Developing cold-resistant high-adhesive electronic substrate for WIMPs detectors at CDEX

Herein we report a prototypical electronic substrate specifically designed to serve the weakly interacting massive particles(WIMPs)detectors at the China Dark Matter Experiment(CDEX).Because the bulky high-purity germanium(HPGe)detectors operate under liquid-nitrogen temperatures and ultralow radiation backgrounds,the desired electronic substrates must maintain high adhesivity across different layers in such cold environment and be free from any radioactive nuclides.To conquer these challenges,for the first time,we employed polytetrafluoroethylene((C2F4)n)foil as the base substrate,in conjunction with ion implantation and deposition techniques using an independently developed device at Beijing Normal University for surface modification prior to electroplating.The remarkable peeling strengths of 0.88±0.06 N/mm for as-prepared sample and 0.75±0.05 N/mm for that after 2.5-days of soaking inside the liquid nitrogen were observed,while the regular standards commonly require 0.4 N/mm^0.6 N/mm for electronic substrates.

技巧三则 轻松玩转CDex软件

CDex 软件能轻松地将 CD 抓取为WAV、MP3、WMA、OGG、AAC、APE、VQF、MP+等流行的音频文件,并能实现各种格式之间的相互转换。它与 CDDB 无缝结合,可以轻松获取 CD 信息,最令人不可思议的,它竟然是免费软件。cDex 操作非常简单,功能却超级强大,在这里介绍三绝活,让你轻松玩转 CDex。

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First results on ^(76)Ge neutrinoless double beta decay from CDEX-1 experiment

We report the first results on ^(76)Ge neutrinoless double beta decay from stage one of the China dark-matter experiment(CDEX).A p-type point-contact high-purity germanium detector with a mass of 994 g has been installed to detect neutrinoless double beta decay events, as well as to directly detect dark matter particles. An exposure of 304 kg d has been analyzed over a wide spectral band from 500 keV to 3 MeV. The average event rate obtained was about 0.012 counts per keV per kg per day over the 2.039 MeV energy range. The half-life of ^(76)Ge neutrinoless double beta decay derived based on this result is T^(0ν)1/2>6.4×10^(22) yr(90% C.L.). An upper limit on the effective Majorana-neutrino mass of 5.0 eV has been achieved.

Introduction to the CDEX experiment

It is believed that weakly interacting massive particles （WIMPs） are candidates for dark matter （DM） in our universe which come from outer space and might interact with the standard model （SM） matter of our detectors on the earth. Many collaborations in the world are carrying out various experiments to directly detect DM particles. China Jinping underground Laboratory （CJPL） is the deepest underground laboratory in the world and provides a very promising environment for DM search. China Dark matter EXperiment （CDEX） is going to directly detect the WIMP flux with high sensitivity in the low WIMP-mass region. Both CJPL and CDEX have achieved a remarkable progress in recent three years. CDEX employs a point-contact germanium （PCGe） semi-conductor detector whose energy threshold is less than 300 eV. In this report we present the measurement results of muon flux, monitoring of radioactivity and radon concentration carried out in CJPL, as well describing the structure and performance of the 1 kg-PCGe detector in CDEX-1 and 10 kg- PCGe detector array in CDEX-10 including the detectors, electronics, shielding and cooling systems. Finally we discuss the physics goals of CDEX-1, CDEX-10 and the future CDEX-1T experiments.

中国暗物质实验(CDEX)合作组研究进展

暗物质是当今物理学最基本也是最吸引人的前沿研究课题之一,对认识宇宙起源、演变和结构以及物质的本源等基本科学问题具有十分重要的意义.暗物质的理论研究和实验探测经过几十年的积累和发展已经取得了长远的进步.实验上有多种方法可以进行暗物质粒子的探测,直接探测是一种非常重要的手段.本文评述了暗物质直接探测方法的原理和当今国际国内采用直接探测法的不同实验的研究现状,着重介绍了中国暗物质实验(China Dark matter Experiment,CDEX)合作组的研究历程、探测技术和数据分析方法、以及研究取得的重要成果和未来规划.

