Pharmacological cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors: Implications for colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer accounts for a significant proportion of cancer deaths worldwide. The need to develop more chemotherapeutic agents to combat this disease is critical. Cyclin dependent kinases(CDKs), along with its binding partner cyclins, serve to control the growth of cells through the cell cycle. A new class of drugs, termed CDK inhibitors, has been studied in preclinical and now clinical trials. These inhibitors are believed to act as an anti-cancer drug by blocking CDKs to block the uncontrolled cellular proliferation that is hallmark of cancers like colorectal cancer. CDK article provides overview of the emerging drug class of CDK inhibitors and provides a list of ones that are currently in clinical trials.

Molecular mechanism underlying the functional loss of cyclindependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p27 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common human cancers,and its incidence is still increasing in many countries.The prognosis of HCC patients remains poor,and identification of useful molecular prognostic markers is required.Many recent studies have shown that functional alterations of cell-cycle regulators can be observed in HCC.Among the various types of cell-cycle regulators,p16 and p27 are frequently inactivated in HCC and are considered to be potent tumor suppressors.p16,a G1-specific cell-cycle inhibitor that prevents the association of cyclindependent kinase(CDK)4 and CDK6 with cyclin D1,is frequently inactivated in HCC via CpG methylation of its promoter region.p16 may be involved in the early steps of hepatocarcinogenesis,since p16 gene methylation has been detected in subsets of pre-neoplastic liver cirrhosis patients.p27,a negative regulator of the G1-S phase transition through inhibition of the kinase activities of Cdk2/cyclin A and Cdk2/cyclin E complexes,is now considered to be an adverse prognostic factor in HCC.In some cases of HCC with increased cell proliferation,p27 is overexpressed but inactivated by sequestration into cyclin D1-CDK4-containing complexes.Since loss of p16 is closely related to functional inactivation of p27 in HCC, investigating both p16 and p27 may be useful for precise prognostic predictions in individuals with HCC.

Expression of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 in the hippocampus of vascular dementia mice after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

BACKGROUND： The p25-activated cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 （Cdk5） may induce neuronal cell death and cause the development of dementia following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE： To observe changes in the expression of Cdk5 and p25 in hippocampal tissue of vascular dementia mice at different time points following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed in the clinical trial center of Hebei Provincial People＇s Hospital between September 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： Cdk5 rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibody, p35 rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibody, and β-actin mouse monoclonal antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA; horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG and horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mice IgG were offered by Beijing Zhongshan Geldenbridye Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., China; the protein quantitative kit was produced by Applygen Gene Technology Corp., Beijing, China; cDNA reverse transcription and PCR amplification reagents were products of TianGen＆ Biotech （Beijing） Co.,Ltd., China. METHODS： One hundred and sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups： a sham-operated group （n = 65） and a model group （n = 95）. Vascular dementia was induced with three periods of transient ischemia and reperfusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. In the sham-operated group, the bilateral common carotid arteries were not blocked. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Behavioral tests were done at four and six weeks post surgery. Pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining Cdk5 mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR, and Western blots were used to evaluate Cdk5 and p25 expression. Learning and memory performance were assayed using the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Vascular dementia reduced learning and memory performance at 4 and 6 weeks post surgery. Vascular dementia also caused severe, time-dependent neuronal damage and death in the hippocampal CA1 region. Dementia induction also increased mRNA and protein expression of Cdk5 and p25 at both 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION： Cdk5/p25 is involved in the development of vascular dementia in mice following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A 16,tumour protein 53 and epidermal growth factor receptor in salivary gland carcinomas is not associated with oncogenic virus infection

It is known that human papillomavirus （HPV） infection can cause squamous cell neoplasms at several sites, such as cervix uteri carcinoma and oral squamous carcinoma. There is little information on the expression of HPV and its predictive markers in tumours of the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck. We therefore assessed oral salivary gland neoplasms to identify associations between HPV and infection-related epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A （CDKN2A/p16） and tumour protein p53 （TP53）. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from oral salivary gland carcinomas （n=51） and benign tumours （n=26） were analysed by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） analysis for several HPV species, including high-risk types 16 and 18. Evaluation of EGFR, CDKN2A, TP53 and cytomegalovirus （CMV） was performed by immunohistochemistry. Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） was evaluated by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridisation. We demonstrated that salivary gland tumours are not associated with HPV infection. The expression of EGFR, CDKN2A and TP53 may be associated with tumour pathology but is not induced by HPV. CMV and EBV were not detectable. In contrast to oral squamous cell carcinomas, HPV, CMV and EBV infections are not associated with malignant or benign neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands.

