Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method simulation of stirred tank reactor for graphene production

Liquid phase exfoliation(LPE)process for graphene production is usually carried out in stirred tank reactor and the interactions between the solvent and the graphite particles are important as to improve the production efficiency.In this paper,these interactions were revealed by computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method(CFD-DEM)method.Based on simulation results,both liquid phase flow hydrodynamics and particle motion behavior have been analyzed,which gave the general information of the multiphase flow behavior inside the stirred tank reactor as to graphene production.By calculating the threshold at the beginning of graphite exfoliation process,the shear force from the slip velocity was determined as the active force.These results can support the optimization of the graphene production process.

Computational fluid dynamics simulations of respiratory airflow in human nasal cavity and its characteristic dimension study

To study the airflow distribution in human nasal cavity during respiration and the characteristic parameters of nasal structure, three-dimensional, anatomically accurate representations of 30 adult nasal cavity models were recons- tructed based on processed tomography images collected from normal people. The airflow fields in nasal cavities were simulated by fluid dynamics with finite element software ANSYS. The results showed that the difference of human nasal cavity structure led to different airflow distribution in the nasal cavities and variation of the main airstream passing through the common nasal meatus. The nasal resistance in the regions of nasal valve and nasal vestibule accounted for more than half of the overall resistance. The characteristic model of nasal cavity was extracted on the basis of characteristic points and dimensions deduced from the original models. It showed that either the geometric structure or the airflow field of the two kinds of models was similar. The characteristic dimensions were the characteristic parameters of nasal cavity that could properly represent the original model in model studies on nasal cavity.

Stabilization for Equal-Order Polygonal Finite Element Method for High Fluid Velocity and Pressure Gradient

This paper presents an adapted stabilisation method for the equal-order mixed scheme of finite elements on convex polygonal meshes to analyse the high velocity and pressure gradient of incompressible fluid flows that are governed by Stokes equations system.This technique is constructed by a local pressure projection which is extremely simple,yet effective,to eliminate the poor or even non-convergence as well as the instability of equal-order mixed polygonal technique.In this research,some numerical examples of incompressible Stokes fluid flow that is coded and programmed by MATLAB will be presented to examine the effectiveness of the proposed stabilised method.

基于CFD-DEM的流态化速冻影响因素研究

利用Fluent多孔介质理论建立了速冻流化床等效流域模型;以表观气速、入口温度、脉动频率为试验因素,根据CFD-DEM数值模拟方法对典型颗粒形状物料的流态化和冻结进行单因素试验分析,探究了各试验因素对物料冻结的影响规律;基于单因素试验结果,以平均降温速率为评价指标,进行三因素、四水平的正交试验,试验结果表明,在进风量一定的情况下,影响程度由强到弱依次为入口温度、脉动频率、表观气速。以期分析结果对脉冲气流式速冻工程实践具有一定的参考作用。

MIXED COMPATIBLE ELEMENT AND MIXED HYBRID INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENT VARIATIONAL METHODS IN DYNAMICS OF VISCOUS BAROTROPIC FLUIDS

This paper presents and proves the mixed compatible finite element variationalprinciples in dynamics of viscous barotropic fluids. When the principles are proved, itis found that the compatibility conditions of stress can be naturally satisfied. The gene-rallzed variational principles with mixed hybrid incompatible finite elements are alsopresented and proved, and they can reduce the computation of incompatible elements indynamics of viscous barotropic flows.

