中国经营者股票期权(CESO)激励制度的发展与实践

文章分析ESO的发展趋势 ,研究非上市公司推行ESO的变通方法 ,然后总结出中国试行ESO的几种实践模式及其特点 。

基于CESO的SIDO Buck-Boost变换器自抗扰控制策略

针对单电感双输出Buck-Boost变换器两输出支路va和vb间存在交叉影响,暂态性能差等问题,提出一种基于级联扩张状态观测器(CESO)的自抗扰控制(ADRC)策略.首先,根据ADRC理论将主路和支路分别拟合为相互独立的系统,减少支路间的交叉影响;其次,设计CESO对系统总扰动进行估计,消除因传统扩张状态观测器不完全估计而造成的观测残差,并利用CESO对电路传感器高频噪声的抑制作用,进一步提高观测值的估计精度;然后,将观测值作用于ADRC的状态误差反馈控制率,以提高系统的暂态性能;最后,利用Lyapunov理论证明了控制系统的闭环稳定性.仿真结果表明:本文所提控制策略有效减小了两输出支路va和vb间的交叉影响,同时提高了系统的暂态性能.

基于级联扩张状态观测器的VIENNA整流器无权重无模型预测控制

针对VIENNA整流器在复杂工况下存在精确模型构建复杂及权重系数整定困难的问题,提出一种基于级联扩张状态观测器的无权重无模型预测控制策略。首先,构造超局部模型来替代整流器精确模型,降低模型参数依赖性;其次,设计级联扩张状态观测器来观测超局部模型的集总扰动,提高估计精度和噪声抑制能力;最后,建立串行代价函数以消除权重因子,实现无权重无模型预测控制。实验结果验证了所提控制策略具有良好的动态响应及较强的鲁棒性。

野西瓜挥发油对HepG-2细胞线粒体膜电位和Ca^(2+)浓度的影响

目的:探讨野西瓜挥发油(Capparis spinosa L.essential oil,CSEO)对人肝癌HepG-2抑制生长和诱导凋亡作用及其机制。方法:MTT法研究CSEO对人肝癌HepG-2的抑制生长;荧光显微镜观察HepG-2细胞形态;流式细胞仪研究CSEO对HepG-2细胞周期的影响及诱导凋亡作用,罗丹明123单染观察CSEO对线粒体膜电位的改变;激光共聚焦显微镜检测CSEO对HepG-2细胞内Ca2+浓度的影响。结果:CSEO对人肝癌HepG-2细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用,并且有剂量依赖性,IC50为127.5μg·mL-1;CSEO作用48h后,HepG-2细胞在出现特征性凋亡形态特征,300μg·mL-1组的凋亡细胞比率高达44.447%;75和150μg·mL-1下出现G1期细胞阻滞,S期细胞比例下降,G2期细胞比例下降的趋势;CSEO各组线粒体膜电位(Δψm)有所降低,表现为曲线相左移行,此外,中、高浓度的CSEO还可以显著增加细胞内Ca2+浓度。结论:CSEO对人肝癌HepG-2有明显的抑制生长和诱导凋亡作用,其机制可能与线粒体膜电位降低和钙超载有关。

Effect on apoptosis、mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca^(2+) concentration in HepG-2 by CSEO

Objective To study on the mechanism of growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect of total alkaloid in the CSEO(Capparis spinosa L.essential oil,CSEO)on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2.Methods The growth inhibiting effect of the CSEO on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2 was measured by MTT method.Morphological observation of the HepG-2 cells was completed by fluorescence microscope.The changing of mitochondrion membrane potential induced by CSEO was observed by staining with Rhodamine123.Effect of the CSEO on intracellular Ca2+ level of the HepG-2 cells was measured by laser confocal microscope.Results The CESO has obvious growth inhibiting effect on the HepG-2 and seems to be dose-dependent,and its IC50 is 127.5 μg·mL-1.The characteristic apoptosis morpha of HepG-2 cells has been observed,and the apoptosis percentage increase to 44.447% in the 300 μg·mL-1 dosage group.In addition,the progress of cells cycle of G1 period has been blocked,and the cellular proportion in S and G2 period is decreased in the 75 μg·mL-1 and 150 μg·mL-1 dosage groups by the function of CSEO for 48 h.The mitochondria membrane potential(Δψm)effected by CESO is decreased,while the curve moves toward left.In addition,the intracellular Ca2+ level is increased by the function of CESO in the middle and high dose groups.Conclusions The CESO has obviously growth inhibiting and apoptosis inducing effect on human hepatocarcinoma cell Line HepG-2 by the mechanism of decreasing the mitochondria membrane potential and increasing the intracellular Ca2+ level.