贝母素乙通过下调CDK2/CDK4/CDK6和cyclin D1表达抑制人结肠腺癌SW480细胞活力

目的:探究贝母素乙(peiminine)对人结肠腺癌细胞(SW480)活力、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用并探讨其抑制SW480增殖的作用机制。方法:用不同剂量的贝母素乙处理人结肠腺癌细胞SW480和人正常结肠上皮细胞CCD-841CoN,通过CCK-8实验确定贝母素乙抑制SW480活力的最适剂量和最佳作用时间;划痕和Transwell实验检测贝母素乙对SW480迁移与侵袭能力的影响;流式细胞术和Western blot检测贝母素乙对SW480细胞周期及细胞周期相关蛋白表达的影响;构建SW480移植瘤裸鼠模型,在体内分析贝母素乙对SW480活力及细胞周期相关蛋白表达的影响。结果:与对照组相比,当贝母素乙作用浓度为110 mg/L时能够显著抑制SW480细胞活力、迁移和侵袭能力(P<0.01),并诱导SW480细胞周期G1期阻滞,周期相关蛋白细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2(CDK2)、CDK4、CDK6、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、p-Rb/Rb、E2F1、E2F3和E2F4的表达水平受到显著抑制(P<0.05);在体内,贝母素乙抑制SW480移植瘤的活力、延长荷瘤裸鼠的生存周期,影响肿瘤组织中CDK2、CDK4、CDK6和cyclin D1的表达。结论:贝母素乙通过下调CDK2、CDK4、CDK6和cyclin D1的表达,引起SW480细胞的G1期阻滞,进而抑制人结肠腺癌细胞SW480增殖。

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is required for suppressing D1-dependent signaling mediated through muscarinic 4 in isolated medium spiny neurons

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated acetylcholine muscarinic 4(M4) receptor regulates DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in isolated medium spiny neurons(MSNs),indicating antagonistic mechanism with D1 dependent signal cascade,but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclearly.In this study,we investigated the roles of M4 receptor in modulation D1 dependent signal to integrate striatal DA inputs in isolated MSNs.METHODS(1)Lentivirus technology was employed to genetically knock down the M4 receptor of MSNs;(2) Apomorphine(APO),acts as a dopamine receptor agonist,while SCH23390,acts as a selective antagonist for D1,were used to study the pharmacologically profiles with D1 receptor stimulation or blockade,respectively.Then the no subtype-selective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M(OX) were used to show that mAchRs activation,in order to dissect the particular function of M4,a selective M4 antagonist,MT3 was used;(3) Intracellular cAMP production of MSNs was measured by using time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection method;(4) Laser confocal was used to explore the expression of M4 and D1 in MSNs;(5) Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting were used to confirm the alteration of signaling molecular including P-CREB,DARPP-32 P-Thr34,DARPP-32 P-Thr75,cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5) as wel as p25/35,which are involved in DA-dependent signaling modulations.RESULTS Firstly,TR-FRET assay revealed APO(10-2 mol·L^(-1))significantly increased the level of intracellular cAMP(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),also Western blotting results showed that APO(10-6 mol · L^(-1))increased DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),and these effect were reversed by D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01).Interestingly,we confirmed that OX(10-6 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated APO-induced DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01),due to its effects on DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75.The results presented the antagonistic mechanism of mAchRs stimulation with D1 dependent signal cascade in MSNs.Meanwhile,OX(10-7,10-6 and10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)) stimulated DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75,and simultaneously up regulated P25/35 and CDK5 activity(vs control,n=3,P<0.01) by using Western blotting assay.Furthermore,roscovitine(10^(-5) mol · L^(-1)),acts as a CDK5 inhibitor,suppressed CDK5 activity(vs control,n=10,P<0.01),and fully inhibited OX-induced DARPP-32 Thr75 phosphorylation(vs OX,n=10,P<0.01).More important,pretreated with roscovitine(10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)),the effect of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation was potentiated(vs APO,n=3,P<0.05).The result presented CDK5 is required in suppression of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation mediated through mAchRs stimulation.In addition,laser confocal results showed that the CDK5 up-regulation was mostly confined to MSNs co-expressing M4,which means that M4 participated in CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr75.Consistently,immunofluorescence and Western blotting results confirmed that both genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of M4 receptors with MT3(10-7 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated the OX-induced the expression of CDK5(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01) and P25/35(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01)in isolated MSNs.CONCLUSION M4 receptor may play an important role in antagonistic regulation D1 dependent signaling,in which CDK5 is required for suppressing D1-DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation in isolated medium spiny neurons.

