Fast Learning in Spiking Neural Networks by Learning Rate Adaptation

For accelerating the supervised learning by the SpikeProp algorithm with the temporal coding paradigm in spiking neural networks (SNNs), three learning rate adaptation methods (heuristic rule, delta-delta rule, and delta-bar-delta rule), which are used to speed up training in artificial neural networks, are used to develop the training algorithms for feedforward SNN. The performance of these algorithms is investigated by four experiments: classical XOR (exclusive or) problem, Iris dataset, fault diagnosis in the Tennessee Eastman process, and Poisson trains of discrete spikes. The results demonstrate that all the three learning rate adaptation methods are able to speed up convergence of SNN compared with the original SpikeProp algorithm. Furthermore, if the adaptive learning rate is used in combination with the momentum term, the two modifications will balance each other in a beneficial way to accomplish rapid and steady convergence. In the three learning rate adaptation methods, delta-bar-delta rule performs the best. The delta-bar-delta method with momentum has the fastest convergence rate, the greatest stability of training process, and the maximum accuracy of network learning. The proposed algorithms in this paper are simple and efficient, and consequently valuable for practical applications of SNN.

Throughput Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Multirate WLANs with Collision Aware Rate Adaptation Algorithm

This paper presents a mathematical model that analyzes the throughput of the IEEE 802.11b distributed coordination function （DCF） with the collision aware rate adaptation （CARA） algorithm. IEEE 802.11 WLANs provide multiple transmission rates to improve system throughput by adapting the transmission rate to the current channel conditions. The system throughput is determined by some stations using low transmission rates due to bad channel conditions. CARA algorithm does not disturb the existing IEEE 802.11b formats and it can be easily incorporated into the commercial wireless local area networks （WLAN） devices. Finally, we verify our findings with simulation.

三种改进的LMS算法应用于宽带CDMA中的窄带干扰抑制

本文应用三种改进的ＬＭＳ算法，采用最简单的自适应线性预测器（ＡＬＰ），抑制码分多址（ＣＤＭＡ）中的窄带干扰（ＮＢＩ），以实现ＣＤＭＡ系统与现有模拟和数字窄带系统兼容运行。通过计算机模拟，从跟踪能力和运算量等方面对三种改进的ＬＭＳ算法进行比较分析，得出了一些结论。

Joint Optimization of Admission Control and Rate Adaptation for Video Sharing over Multirate Wireless Community Cloud

Emerging wireless community cloud enables usergenerated video content to be shared and consumed in a social context. However, the nature of shared wireless medium and timevarying channels seriously limits the quality of service(QoS), partially owing to the lack of mechanisms for effectively utilizing multi-rate channel resources. In this paper, the joint optimization of admission control and rate adaptation is proposed, resulting in a bandwidth-aware rate-adaptive admission control(BRAC) scheme to provide bandwidth guarantee for sharing social multimedia contents. The analytical approach leads to the following major contributions:(1) a bandwidth-aware rate selection(BRS) algorithm to optimally meet the bandwidth requirement of the data session and channel conditions at the physical layer;(2) a routing-coupled rate adaption and admission control algorithm to admit data sessions with bandwidth guarantee. Moreover, extensive numerical simulations suggest that BRAC is efficient and effective in meeting the bandwidth requirements for sharing social multimedia contents. These insights will shed light on communication system implementation for multimedia content sharing over multirate wireless community cloud.

Rate Adaptation for Decoding-and-Forward Relay Channel by Random Projections Codes

This paper investigates rate adaptation schemes for decoding-and-forward (DF) relay system based on random projections codes (RPC). We consider a classic three node relay system model, where relay node performs on half-duplex mode. Then, we give out receiving diversity relay scheme and coding diversity relay scheme, and present their jointly decoding methods. Furthermore, we discuss the performance of the two schemes with different power allocation coefficients. Simulations show that our relay schemes can achieve different gain with the help of relay node. And, we should allocate power to source node to just guarantee relay node can decode successfully, and allocate remain power to relay node as far as possible. In this way, this DF relay system not only achieves diversity gain, but also achieves higher and smooth spectrum efficiency.