CDEX-1 1 kg point-contact germanium detector for low mass dark matter searches

The CDEX collaboration has been established for direct detection of light dark matter particles, using ultra-low energy threshold point-contact p-type germanium detectors, in China JinPing underground Laboratory （CJPL）. The first 1 kg point-contact germanium detector with a sub-keV energy threshold has been tested in a passive shielding system located in CJPL. The outputs from both the point-contact P＋ electrode and the outside N＋ electrode make it possible to scan the lower energy range of less than 1 keV and at the same time to detect the higher energy range up to 3 MeV. The outputs from both P＋ and N＋ electrode may also provide a more powerful method for signal discrimination for dark matter experiment. Some key parameters, including energy resolution, dead time, decay times of internal X-rays, and system stability, have been tested and measured. The results show that the 1 kg point-contact germanium detector, together with its shielding system and electronics, can run smoothly with good performances. This detector system will be deployed for dark matter search experiments.

First experimental constraints on WIMP couplings in the effective field theory framework from CDEX

We present weakly interacting massive particles(WIMPs) search results performed using two approaches of effective field theory from the China Dark Matter Experiment(CDEX), based on the data from both CDEX-1B and CDEX-10 stages. In the nonrelativistic effective field theory approach, both time-integrated and annual modulation analyses were used to set new limits for the coupling of WIMP-nucleon effective operators at 90% confidence level(C.L.) and improve over the current bounds in the low mχregion. In the chiral effective field theory approach, data from CDEX-10 were used to set an upper limit on WIMP-pion coupling at 90% C.L. We for the first time extended the limit to the m_(χ)<6 GeV/c^(2) region.

Study of the material photon and electron background and the liquid argon detector veto efficiency of the CDEX-10 experiment

The China Dark Matter Experiment （CDEX） is located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory （CJPL） and aims to directly detect the weakly interacting massive particles （WIMP） flux with high sensitivity in the low mass region. Here we present a study of tile predicted photon and electron backgrounds including the background contribution of the structure materials of the germanium detector, the passive shielding materials, and the intrinsic radioactivity of the liquid argon that serves as an anti-Compton active shielding detector. A detailed geometry is modeled and the background contribution has been simulated based on the measured radioactivities of all possible components within tile GEANT4 program. Then the photon and electron background level in the energy region of interest （〈10-2events-kg1·day 1·keV-1 （cpkkd）） is predicted based on Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated result is consistent with the design goal of the CDEX-10 experiment, 0.1cpkkd, which shows that the active and passive shield design of CDEX-10 is effective and feasible.

简便快捷CD音轨转MP3

MP3播放器越来越普及了,很多DVD播放机也可以直接播放MP3的光碟,如果我们将自己的一大堆的音乐CD转为MP3文件,就可以随时下载到MP3播放器中。也可以刻录为MP3的光碟——一张光碟差不多可以装下10多张CD的歌曲,这样用可以用DVD播放机播放MP3,一天都不用换CD盘了。这里介绍一个小巧但使用简便快捷的抓取CD音轨并转为MP3的软件——CDex,这是一个完全免费的软件。

把更多的音乐装入MP3

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地下实验室基坑混凝土工艺浅析——中国锦屏地下实验室二期扩建工程

中国锦屏地下实验室是为探测宇宙暗物质而建国家重点实验室,为保证实验室洁净和安全,CDEX实验室、PANDEX实验室内探测器基坑需要做钢筋混凝土衬砌,包括探测器基坑侧壁混凝土和基础底板混凝土,本文对钢筋混凝土浇灌、钢筋绑扎、脚手架搭建、模板工程进行了详细介绍。