The Neuroprotective Effects of Cyclin-dependent Kinase-5 Inhibition in Mice with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C

In order to investigate the neuroprotective effects of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 （cdk-5） inhibition in mice with Niemarm-Pick disease type C （NPC） （npc^-/-）, recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV） carrying the small interfering RNA （siRNA） specific for cdk-5 gene was injected into 3-day-old npc^-/- mice intracerebroventricularly. The rAAV-GFP-injected age-matched npc^-/- mice and non-surgery age-matched npc^-/- mice were employed as controls （n=6-10/group）. From the 4th to 8th week after the treatment, mice were weighed, and evaluated for limb motor activity by using the coat hanger test once a week. Eight-week-old npc^-/- mice were sacrificed by decapitation, and brains were quickly dissected and halved sagittally. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and HE staining were used to evaluate the neuropathology in npc^-/- mice. The results showed that rAAV-cdk-5-siRNA-GFP significantly reduced the number of axonal spheroids, delayed the death of Purkinje neurons, ameliorated motor defects in npc^-/- mice, and significantly attenuated the hyperphosphorylation oftau proteins. These data suggested that inhibition of cdk-5 activity has neuroprotective effect on neurons in NPC mice.

Can cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors convert inoperable breast cancer relapse to operability? A case report

BACKGROUND Pathological complete response(pCR) is rare in hormone receptor-positive(HR+)HER2-negative breast cancer(BC) treated with either endocrine therapy(ET) or chemotherapy. Radical resection of locoregional relapse, although potentially curative in some cases, is challenging when the tumor invades critical structures.The oral cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with ET has obtained a significant increase in objective response rates and progression-free survival in patients with advanced BC and is now being evaluated in the neoadjuvant setting. We present a clinical case of a patient with an inoperable locoregional relapse of HR+ HER2-negative BC who experienced p CR after treatment with palbociclib.CASE SUMMARY We report the clinical case of a 60-year-old patient who presented with an inoperable locoregional relapse of HR+, HER2-negative BC 10 years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. During a routine follow-up visit, breast magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed a 4-cm lesion in the right subclavicular region, infiltrating the chest wall and extending to the subclavian vessels, but without bone or visceral involvement. Treatment was begun with palbociclib plus letrozole, converting the disease to operability over a period of 6 mo. Surgery was performed and a p CR achieved. Of note, during treatment the patient experienced a very uncommon toxicity characterized by burning tongue and glossodynia associated with dysgeusia, paresthesia, dysesthesia, and xerostomia. A reduction in the dose of palbociclib did not provide relief and treatment with the inhibitor was thus discontinued, resolving the tongue symptoms. Laboratory exams were unremarkable. Given that this was a late relapse, the tumor was classified asendocrine-sensitive, a condition associated with high sensitivity to palbociclib.CONCLUSION This case highlights the potential of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor plus ET combination to achieve pCR in locoregional relapse of BC, enabling surgical resection of a lesion initially considered inoperable.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinases in HL-60 cells during differentiation induced by retinoic acid

This study was designed to investigate the relationship of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) with theeffects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the proliferation of HL-cells. HL-60 cells were treated with ATRA for 1-4 d. Then thecapacity of DNA Synthesis was evaluated with 3H-TdR incorporation and the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D, CDK2 and CDK4protein determined with immunocytochemical staining. In addition, the expression Of CDC2, CDK2 and CDK4 mRNA was deter-mined with in situ hybridization. It was found that ATRA suppressed the proliferation of HL-60 cells and decreased their capacityof DNA synthesis to result in a down-regulation of the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D and CDC2 without comcomittant suppressionon the expression of CDK2 and CDK4. It is concluded that the effects of ATRA on the proliferation of HL-60 cells may be relatedto the down-regulation of the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D and CDC2.