A NEW DESIGN METHOD OF CDMA SPREADING CODES BASED ON MULTI-RATE UNITARY FILTER BANK

It is well-known that the multi-valued CDMA spreading codes can be designed by means of a pair of mirror multi-rate filter banks based on some optimizing criterion. This paper indicates that there exists a theoretical bound in the performance of its circulating correlation property, which is given by an explicit expression. Based on this analysis, a criterion of maximizing entropy is proposed to design such codes. Computer simulation result suggests that the resulted codes outperform the conventional binary balanced Gold codes for an asynchronous CDMA system.

On the Performance of Blind Chip Rate Estimation in Multi-Rate CDMA Transmissions Using Multi-Rate Sampling in Slow Flat Fading Channels

This paper considers blind chip rate estimation of DS-SS signals in multi-rate and multi-user DS-CDMA systems over channels having slow flat Rayleigh fading plus additive white Gaussian noise. Channel impulse response is estimated by a subspace method, and then the chip rate of each signal is estimated using zero crossing of estimated differential channel impulse response. For chip rate estimation of each user, an algorithm which uses weighted zero-crossing ratio is proposed. Maximum value of the weighted zero crossing ratio takes place in the Nyquist rate sampling frequency, which equals to the twice of the chip rate. Furthermore, bit time of each user is estimated using fluctuations of autocorrelation estimators. Since code length of each user can be obtained using bit time and chip time ratio. Fading channels reduce reliability factor of the proposed algo-rithm. To overcome this problem, a receiver with multiple antennas is proposed, and the reliability factor of the proposed algorithm is analyzed over both spatially correlated and independent fading channels.

基于最小误码率准则的多载波CDMA系统多用户检测算法

本文介绍了一种将正交频分复用(OFDM)技术和码分多址(CDMA)技术相结合的多载波CDMA(MC-CDMA)系统,分析了MC-CDMA系统的发射端和接收端的结构,建立了MC-CDMA系统的信号模型,详细分析了MC-CDMA中的多址干扰形式,以及针对MC-CDMA系统的多用户检测原理,提出了一种基于最小误码率准则的多用户检测算法。理想的基于最小误码率准则的多用户检测算法在实际中难于实现,本文采用估计概率密度函数的方法,推导出了一种自适应实现的最小误码率多用户检测算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效抑制多址干扰,降低误码率,同时,该算法还具有比基于最小均方误差准则的多用户检测器更低的误码率的优点。

Fairness Aware Rate Adaptation and Proportional Scheduling for IEEE 802.11 WLANs Using FSE

With its rapid development in the wireless markets, IEEE 802.11 WLAN is experiencing a huge popularity. However, due to the limitation of frequency bandwidth of WLANs, it is essential that the available radio resource should be fully utilized to offer different services to multiple users. In order to maximize system throughput while still guaranteeing the fairness among users, a proportional fairness based algorithm is proposed in this work. Since most of the previous resource allocation algorithms were simply based on the channel conditions without taking into account user's demand, in this paper, we introduce the theory of fuzzy synthetic evaluation(FSE) which also allows us to consider user's demand as an important factor. As such, the fairness among users can be improved based on different users' requirements for services. In addition, a channel state information based rate adaptation scheme is also proposed. Through simulation studies, the results clearly validate that our proposed scheme shows advantages on providing user fairness while still improving the system throughput.

A Joint Mobility Management Approach and Data Rate Adaptation Algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Nodes

This paper presents an original approach to reduce energy consumption in an IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee cluster tree network related to a backbone network. Our approach uses an enhanced mobility management of end devices combined with a rate adaptation algorithm. The mobility management approach anticipates link disruption and relies on a speculative algorithm that does not require scanning neighbor cells. The joint mobility management and rate adaptation methods are based on the link quality indicator (LQI). It is demonstrated that even in a noisy environment, the energy consumption as well as the latency of mobile devices can be significantly reduced.

一种新的多用户多速率自适应MC-DS-CDMA传输方案

从有效利用网络资源的角度出发,结合OFDMA的动态资源分配策略,提出了一种灵活支持多用户多速率业务的改进MC-DS-CDMA传输方案--自适应MC-DS-CDMA系统。仿真结果表明,自适应MC-DS-CDMA系统由于采用了多用户自适应的子载波分配策略,不仅可灵活支持多速率业务,而且能降低系统的发射总功率,进一步改善了系统性能。

基于CDMA和MPEG-4的移动视频监控的实现

在该移动视频监控系统中,采用MSTFP模型来预测CDMA无线网络下一时刻的有效带宽。以此为基础,结合H.263与XVID代码中调节器的设计,设计并实现了基于缓存容量反馈控制法的自适应码率控制策略。实验表明,通过CDMA网络传输,视频速率与信道速率得到了良好匹配,实现视频很好的传输与显示。