基于CFD-DEM的双流体喷嘴颗粒物去除特性及效率优化研究

雾化除尘技术是有效防治大气灾害的重要手段,对于城市、矿山等场所的降尘具有重要意义。双流体雾化喷嘴基于其良好的雾化表现,成为雾化除尘领域的热门研究对象。雾化后雾滴与烟尘颗粒的粘附与沉降过程是双流体喷嘴颗粒物去除的重要步骤。因此,揭示雾滴与烟尘颗粒的粘附与沉降特性对于提升双流体喷嘴颗粒物去除效率具有重要意义,需进一步深入研究。本文基于计算流体力学与离散单元耦合法(CFD-DEM),通过3D设计软件和离散元仿真软件ANSYS、EDEM对双流体喷嘴进行耦合数值模拟仿真,研究颗粒之间的相撞粘附与沉降,得到了不同气液压力比、不同雾滴粒径下雾滴颗粒的速度分布规律,并利用正交数值模拟方法对双流体雾化喷嘴颗粒物去除效率进行研究,得到了各运行参数对颗粒物去除效率的影响规律。结果表明,随着气液压力比的增大,雾滴颗粒最大速度呈增大趋势;雾滴颗粒粒径越小,雾滴颗粒最大速度越大,且加速至最大速度的时间越短;通过极差分析可知,运行参数中对颗粒物去除效率影响因素从大到小依次是雾滴粒径B、气液压力比A、烟尘颗粒粒径D、烟尘颗粒速度C,其最优水平组合为A_(3)B_(1)C_(3)D_(1)。该研究可为双流体雾化喷嘴的颗粒物去除特性研究提供一定的参考。

基于CFD-DEM的湿颗粒气力输送数值模拟

【目的】为了探索水平管中湿颗粒气力输送的内在机制,开发液桥轮廓由凸到凹的液桥力模型,实现对颗粒含水率的精准调控,分析不同含水率颗粒在输送过程中的动力学特性变化规律。【方法】采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)和离散元法(discrete element method, DEM)双向耦合的数值模拟方法,通过对弯头外侧中心线的颗粒速度分析对比,验证数值模型的正确性以及网格的无关性。【结果】干颗粒沉降在管道底部,表现为管底流的运动状态,湿颗粒因液桥力的作用而形成紧密的颗粒团块,以单粒子和颗粒团2种形式进行运动,并且颗粒含水率越大,颗粒团聚现象越严重;湿颗粒的输送速度明显比干颗粒低,且随着颗粒含水率的增加,颗粒的平均输送速度呈下降趋势。【结论】相对于干颗粒输送,湿颗粒输送流动性更弱、输送效率更低以及能耗更高,在实际工业应用中,应当对湿颗粒进行前处理,以便于气力输送的无故障进行。

基于CFD-DEM的超细碳酸钙螺旋输送仿真分析

【目的】为提高螺旋输送机的输送效率,降低输送机的功耗与磨损,探究在不同进料速率、螺旋轴转速与几何体摩擦系数下,超细碳酸钙在水平变径变距螺旋输送机内的颗粒流动状态、出口质量流量、输送机功耗与磨损分布。【方法】使用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)与离散单元法(discrete element method,DEM)双向耦合数值模拟的方法,对螺旋输送机在不同转速下的质量流率进行分析对比,验证数值模型的正确性。【结果】摩擦系数对颗粒的运动有较大影响,颗粒流的轴向速度峰值和质量流率峰值随着摩擦系数的增加先增大再减小;随着下料速度和摩擦系数的增大,输送机功率明显增大,且摩擦系数在高进料速度与低转速的情况下对功耗的影响相对于低进料速度和高转速更加明显;磨损较严重的区域集中在下料口处的螺旋轴与螺旋叶片的边缘处。【结论】简单增大或减小摩擦系数并不能提高颗粒的轴向速度和质量流量,而是存在一个局部最优参数组合;适当地提高转速能够减小颗粒密实度与颗粒停留时间,从而减小输送机的功耗与几何体磨损。

CVBEM and FVM Computational Model Comparison for Solving Ideal Fluid Flow in a 90-Degree Bend

While finite volume methodologies (FVM) have predominated in fluid flow computations, many flow problems, including groundwater models, would benefit from the use of boundary methods, such as the Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM). However, to date, there has been no reporting of a comparison of computational results between the FVM and the CVBEM in the assessment of flow field characteristics. In this work, the CVBEM is used to develop a flow field vector outcome of ideal fluid flow in a 90-degree bend which is then compared to the computational results from a finite volume model of the same situation. The focus of the modelling comparison in the current work is flow field trajectory vectors of the fluid flow, with respect to vector magnitude and direction. Such a comparison is necessary to validate the development of flow field vectors from the CVBEM and is of interest to many engineering flow problems, specifically groundwater modelling. Comparison of the CVBEM and FVM flow field trajectory vectors for the target problem of ideal flow in a 90-degree bend shows good agreement between the considered methodologies.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY-STATE UNDEREXPANDED JET USING DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