miR-567通过调控CDK8在NSCLC增殖、迁移和细胞周期中的作用及其临床相关性研究

目的探讨微小RNA(miR)-567通过调控周期蛋白依赖性激酶8(CDK8)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)增殖、迁移和细胞周期中的作用及其临床相关性研究。方法收集40例NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织和临近癌旁组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测miR-567和CDK8的表达。将miR-NC mimic、miR-567 mimic、oe-NC和oe-CDK8转染至A549和H1975细胞中,使用qRT-PCR检测miR-567和CDK8的表达,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖水平,Transwell法检测细胞迁移水平,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化。通过荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-567与CDK8的靶向性。结果在NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织中,miR-567表达降低,而CDK8表达升高,二者呈负相关(P<0.05)。在A549和H1975细胞中,miR-567 mimic组相较于miR-NC mimic组,miR-567表达升高,CDK8表达降低,细胞增殖和迁移水平降低,细胞G1期比例升高,S期比例降低;miR-567 mimic组在正常型CDK8中,荧光强度低于miR-NC mimic组;miR-567 mimic+oe-CDK8组相较于miR-567 mimic+oe-NC组,CDK8表达升高,细胞增殖和迁移水平升高,细胞G1期比例降低,S期比例升高。结论miR-567通过靶向抑制CDK8表达,控制肿瘤细胞在S期阻滞,从而抑制NSCLC的增殖和迁移能力。

c-Myc、CDK12在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌组织中c-Myc、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12(CDK12)表达及其与患者临床特征及预后的关系。方法 收集80例胃癌患者的胃癌组织和癌旁组织标本,采用免疫组化法检测标本中的c-Myc、CDK12表达水平。比较胃癌组织和癌旁组织中c-Myc、CDK12阳性表达情况;分析胃癌组织中c-Myc、CDK12阳性表达与患者临床病理特征的关系;分析c-Myc与CDK12阳性表达的相关性,胃癌组织中c-Myc、CDK12阳性表达与胃癌患者预后的关系。结果 胃癌组织中c-Myc、CDK12阳性表达率(77.5%、87.5%)均明显高于癌旁组织(13.8%、15.0%)(P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别、肿瘤最大直径患者胃癌组织中c-Myc、CDK12阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中低分化、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、侵犯浆膜、有淋巴结转移患者胃癌组织中c-Myc和CDK12阳性表达率分别为88.0%、87.0%、88.9%、90.0%和94.0%、92.6%、97.2%、100.0%,均明显高于高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、未侵犯浆膜、无淋巴结转移患者胃癌组织的60.0%、57.7%、68.2%、70.0%和76.7%、76.9%、79.5%、80.0%(P<0.05)。相关分析发现,c-Myc、CDK12在胃癌组织中的表达呈正相关性(r=0.487,P=0.016<0.05)。胃癌组织中c-Myc、CDK12阳性患者的3年生存率分别为19.4%、21.4%,均明显低于c-Myc、CDK12阴性患者的55.6%、70.0%(P<0.05)。结论 c-Myc、CDK12在胃癌组织中异常高表达,两者呈正相关性,并与肿瘤的TNM分期、分化程度、肿瘤侵袭深度及淋巴结转移有关,对患者的预后有明显影响,通过检测两者水平可能评估胃癌患者的预后。