软件无线电结构的智能天线在CDMA系统中的应用

在ＣＤＭＡ蜂窝移动通信系统中应用智能天线技术，可以减少用户间由于伪随机码的互相关而引起的多址干扰，降低由于多径传输所造成的接收信号的衰落程度，增加系统容量，提高系统性能。软件无线电具有结构简便、应用灵活等特点，为智能天线技术的发展提供了有力的支持。

MC-CDMA系统中自适应调制算法的性能分析

自适应调制能提高系统的频谱利用率和改善系统的误码率性能。该文提出了一种将自适应调制算法与MC-CDMA技术相结合的方案。采用这种方案的自适应MC-CDMA系统在获得频率分集增益和有效频谱利用率的同时,还能获得很好的误码率性能。文章分析了提出的自适应MC-CDMA系统的性能,并通过仿真结果说明了合并方式和信道环境都将影响自适应调制算法在MC-CDMA中应用的有效性。

DS-CDMA调制技术在矿井巷道中的通信性能分析

提出适合于矿井巷道信道特点的高效无线调制技术,根据沿矿井巷道宽带无线电波传播时延及所建立的基于Nakagami分布的矿井巷道宽带统计分段信道模型,研究了在1.8GHz和2.4GHz这2个典型UHF频段下直接序列扩频码分多址接入(DS-CDMA)调制技术在矿井巷道中的宽带无线通信性能。矿井DS-CDMA通信系统可有效地利用多径信号提高系统的性能。如在相同的矿井巷道环境下,2.4GHz的系统可分离的信号多径数多,使其误码率性能优于1.8GHz的系统。多普勒频移和脉冲干扰对矿井DS-CDMA通信系统误码率性能有很大影响。当多普勒频移和脉冲干扰很大时,系统的误码率性能下降严重,2.4GHz系统的误码率性能可能劣于1.8GHz系统。

CDMA通信系统自适应功率控制仿真的研究

在无线通信CDMA(码分多址)系统中,给出了一种联合功率控制与多用户检测的两步迭代功率控制算法,并通过数值仿真与传统的功率控制算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,该控制方法不仅节省了总功率、而且有更快的收敛速度,并能支持更多的用户。

MMSE自适应检测器的CDMA系统性能分析

文章主要分析了最小均方误差 (MMSE)自适应检测器应用于CDMA系统的性能 ,建立了系统信号模型 ,给出了计算误码率的公式。并且将MMSE自适应检测器的性能与最佳单用户检测性能进行了比较 ,得出了MMSE自适应检测器性能要优于最佳单用户检测的结论。

同步CDMA系统的一种次最优的2维Rake接收机

本文研究自适应阵列与多用户接收相结合的检测技术 ,给出了同步CDMA的一种次最优 2维Rake接收机。通过计算机仿真 ,与传统的 2维Rake接收机作了比较 ,说明这种接收机克服了传统接收机具有的空间相关效应和远近效应。文中最后分析了联合的自适应阵列和多用户接收在蜂窝环境下的容量 ,指出两种技术的结合能弥补各自的缺陷 ,从而大大提高系统的容量。

CDMA系统中一种新的基于MMSE多用户检测的自适应功率控制算法

功率控制技术是CDMA通信系统中克服“远-近效应”,降低多址干扰、增大系统容量的一项关键技术。第三代移动通信系统对功率控制提出了新的研究课题。在本文提出CDMA系统中一种新的自适应功率控制和MMSE多用户检测的联合优化的算法,仿真结果表明,这种新的联合优化算法对提高系统容量,改善系统性能有很大的作用。

自适应RBF神经网络在CDMA移动通信上行链路功率控制中的应用研究

提出了一种自适应RBF神经网络功率控制方案。详细研究了该网络在DS-CDMA通信中,进行上行链路闭环功率控制(基于信扰比(SIR))的应用理论,给出了该网络参数的计算方法。最后用计算机仿真法模拟出该控制器的运行性能。结果表明基于SIR的自适应RBF神经网络功率控制器能自适应地调整移动台的发射功率,使基站接收信号的信扰比始终非常接近于一个常数,且有比定步长功率控制更小的SIR跟踪误差,从而可以降低接收信号的中断概率、提高信道容量。