A discontinuous Galerkin finite element method （DG-FEM） is developed for solving the axisymmetric Euler equations based on two-dimensional conservation laws. The method is used to simulate the unsteady-state underexpanded axisymmetric jet. Several flow property distributions along the jet axis, including density, pres- sure and Mach number are obtained and the qualitative flowfield structures of interest are well captured using the proposed method, including shock waves, slipstreams, traveling vortex ring and multiple Mach disks. Two Mach disk locations agree well with computational and experimental measurement results. It indicates that the method is robust and efficient for solving the unsteady-state underexpanded axisymmetric jet.

基于浸入边界法的高解析度CFD-DEM流固耦合方法

根据流固耦合问题的普遍性,提出了基于浸入边界法的高解析度计算流体力学-离散元法(CFD-DEM)流固耦合方法.新方法采用基于欧拉框架的计算流体力学方法描述流体的运动,采用基于拉格朗日框架的离散元法描述固体的运动及碰撞,在离散单元的表面布置浸入边界点,解决固体运动过程中与流体间的移动且未知的边界问题.为验证方法的准确性,模拟了圆柱绕流涡激振动、方块驰振两个经典算例,计算结果与数值解吻合度高,说明新方法能够准确描述流固耦合作用.最终,将该方法应用于多块体沉降的模拟,结果表明新方法能够反映流场的复杂变化,有效处理包含大量任意形状离散块体碰撞的流固耦合问题.

CFD-DEM simulation of fluid-solid flow of a tapered column separation bed

Research on recycling waste Printed Circuit Boards(PCB) is at the forefront of preventing environmental pollution and finding ways to recycle resources.The Tapered Column Separation Bed(TCSB) is invented aiming at disposing the problem that fine particles of waste printed circuit boards cannot be separated efficiently so as to obtain further insight about the underlying mechanisms and demonstrate the separation feasibility in the tapered column separation bed.In this work,a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) coupled with Discrete Element Method(DEM) model for two-phase flow has been extended to simulate the fluid-solid flow in the tapered column separation bed.Its validity is demonstrated by its successful capturing the key features of particles' flow pattern,velocity,the pressure distribution,the axial position with time and axial force for particles with different densities.Simulation results show that the plastic particles and resin particles become overflow,while copper particles,iron particles and aluminum particles successively become underflow,with a discharge water flow rate of 1 m^3/h,an obliquity of 30°.The simulated results agree reasonably well with the experimental observation.Using this equipment to separate waste PCBs is feasible,theoretically.

基于CFD-DEM方法的太阳能阻碍流吸热器内部颗粒吸热和流动特性研究

新型直接式太阳能热化学吸热器的设计对太阳能高效制备燃料至关重要。针对直接式固体颗粒吸热器玻璃沾染、吸热器蓄热、吸热器回热等问题,提出一种太阳能阻碍流式吸热器,并采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)和离散元(discrete element method,DEM)的方法对吸热器内部颗粒吸热和流动特性进行研究。探索气体流速、辐照强度等因素对吸热颗粒通过率和温度分布的影响规律。结果表明入口气体流速为1m/s的时候,与非阻碍式吸热器相比,0.8s的时间吸热颗粒在阻碍式吸热器内部通过率由93.5%降低到了72.5%,然而,吸热颗粒的平均温度由1374.69K提升至1742.32K;阻碍颗粒预热后,即使在太阳光入射强度为0W/m^(2)的条件下,0.8s的时间,吸热颗粒出口平均温度依然能够达到1673.51K,最高温度可以达到1844.78K;当气体入口的流速从1m/s增加到3m/s,0.8s时刻,吸热颗粒的通过率也从72.5%减小到60.5%,同时其平均温度也由1742K降低到1633K。研究结果验证了新型吸热器的储热及抗热震效果。

Application of the Hierarchical Functions Expansion Method for the Solution of the Two Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations for Compressible Fluids in High Velocity