PRMT5和CDKN2B在宫颈癌组织的表达及临床意义

目的研究蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶5(PRMT5)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2B(CDKN2B)在宫颈癌中的表达及临床意义。方法收集2019年3月—2020年3月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院妇产科诊治宫颈癌患者88例。免疫组织化学法检测宫颈癌和癌旁组织中PRMT5、CDKN2B表达;采用Spearman相关分析PRMT5与CDKN2B表达的相关性;比较不同临床特征宫颈癌癌组织中PRMT5、CDKN2B表达的差异;Kaplan-Meier曲线评估PRMT5、CDKN2B表达对宫颈癌患者无进展生存预后的影响;多因素Cox回归分析宫颈癌患者无进展生存预后的影响因素。结果癌组织中PRMT5蛋白阳性率70.45%(62/88),高于癌旁组织6.82%(6/88)(χ^(2)=75.155,P<0.001)。宫颈癌组织中CDKN2B阳性率22.73%(20/88),低于癌旁组织79.55%(71/88)(χ^(2)=75.336,P<0.001)。宫颈癌中PRMT5与CDKN2B呈负相关(r=-0.734,P<0.001)。FIGOⅠB2~ⅡA期、有淋巴结转移宫颈癌组织中PRMT5阳性率高于FIGOⅠA~ⅠB1期、无淋巴结转移者,而CDKN2B阳性率则降低(χ^(2)/P=6.359/0.012、4.606/0.032、5.205/0.023、3.893/0.048)。PRMT5阳性组3年累积无进展生存率74.19%(46/62),低于PRMT5阴性组92.31%(24/26)(Log-Rankχ^(2)=4.386,P=0.017)。CDKN2B阴性组3年累积无进展生存率75.00%(51/68),低于CDKN2B阳性组95.00%(19/20)(Log-Rankχ^(2)=4.423,P=0.012)。FIGO分期ⅠB2~ⅡA期、合并淋巴结转移、PRMT5阳性、CDKN2B阴性是影响宫颈癌患者无进展生存预后的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.407(1.159~1.696),1.464(1.201~1.784),1.614(1.189~2.192),1.595(1.191~2.136)]。结论宫颈癌组织中PRMT5表达升高,CDKN2B表达降低,两者与宫颈癌患者的不良临床病理特征有关,是评估宫颈癌预后的标志物。

CDK4/6抑制剂在HR^(+)晚期乳腺癌治疗中的耐药机制及进展后治疗策略

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4/6(CDK4/6)抑制剂联合内分泌治疗已成为激素受体阳性(HR^(+))、人类表皮生长因子受体-2阴性(HER2^(-))乳腺癌患者的晚期一线及二线标准治疗方案。尽管CDK4/6抑制剂可实现有效的疾病控制,但对于晚期乳腺癌患者最终仍会因耐药出现疾病进展。目前CDK4/6抑制剂相关耐药机制尚不完全清楚,同时治疗失败后的最佳治疗策略仍是一个亟待解决的问题。本文就CDK4/6抑制剂的潜在耐药机制和后续治疗策略的最新研究进展做一综述。

胃癌组织中CCNB1、CDK1的表达及其与总体生存率的相关性

目的:观察胃癌组织中细胞周期蛋白B1(Cyclin B1,CCNB1)和细胞周期蛋白质依赖激酶1(Cyclin-dependent kinases1,CDK1)的表达与患者总体生存率之间的关系。方法:回顾分析2017年9月至2023年9月于本院完成胃癌根治术和术后5年随访的58例胃癌患者资料,查阅资料,记录癌组织与癌旁组织的CCNB1、CDK1表达情况,重点分析癌组织CCNB1和CDK1表达与胃癌患者术后总体生存率的关系。结果:癌组织CCNB1、CDK1阳性表达占比高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);不同浸润程度患者的CDK1阳性占比比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同淋巴结转移、肿瘤转移(Tumor Node Metastasis,TNM)分期和分化程度胃癌患者的CCNB1、CDK1阳性占比比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);58例患者病死42例,病死率为72.41%;病死组癌组织CCNB1、CDK1阳性占比高于存活组(P<0.05);经相关性检验,胃癌患者癌组织CCNB1和CDK1阳性表达与生存情况(病死)存在正相关关系(r>0,P<0.05)。结论:CCNB1、CDK1在胃癌癌组织中呈异常表达,这种异常表达可能与患者术后总体生存率有关,提示术后病死高风险,应引起临床重视。

