。结论 CD44v6蛋白高表达和CD3+T淋巴细胞低表达与食管鳞癌发生发展、浸润转移密切相关。

CD70 defines a subset of proinflammatory and CNSpathogenic TH1/TH17 lymphocytes and is overexpressed in multiple sclerosis

activation.Therefore,engagement of the costimulatory CD27/CD70 pathway is solely dependent on upregulation of CD70.However,the T cell-intrinsic effect and function of human CD70 remain underexplored.Herein,we describe that CD70 expression distinguishes proinflammatory CD4^(+)T lymphocytes that display an increased potential to migrate into the central nervous system(CNS).Upregulation of CD70 on CD4^(+)T lymphocytes is induced by TGF-β1 and TGF-β3,which promote a pathogenic phenotype.In addition,CD70 is associated with a TH1 and TH17 profile of lymphocytes and is important for T-bet and IFN-γexpression by both T helper subtypes.Moreover,adoptive transfer of CD70−/−CD4^(+)T lymphocytes induced less severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)disease than transfer of WT CD4^(+)T lymphocytes.CD70+CD4^(+)T lymphocytes are found in the CNS during acute autoimmune inflammation in humans and mice,highlighting CD70 as both an immune marker and an important costimulator of highly pathogenic proinflammatory TH1/TH17 lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS.

CTL Response Suppression in Chronic Phase of Infection:A mathematical study

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)has had an insightful impact about the state of healthiness of human immune system.Due to great improvement in drug therapy,HIV infections have been reduced by 17%over the past eight years.It has been proved that most effective treatment HAART(Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy)mainly controls the diseases progression but it does not eradicate the diseases completely.Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor drugs specially associated with virus specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte(CTL)that declines with disease progression. CTL responses against AIDS pathogenesis could be potential in the dynamics of virus replication, recognition and clearance of infected cells.In this research article a mathematical model has been proposed on the basis of CTL response suppression in the chronic phase of infection due to presence of virus.We also consider the growth of the virus population from the infected CD4^+T cells budding process and from the other infected cells like macrophages and thymocytes.Our analytical and numerical studies are consistent with existing observations from allied areas.

HIV感染者/AIDS患者96例抗病毒治疗前后CD_4^+T细胞水平分析

目的通过对HIV感染者/AIDS患者的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HARRT),观察CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对计数及CD4+T/CD8+T比值,分析抗病毒治疗的效果。方法检测治疗前后CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对计数及CD4+T/CD8+T比值,运用统计学方法对数据进行处理。结果 96例血标本抗病毒治疗前后CD4+T计数分别为(102.63±28.57)和(249.41±23.95)个/μl;CD4+T/CD8+T比值分别为(0.23±0.19)和(0.42±0.23),治疗效果明显,无论男性、女性治疗都是有效的;在无症状或出现较轻症状HIV感染者的治疗效果比疾病严重或较重者好。结论 HARRT的治疗效果明显,可提高HIV感染者/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗的比例,延缓疾病进程和降低病死率。

低发病率地区20例HIV/AIDS个案流行病学调查分析

目的了解低发病率地区HIV/AIDS在人群中的发病特征。方法采用河南省性病艾滋病防治研究所制订的《HIV/AIDS个案调查表》,对HIV/AIDS本人或家属进行逐项调查,并采血送省进行CD+4T淋巴细胞检测。结果(1)濮阳市HIV/AIDS流行率为0.56/10万(河南省人群估计HIV感染率约为35/10万),处于低发病率水平。(2)以性接触传播为主(50%),5例为配偶间性传播,5例有婚外性行为史。(3)HIV感染者CD+4T淋巴细胞大于300者只有3例,已陆续开始发病与死亡。结论濮阳市HIV/AIDS处于低发病率水平;以性接触传播为主;性行为传播是由高危人群向一般人群扩散的桥梁。

Enhancement of antitumor immunity by low-dose total body irradiation is associated with selectively decreasing the proportion and number of T regulatory cells

Low-dose total body irradiation （LTBI） is used in the treatment of some cancers mainly for immune enhancement rather than cell killing. However, the mechanism underlying LTBI remains unknown. In this study, by analyzing the immune patterns of lymphocytes, we found that the percentage and absolute number of CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋ regulatory T cells are markedly decreased in naive mice following treatment with LTBI. On the contrary, the CD4^＋CD44^＋/CD8^＋CD44^＋ effector-memory T cells are greatly increased. Importantly, naive mice treated with dendritic cell-gp100 tumor vaccines under LTBI induced an enhancement of antigen-specific proliferation and cytotoxicity as well as interferon-γ, （IFN-γ） secretion against FIO melanoma tumor challenge, compared to treatment with either the tumor vaccine or LTBI alone. Consequently, the treatment resulted in a reduced tumor burden and prolonged mouse survival. Our data demonstrate that LTBI＇s enhancement of antitumor immunity was mainly associated with selectively decreasing the proportion and number of T regulatory cells, implying the potential application of the combination of LTBI and a tumor vaccine in antitumor therapy.