暗物质探测实验液氩反符合探测器杂质影响分析

CDEX装置采用液氩反符合屏蔽方法降低本底,液氩中的杂质可能会对反符合效率造成影响。CDEX装置反符合效率与高纯锗晶体总探测效率、液氩探测器总探测效率有关。6个因素会影响液氩探测器总探测效率。液氩中的杂质会改变慢成分衰减时间。杂质通过焠灭和吸收作用,降低闪烁光产额和吸收闪烁光子,进而降低反符合探测效率。以氮和氧为例,计算了不同含量时发生的焠灭作用对于反符合效率的影响。结果表明,仅考虑焠灭作用条件下,为了使反符合效率达到90%以上,需要将液氩介质中的氮和氧含量降低到约100 ppb量级。

液氩探测系统的设计与信号分析

中国暗物质实验组将对暗物质(弱相互作用粒子)进行直接探测,其中CDEX-10的项目中将利用低阈值高纯锗作为主探测器,液氩作为反符合系统并且为高纯锗提供低温环境。液氩探测系统的性能研究和信号分析,是液氩反符合系统的关键技术。该项目通过搭建小型的液氩信号采集实验装置、建立数据采集和数据分析系统,完成了整个系统的调试和液氩中宇宙线的信号分析;得到了液氩中信号的波形特性以及甄别因子;为暗物质中液氩纯度的研究和TPB镀膜的研究奠定了基础。

中国锦屏地下实验室与稀有物理实验

中国锦屏地下实验室是目前世界上岩石覆盖最深的深地实验室,对宇宙线μ子具有良好的屏蔽作用,具有极低的宇宙线通量,因此适用于开展对稀有物理事例的探测实验。目前,包括中国暗物质实验(China Dark matter EXperiment,CDEX)、粒子和天体物理氙实验(Particle and Astrophysical Xenon Experiments,PandaX)、锦屏深地核天体物理实验装置(Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment,JUNA)等实验组已经入驻锦屏实验室,对暗物质直接探测、无中微子双β衰变、天体核反应等一系列稀有物理事例进行实验探测,并给出了一系列国际先进水平的研究成果。本文总结了中国锦屏地下实验室自成立以来的发展过程和本底控制情况,并对实验室中各个实验组所开展实验的物理意义、实验原理、关键技术、物理成果等进行介绍,同时给出实验组接下来的实验计划。

高纯锗探测器在粒子物理与天体物理中的应用

本文介绍了近年来高纯锗探测器技术的发展和新型高纯锗探测器在粒子物理、天体物理领域的应用,特别是高纯锗探测器在暗物质直接探测、双β衰变实验等极低本底的重要基础前沿研究方面的应用.中国已经建成了世界垂直岩石覆盖最深的地下实验室——中国锦屏地下实验室.中国科学家组成的CDEX研究团队拟利用吨量级的点接触电极高纯锗探测器阵列系统,在中国锦屏地下实验室开展暗物质直接实验研究,本文也介绍了这一实验计划.

国际地下实验室发展综述

地下实验室是开展粒子物理学、天体物理学及宇宙学等领域一些重大基础性前沿课题的重要研究场所和良好的低本底环境,建设和发展地下实验室对于一个国家的基础科学研究具有重要科学意义.目前,国际上许多国家都已经建立起地下实验室,而中国一直没有很好的地下实验室,特别是极深地下实验室.2009年,清华大学与二滩水电开发有限责任公司开展战略合作,利用锦屏山隧道建立中国首个世界最深的地下实验室--中国锦屏地下实验室(China Jinping Underground Laboratory,CJPL),并于2010年12月12日正式启用.中国锦屏地下实验室的建成,标志着中国已经具备开展物理学重大基础前沿科学研究的自主地下实验平台,对于推动我国相关领域的重大基础前沿课题的自主研究意义重大.文章对国际上一些重要地下实验室的情况进行了介绍,并对中国锦屏地下实验室的基本情况进行了介绍.