PSME1/2通过抑制CDK15的表达促进子宫内膜癌细胞的增殖和侵袭

目的:探索人类蛋白酶体激活剂(proteasome activator subunit,PSME)1/2在子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)中的表达水平及其对EC细胞增殖和侵袭的影响。方法:检测子宫内膜细胞系和原代细胞中PSME1/2和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶15(cyclin-dependentkinase 15,CDK15)的表达,以敲低株分析PSME1/2与CDK15的表达相关性及其对肿瘤增殖和侵袭影响。比较PSME1/2和CDK15在EC组织和癌旁组织中的表达水平差异,并分析其对EC患者预后的影响。结果:与人正常子宫内膜细胞系相比,PMSE1/2在HEC1B(human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells,HEC1B)及原代细胞中mRNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)高表达和蛋白高表达,CDK15蛋白表达量下降。与对照组和双敲组比,CDK15在HEC1B系PSME1/2敲低株的蛋白表达升高,提示CDK15可能受PSME1/2抑制。在EC组织PMSE1/2高表达,CDK15低表达。PSME1/2表达与患者临床资料如年龄、术后诊断分型、分化程度、术后分期等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PSME1/2、CDK15的表达与EC患者的不良预后无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:PSME1/2抑制CDK15的表达而促进EC细胞的增殖和侵袭,PSME1/2具有促EC作用。

长链非编码RNA LINC00996通过抑制CDKN2A促进胃癌进展

背景长链非编码RNA长基因间非蛋白编码RNA 996(long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 996,LINC00996)在多种肿瘤中发挥促癌或抑癌作用,而其在胃癌中的表达和作用尚不清楚.目的探索LINC00996在胃癌组织和细胞系中的表达,并探讨其对胃癌细胞生物学行为的作用及机制.方法用生物信息学法分析胃癌中LINC00996的表达,及其对胃癌患者总生存期的影响.用RT-qPCR检测胃癌及癌旁组织、胃癌及正常胃上皮细胞系中LINC00996表达.胃癌细胞(SGC7901、NCI-N87)转染针对LINC00996的小干扰RNA(si-LINC00996)和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制蛋白2A(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,CDKN2A)的小干扰RNA(si-CDKN2A)后,用细胞计数试剂盒-8法、EDU染色法、流式细胞术法、划痕法和Transwell法分别检测细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡、迁移与侵袭;Western blot法检测细胞中CDKN2A、周期蛋白D1、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)和劈开的半胱胺酸蛋白酶-3(Cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3,Cleaved caspase-3)表达.结果LINC00996在胃癌组织和细胞中表达较癌旁组织和胃正常细胞系显著升高(P<0.05),Kaplan Meier Plotter数据库显示LINC00996高表达组的胃癌患者的总生存期较低表达组显著缩短(P<0.05).敲降LINC00996能抑制胃癌细胞增殖、细胞周期运行、迁移、侵袭(P<0.05),促进细胞凋亡(P<0.05);降低cyclin D1和Bcl-2表达(P<0.05);升高CDKN2A、Bax和Cleaved caspase-3表达(P<0.05).敲降CDKN2A能部分逆转敲降LINC00996对胃癌细胞的作用(P<0.05).结论敲降LINC00996能通过上调CDKN2A诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,抑制其增殖、迁移与侵袭.

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)和极光激酶A(AURKA)在HBV相关肝细胞癌患者血清中的表达及意义

目的 探讨血清细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)和极光激酶A(AURKA)在HBV相关肝细胞癌(HBV-HCC)患者中的诊断价值。方法 收集2022年6月—2023年12月在甘肃省人民医院消化内科住院部的HBV-HCC患者、HBV相关肝硬化患者(HBV-LC)及慢性乙型肝炎患者(CHB)各50例,收集同期体检中心与病例组年龄、性别相匹配的健康人群50例,记录患者的年龄、性别、并发症以及入院后首次的血常规、肝功能、凝血等检验指标。ELISA法检测各组血清中CDK1和AURKA水平。符合正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。CDK1与AURKA表达的关系采用Spearman相关分析;受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积(AUC)分析CDK1与AURKA对HBV-HCC的诊断价值。结果 与对照组相比,HBV-HCC患者肝功能各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);CHB组与HBV-HCC组Alb、Glb、DBil、AST、GGT、ALP水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);HBV-LC组与HBV-HCC组Glb、AST、GGT水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。HBV-HCC组患者血清中CDK1及AURKA水平明显高于HBV-LC组、CHB组和对照组(P值均<0.05)。CDK1水平与AURKA在总研究人群和HBV-HCC患者中均存在显著的正相关性(r值分别为0.526 6、0.815 2,P值均<0.001)。以对照组为参照,CDK1诊断HBV-HCC的AUC为0.832 3,敏感度为92.86%,特异度为75%;AURKA诊断HCC的AUC为0.886 6,敏感度为95.80%,特异度为74%。以CHB组为参照,CDK1诊断HBV-HCC的AUC为0.833 3,敏感度为93.75%,特异度为75%;AURKA诊断HBV-HCC的AUC为0.972 7,敏感度为95.83%,特异度为91.67%。以HBV-LC组为参照,CDK1诊断HBV-HCC的AUC为0.608 5,敏感度为66.67%,特异度为54.17%;AURKA诊断HBV-HCC的AUC为0.762 2,敏感度为95.83%,特异度为47.92%。结论 血清CDK1与AURKA水平随着HBV相关慢性肝病的进展而升高,二者对HBV相关HCC有一定的诊断价值。

