【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季...【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季进行试验,以‘济麦22’为供试材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,尿素类型处理(T)为主区,施用深度处理(D)为裂区。尿素类型包括普通尿素处理(T1,基追比为4∶6)与普通和控释尿素配施处理(T2,普通尿素、硫包膜尿素、树脂包膜尿素以4∶3∶3混合一次性基施),施用深度为地下5 cm (D1)与10 cm (D2)。测定了开花后旗叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP),及不同生育时期地上植株氮素积累量。【结果】2年试验结果表明,相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦有效穗数和千粒重,对穗粒数影响不显著;施用深度对2016—2017年千粒重影响显著,对2年单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数影响不显著;普通和控释尿素配合深施处理(T2D2)产量显著高于其它处理。尿素类型和施用深度对气体交换参数影响显著,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理可显著提高花后旗叶净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),显著降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),相对延长了高光合持续期。普通和控释尿素配合处理较普通尿素处理显著提高了旗叶光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心对光能的吸收(φPo)、转化(φEo)以及电子在电子传递链中转移的效率(ψo);显著改善了电子传递链供体侧(Wk)和受体侧(Vj)性能,有效提高了产量形成期光合性能的稳定性。同一尿素类型下,深施处理对光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能的改善大于浅施处理。相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦生育中后期植株氮素积累量;相较于浅施处理,深施处理对冬小麦不同生育期氮素积累均有不同程度的提高。除对2016—2017年氮素生理利用率(NPE)影响不显著外,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理显著提高了2年冬小麦氮肥农学利用效率(NAE)、氮肥偏肥生产力(PEPN)、成熟期氮肥表观回收率(NRE)和2015—2016年氮素利用效率。【结论】普通尿素与控释尿素配合深施可显著提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能,促进氮素利用,增加产量,有利于冬小麦产量与氮肥利用之间的协同提高,省时增效效果明显,是本试验中最佳组合模式。展开更多
Objective To discuss the reason why human M Ⅱ oocytes failed to fertilize after IVF and ICSI. Methods The unfertilized human MⅡ oocytes were collected 24-48 h after IVF and ICSI and stained for immunoflurescence and...Objective To discuss the reason why human M Ⅱ oocytes failed to fertilize after IVF and ICSI. Methods The unfertilized human MⅡ oocytes were collected 24-48 h after IVF and ICSI and stained for immunoflurescence and PI counterstain. The types of fertilization failure were identified under the fluorescence microscopy. Results About 55.8% oocytes in IVF were found no sperm in them, which were more than that in ICSI (9.7%) (P〈0.01). About 14.9% oocytes in IVF and 58.1% in ICSI displayed oocyte activation failure. The difference was significant (P〈0.01). Defects in pronuclear formation and or migration was found in a similar proportion of oocytes both after IVF (25.3%) and ICSI (32.3%)(P〉0.05). There were 3.9% oocytes with other abnormalities were observed in IVF but none in ICSI. Conclusion The main reason of fertilization failure after IVF was no sperm penetration. However fertilization failure after ICSI was mainly associated with incomplete oocyte activation.展开更多
文摘【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季进行试验,以‘济麦22’为供试材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,尿素类型处理(T)为主区,施用深度处理(D)为裂区。尿素类型包括普通尿素处理(T1,基追比为4∶6)与普通和控释尿素配施处理(T2,普通尿素、硫包膜尿素、树脂包膜尿素以4∶3∶3混合一次性基施),施用深度为地下5 cm (D1)与10 cm (D2)。测定了开花后旗叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP),及不同生育时期地上植株氮素积累量。【结果】2年试验结果表明,相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦有效穗数和千粒重,对穗粒数影响不显著;施用深度对2016—2017年千粒重影响显著,对2年单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数影响不显著;普通和控释尿素配合深施处理(T2D2)产量显著高于其它处理。尿素类型和施用深度对气体交换参数影响显著,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理可显著提高花后旗叶净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),显著降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),相对延长了高光合持续期。普通和控释尿素配合处理较普通尿素处理显著提高了旗叶光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心对光能的吸收(φPo)、转化(φEo)以及电子在电子传递链中转移的效率(ψo);显著改善了电子传递链供体侧(Wk)和受体侧(Vj)性能,有效提高了产量形成期光合性能的稳定性。同一尿素类型下,深施处理对光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能的改善大于浅施处理。相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦生育中后期植株氮素积累量;相较于浅施处理,深施处理对冬小麦不同生育期氮素积累均有不同程度的提高。除对2016—2017年氮素生理利用率(NPE)影响不显著外,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理显著提高了2年冬小麦氮肥农学利用效率(NAE)、氮肥偏肥生产力(PEPN)、成熟期氮肥表观回收率(NRE)和2015—2016年氮素利用效率。【结论】普通尿素与控释尿素配合深施可显著提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能,促进氮素利用,增加产量,有利于冬小麦产量与氮肥利用之间的协同提高,省时增效效果明显,是本试验中最佳组合模式。
文摘Objective To discuss the reason why human M Ⅱ oocytes failed to fertilize after IVF and ICSI. Methods The unfertilized human MⅡ oocytes were collected 24-48 h after IVF and ICSI and stained for immunoflurescence and PI counterstain. The types of fertilization failure were identified under the fluorescence microscopy. Results About 55.8% oocytes in IVF were found no sperm in them, which were more than that in ICSI (9.7%) (P〈0.01). About 14.9% oocytes in IVF and 58.1% in ICSI displayed oocyte activation failure. The difference was significant (P〈0.01). Defects in pronuclear formation and or migration was found in a similar proportion of oocytes both after IVF (25.3%) and ICSI (32.3%)(P〉0.05). There were 3.9% oocytes with other abnormalities were observed in IVF but none in ICSI. Conclusion The main reason of fertilization failure after IVF was no sperm penetration. However fertilization failure after ICSI was mainly associated with incomplete oocyte activation.