Evaluation of Notifiable Disease Surveillance System in Centenary District, Zimbabwe, 2016

Background: Notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS) data guides immediate action for events of public health importance. In July 2016, 12 patients suspected of typhoid were reported to Centenary District Medical Officer by phone. Following reporting, notification forms (T1) were not submitted to district, hence province did not receive district consolidated report (T2) for the notifications. This implies underreporting of notifiable diseases. Study was conducted to evaluate NDSS in Centenary district. Methods: Using updated Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among health workers sampled from all health facilities in Centenary district. Interviewer administered questionnaire and checklists were used to collect data, assess data quality and resource availability. Epi InfoTM 7 generated frequencies and proportions. Results: We interviewed 50 respondents from 13 health facilities and 64% were females. Health worker knowledge was rated low, 26% knew whom to notify and 40% knew forms are completed in triplicate. Reasons for failure to notify notifiable diseases included, unavailability of reporting forms 32% and lack of reporting guidelines 16%. Ninety-two percent were willing to participate. Four health facilities had at least six standard case definitions. The first two patients were only diagnosed at district level. NDSS information was used to procure antirabies vaccine and implement control measures. Conclusion: NDSS is useful, acceptable, unstable and not sensitive. Failure to notify was mainly due to lack of knowledge on NDSS. We recommend training of health workers and mentoring. Fifteen (IEC) case definitions and reporting guidelines were distributed to five health facilities.

The Centenary of the CPC: Leading the Times by Grasping the Laws and Trends of Historical Development

Discussions on grasping the laws and trends of historical development take a fundamental theoretical position in the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.Xi Jinping’s important statements have systematically answered such questions as what type of laws and trends of historical development should be followed,how did the Party follow the laws and trends of historical development in its centennial history,and how should the laws and trends of historical development be followed in a new era.The birth of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the victory of China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and the unveiling of a new era for reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics are all the results of grasping the laws and trends of historical development.Over the past century,the Party has followed the laws and trends of historical development and continuously advanced the sinicization of Marxism on the basis of adhering to the unification between truth and values.In pursuit of“putting people first,”the Party has courageously been reforming itself and made relentless progress in the great endeavor of Party building.History shows that a keen appreciation of the laws and trends of historical development is an important sign of political maturity for a proletarian party.Only by applying Marxism according to current times and conditions will we keep abreast with the laws and trends of historical development.We should establish a broader concept of history and identify the laws and trends of historical development from the interactions and linkages between China and the rest of the world.We must recognize and promote the outstanding role of great leaders in steering the country in line with the laws and trends of historical development.

Poet Zang Kejia Talks About Mao Zedong’s Poetry—Commemorating Mao Zedong’s Centenary

ZANG Kejla was already a well-known fi-gure in Chinese literary circles during the1930s.Mao Zedong used to invite him tothe Qingzheng Hall to talk about poetry and edita few pieces,and the two became good friends.AsMao’s 100th birthday approached,I visited thepoet to talk with him about the late chairman’spoetry.Mao Zedong is a name known across theworld.A great revolutionary,politician and mili-tary scientist,he was also a poet at heart.Someforeign observers once wondered that“a poet hadcreated a new China.”His pieces have a veryrevolutionary flavor that recount to his readers

Preface to the Special Issue on Commemorating the Centenary of Duzheng YE's Birth

Prof. Duzheng YE （also spelt Tu-Cheng Yeh） was one of the main founders of modern meteorology in China. He devoted himself to the Earth sciences for more than 70 years, during which time his contributions, to name just a few, included establishing Tibetan Plateau meteorology; developing the theory of atmospheric longwave energy dispersion, and therefore providing the theoretical basis for modern weather forecasting.

TACKLING CENTENARY CHANGES AT GLOBAL LEVEL

Although global governance was not a widely recognizable concept until the end of the Cold War,its practice can be traced back to the history of international relations as some of the countries had the experience in solving common problems through transnational coordination.At present,"profound changes unseen for a century"call for more effective common solution on the global plane.