CDK14和FOLR1在结肠癌组织中的表达及与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系

目的分析周期蛋白依赖性激酶14(CDK14)、叶酸结合蛋白1(FOLR1)在结肠癌组织中的表达及与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法选择2016年10月至2019年10月由洪湖市人民医院收治的177例结肠癌患者作为研究对象,收集其经手术切除的结肠癌组织及癌旁组织。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测组织中CDK14、FOLR1的mRNA表达水平。采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中CDK14、FOLR1的蛋白表达情况。采用Pearson法分析结肠癌组织中CDK14、FOLR1表达的相关性。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结肠癌组织中CDK14、FOLR1表达与患者预后的关系(采用log-rank检验)。采用COX回归分析探讨结肠癌患者预后的危险因素。结果结肠癌组织中CDK14、FOLR1的mRNA表达水平及其蛋白表达阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,结肠癌组织中CDK14与FOLR1表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结肠癌组织中CDK14、FOLR1表达与患者的TNM分期、分化程度和浸润深度均有相关性(P均<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,结肠癌组织中CDK14、FOLR1阳性表达的患者的3年累积生存率分别显著低于CDK14和FOLR1阴性表达的患者(P均<0.05)。COX回归分析结果显示,结肠癌组织中CDK14、FOLR1阳性表达均是结肠癌患者预后的危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论CDK14、FOLR1在结肠癌组织中表达水平均显著升高,并且两者与患者的TNM分期、分化程度、浸润深度和预后均密切相关,CDK14、FOLR1阳性表达均是结肠癌患者预后的危险因素。

人类恶性肿瘤靶向治疗的新希望—CDK12/CDK13

细胞周期的更替有赖于细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDKs),CDKs是重要的蛋白激酶家族,在调节细胞周期和调控基因转录方面具有关键的作用。其中CDK12/CDK13在DNA损伤应答、RNA剪接调控、转录及细胞周期调控等方面至关重要。近年发现CDK12/CDK13在多种癌症中表达异常或发生突变,在癌症发展中扮演着重要角色,已成为近年来研究的热点之一。本篇基于Google Scholar、PubMed和万方数据库,归纳总结了CDK12/CDK13的基本结构、生物学功能、与恶性肿瘤的相关性、以及针对性抑制剂的研究进展进行综述。为后续的靶向治疗新型靶点的研发和机制探讨提供方向,为恶性肿瘤的防治、诊断以及治疗提供新思路。

CDK12、STAT3在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与病理参数的关系

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12(CDK12)、信号转导及转录活化因子3(STAT3)表达情况及与病理参数的关系。方法 选取我院2016年1月至2019年12月收治的123例(均完成3年随访)女性乳腺癌患者为研究对象,采用免疫组化法检测乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织中CDK12、STAT3的表达情况。比较不同病理参数乳腺癌组织中CDK12、STAT3的表达情况,并分析CDK12、STAT3表达与病理参数及患者预后的关系。结果 乳腺癌组织中CDK12、STAT3阳性表达率均高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。乳腺癌组织CDK12、STAT3阳性表达率:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,无淋巴结转移低于有淋巴结转移;不同分化程度乳腺癌组织CDK12、STAT3阳性率差异显著(P<0.05)。乳腺癌组织中CDK12、STAT3阳性表达率与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关,与分化程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。CDK12、STAT3阳性乳腺癌患者的3年生存率分别低于其阴性患者(P<0.05)。结论 乳腺癌患者组织中CDK12、STAT3呈现高表达,与乳腺癌的临床分期、淋巴结转移及预后有紧密关系,可作为临床判断病情、评估预后的有效指标。