Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation...Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation GPP provides insight into the spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sinks,aiding efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change.In this study,we utilized the precipitation and temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI),the standardized precipitation index(SPI),and the simulated vegetation GPP using the eddy covariance-light use efficiency(EC-LUE)model to analyze the spatiotemporal change of GPP and its response to different drought indices in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982-2018.The main findings indicated that vegetation GPP decreased in 50.53% of the plateau,mainly in its northern and northeastern parts,while it increased in the remaining 49.47%area.Specifically,meadow steppe(78.92%)and deciduous forest(79.46%)witnessed a significant decrease in vegetation GPP,while alpine steppe(75.08%),cropland(76.27%),and sandy vegetation(87.88%)recovered well.Warming aridification areas accounted for 71.39% of the affected areas,while 28.53% of the areas underwent severe aridification,mainly located in the south and central regions.Notably,the warming aridification areas of desert steppe(92.68%)and sandy vegetation(90.24%)were significant.Climate warming was found to amplify the sensitivity of coniferous forest,deciduous forest,meadow steppe,and alpine steppe GPP to drought.Additionally,the drought sensitivity of vegetation GPP in the Mongolian Plateau gradually decreased as altitude increased.The cumulative effect of drought on vegetation GPP persisted for 3.00-8.00 months.The findings of this study will improve the understanding of how drought influences vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
ZPE(zero-point energy)is a concept in physics that refers to the lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical physical system can have.It is the energy that remains even at absolute zero temperature,where al...ZPE(zero-point energy)is a concept in physics that refers to the lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical physical system can have.It is the energy that remains even at absolute zero temperature,where all classical forms of energy are assumed to be absent.Within quantum physics,the idea of ZPE is well-established.According to quantum field theory,quantum fields fluctuate even in empty space,resulting in a constant emergence and disappearance of particles and antiparticles.The ZPE comes from these fluctuations.ZPE can be used as a useful energy source;however,this idea is still up for discussion.ZPE has occasionally been linked in popular culture to pseudoscientific claims about“free energy”and perpetual motion machines.These assertions are usually unfounded and go beyond what is currently known about ZPE.There are currently no practical applications or tools that can extract useful energy from ZPE,even though it has fascinating theoretical implications and has been researched in the context of quantum field theory.Within the confines of currently understood physics,researchers are still exploring the concept’s potential ramifications and uses.展开更多
The discovery of scalar energy many years ago has mostly been ignored since then.Scalar energy is still misunderstood,underappreciated,and underutilized today.To comprehend the future,one must look back at the past.Sc...The discovery of scalar energy many years ago has mostly been ignored since then.Scalar energy is still misunderstood,underappreciated,and underutilized today.To comprehend the future,one must look back at the past.Scalar energy was first discovered by Scottish physicist James Clark Maxwell,who was born in 1831.Maxwell made significant advances in mathematical physics.He developed the theories relating to electromagnetic fields and radiation.Maxwell’s discoveries were advanced by Nikola Tesla,who also created instruments that demonstrated the presence of scalar energy.Nicola Tesla discovered an electromagnetic longitudinal wave in the early 1900s.It is capable of lossless energy transmission over great distances,lossless power transmission through solid metal objects,and wireless energy transmission.In this patent,Tesla neither named it nor provided a description of how it operated.Now,in the twenty-first century,it is referred to as LSWs(longitudinal scalar waves).Instantaneous longitudinal waves called scalars cover the entire field.In contrast to electromagnetic waves,which are transverse and move along an axis in a certain direction,they do not propagate along an axis or have a direction.As“vector”waves,electromagnetic waves lose power as they travel farther and pass through solid metal objects.Scalar waves also offer a unique property that Tesla does not include in his patent,which concentrates on the transportation of energy.These waves can transmit information as well.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361024,42101030,42261079,and 41961058)the Talent Project of Science and Technology in Inner Mongolia of China(NJYT22027 and NJYT23019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,China(2022JBBJ014 and 2022JBQN093)。
文摘Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation GPP provides insight into the spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sinks,aiding efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change.In this study,we utilized the precipitation and temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI),the standardized precipitation index(SPI),and the simulated vegetation GPP using the eddy covariance-light use efficiency(EC-LUE)model to analyze the spatiotemporal change of GPP and its response to different drought indices in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982-2018.The main findings indicated that vegetation GPP decreased in 50.53% of the plateau,mainly in its northern and northeastern parts,while it increased in the remaining 49.47%area.Specifically,meadow steppe(78.92%)and deciduous forest(79.46%)witnessed a significant decrease in vegetation GPP,while alpine steppe(75.08%),cropland(76.27%),and sandy vegetation(87.88%)recovered well.Warming aridification areas accounted for 71.39% of the affected areas,while 28.53% of the areas underwent severe aridification,mainly located in the south and central regions.Notably,the warming aridification areas of desert steppe(92.68%)and sandy vegetation(90.24%)were significant.Climate warming was found to amplify the sensitivity of coniferous forest,deciduous forest,meadow steppe,and alpine steppe GPP to drought.Additionally,the drought sensitivity of vegetation GPP in the Mongolian Plateau gradually decreased as altitude increased.The cumulative effect of drought on vegetation GPP persisted for 3.00-8.00 months.The findings of this study will improve the understanding of how drought influences vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.
文摘ZPE(zero-point energy)is a concept in physics that refers to the lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical physical system can have.It is the energy that remains even at absolute zero temperature,where all classical forms of energy are assumed to be absent.Within quantum physics,the idea of ZPE is well-established.According to quantum field theory,quantum fields fluctuate even in empty space,resulting in a constant emergence and disappearance of particles and antiparticles.The ZPE comes from these fluctuations.ZPE can be used as a useful energy source;however,this idea is still up for discussion.ZPE has occasionally been linked in popular culture to pseudoscientific claims about“free energy”and perpetual motion machines.These assertions are usually unfounded and go beyond what is currently known about ZPE.There are currently no practical applications or tools that can extract useful energy from ZPE,even though it has fascinating theoretical implications and has been researched in the context of quantum field theory.Within the confines of currently understood physics,researchers are still exploring the concept’s potential ramifications and uses.
文摘The discovery of scalar energy many years ago has mostly been ignored since then.Scalar energy is still misunderstood,underappreciated,and underutilized today.To comprehend the future,one must look back at the past.Scalar energy was first discovered by Scottish physicist James Clark Maxwell,who was born in 1831.Maxwell made significant advances in mathematical physics.He developed the theories relating to electromagnetic fields and radiation.Maxwell’s discoveries were advanced by Nikola Tesla,who also created instruments that demonstrated the presence of scalar energy.Nicola Tesla discovered an electromagnetic longitudinal wave in the early 1900s.It is capable of lossless energy transmission over great distances,lossless power transmission through solid metal objects,and wireless energy transmission.In this patent,Tesla neither named it nor provided a description of how it operated.Now,in the twenty-first century,it is referred to as LSWs(longitudinal scalar waves).Instantaneous longitudinal waves called scalars cover the entire field.In contrast to electromagnetic waves,which are transverse and move along an axis in a certain direction,they do not propagate along an axis or have a direction.As“vector”waves,electromagnetic waves lose power as they travel farther and pass through solid metal objects.Scalar waves also offer a unique property that Tesla does not include in his patent,which concentrates on the transportation of energy.These waves can transmit information as well.