US Owes Moral Debt to Centenary Games

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On the Centenary of the Spanish Flu: Being Prepared for the Next Pandemic

Influenza is one of the oldest infectious diseases affecting humans. Every influenza pandemic in history has ended with disastrous outcomes regarding public health and the social economy. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Spanish flu (H1N1) outbreak of 1918, which is recognized as the most lethal natural event in recent history.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROF.ZHU KEZHEN TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF METEOROLOGY IN CHINA——IN MEMORY OF HIS CENTENARY BIRTHDAY

The year of 1990 is the 100th anniversary of birth of Prof.Zhu Kezhen(Chu Kochen),a great founder of China’s modern meteorology who devoted all his life to its flourishingin the country.It has long been a generally-accepted fact that our meteorology of today,in both practical and theoretical aspects,is owed to his enormous contribution.We publishthe special issue of the journal just to cherish the memory of his contribution and of his

Thoughts on China’s Participation in Global Marine Governance under the Centennial Changes

As China embarks on its new journey toward its second centenary goal,profound changes are expected in the geopolitical order and capacity of China’s global marine governance participation.The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated an evolution unseen in more than a century.A significant power game is expected to continue to play out at sea,with global marine governance being put under pressure and security issues becoming more prominent.China’s global marine governance participation has been endowed with more moral responsibilities and expectations.In the new development stage of building a modern socialist country in all respects,the objectives,principles,and paths of China’s participation in global marine governance are expected to be further clarified.In its new"dual circulation strategy"development pattern,China puts more resources into marine governance.To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and build itself as a major maritime power,the"maritime community with a shared future"proposed by China is expected to enter a new stage.From conception to implementation,China’s global marine governance contribution will be more prominent.

Evolution of Principal Contradiction Facing Chinese Society and the CPC Leadership over Economic Work

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has separated China’s evolving principal social contradictions into four different stages.Based on the assessment of principal social contradictions at different points in time,the CPC enacted different economic policies.During 1949-1956,based on the recognition of class struggle as China’s principal social contradiction,the Party focused its economic policies on socialist transformation and established the foundation for the public sector of the economy.During 1956-1978,amid flip-flops in the Party’s assessment of whether class struggle or backward productive forces were the principal contradiction,China’s economic development suffered some setbacks,but the vision for building an industrial country remained unchanged,and resources were focused on developing major national industrial projects.During 1978-2019,the Party focused on economic development and reform and opening up in pursuit of the realization of grand economic development goals based on the assessment that China’s principal social contradiction was between people’s ever-growing material and cultural needs and China’s relatively backward social productive forces.In 2017,the 19th CPC National Congress made the important political assessment that China’s principal social contradiction had transformed into the contradiction between people’s ever-growing need for a better life and China’s unbalanced and inadequate development,and proposed new development concepts to lead the Chinese people on a new journey towards the second centennial goal.The most important experience of the CPC’s economic work is analyzing and solving problems based on Marxist ideology and methodology.

Foreword to the Special Issue

On May 12,2019 we shall celebrate the centenary birthday of the late Professor Wu Wen-Tsun (1919-2017),one of the most famous and influential mathematicians in China.Wu made foundational contributions to the field of topology and established Mathematics Mechanization as a discipline.He devoted himself to an academic career of more than six decades with leadership and extensive activities of research and education across mathematics to computer science and artificial intelligence.The scope of his research spans from algebraic topology, differential topology,and algebraic geometry to automated reasoning,symbolic computation, and game theory,and to the history of mathematics.His early work in topology was a major breakthrough,leading to well-known and now classical results including the characteristic class and formulas named after Wu.In the late 1970s,he pioneered the research of Mathematics Mechanization through his invention of the "Wu method",which revolutionized the field of automated reasoning.

U.S. Action, EU Reaction

Ahead of the centenary commemoration of the end of World War I in Paris last month,an important time for theintemational community to draw lessons from today's peacekeeping efforts,French President Emmanuel Macron called for the formation of"a true European army"in a radio interview.In her address to the European Parliament,German Chancellor Angela Merkel echoed Macron,saying."One day,we should work on a vision to create a real,true European army."