This work presents a new application for the Hierarchical Function Expansion Method for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible fluids in two dimensions and in high velocity. This method is based on the finite elements method using the Petrov-Galerkin formulation, know as SUPG (Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin), applied with the expansion of the variables into hierarchical functions. To test and validate the numerical method proposed as well as the computational program developed simulations are performed for some cases whose theoretical solutions are known. These cases are the following: continuity test, stability and convergence test, temperature step problem, and several oblique shocks. The objective of the last cases is basically to verify the capture of the shock wave by the method developed. The results obtained in the simulations with the proposed method were good both qualitatively and quantitatively when compared with the theoretical solutions. This allows concluding that the objectives of this work are reached.

结构物砰击入水过程的CFD-DEM-IBM数值仿真

为实现入水过程的精细数值仿真,解决入水问题数值模拟所面临的关键技术问题,围绕结构入水过程中固体移动边界的合理描述、自由液面的准确捕捉及流固耦合作用的精细刻画等核心难题,融合计算流体动力学-离散单元法(CFD-DEM)、浸入边界法(IBM)及改进的守恒式Level Set(ICLS)方法,提出了一种CFD-DEM-IBM方法。采用固定的笛卡尔网格离散计算域,分别通过CFD与DEM描述流体与结构运动,引入IBM追踪固体移动边界并获取准确的流固耦合作用力,采用ICLS方法在保证守恒性的同时隐式捕捉自由液面,并通过分区算法,在一个时间步内进行数次交错迭代以反映流固两相间的强耦合效应,建立了高解析度的CFD-DEM-IBM数值模型。通过圆柱常速入水、楔形体对称及非对称入水和多体入水现象仿真分析研究,结果表明,CFD-DEM-IBM方法能够考虑多块体间的相互作用,在准确反映流固耦合效应的同时能够获得高解析度的流场,在多体入水问题处理方面优势显著。

基于CFD-DEM方法的泥水盾构环流系统泥浆携渣特性研究

泥水盾构泥水环流系统是保证渣石从掘进界面输出至地面的核心系统,泥水环流系统管路的携渣能力是决定渣石是否可以顺利运送的关键。文中基于CFD-DEM耦合计算方法,建立泥水循环管路流体-颗粒耦合过程的数值计算模型,然后,以福州滨海快线工程中采用的泥水盾构环流系统内携渣管路为例,研究在不同密度和黏度工况下,泥浆对管路携渣能力的影响。数值计算结果表明:在研究范围内,泥浆的密度越大,倾斜直管内输送效率越高;泥浆输送速度随泥浆的密度减小呈线性增大,多颗粒的平均速度随颗粒数量增多增幅较为平缓,最大增幅为14%;泥浆的黏度越大,倾斜直管内输送速度越快,且携渣管路内出现两个颗粒堆积峰值,分别位于倾斜直管中部及管道上拐角位置。

A Generic Computational Solution of a Natural Convection Flow past an Infinite Vertical Porous Plate

A simulation was carried out on an unsteady flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate. A generic computer program using the Galerkin finite element method is employed to solve the coupled non-linear differential equations for velocity and temperature fields. The diffusion equation, the energy equation, the momentum equations and other relevant parameters are transformed into interpretable postfix codes. Numerical calculations are carried out on the flow fields both in the presence of cooling and heating of the plate by free convection currents. The effects of the dimensionless parameters, namely, the Prandtl number, the Eckert number, the modified Grashof number, the Schmidt number and the time on the temperature and velocity distributions are discussed.

氦冷固态包层氚增殖球床气体和粉末流动特性的数值研究

基于计算流体力学和离散元耦合分析,研究了氦冷固态增殖包层球床中吹扫氦气的速度分布和破碎的正硅酸锂粉末速度随时间的变化及粉末数量随氦气入口流速变化。模拟结果表明,在吹扫氦气流动方向上,用入口流速归一化的氦气速度分布与入口流速无关,在靠近球床边缘速度变化较大,在球床中部速度变化较小;用入口流速归一化的粉末平均速度与入口流速关系不大,会随吹扫时间逐渐趋于稳定;对小粒径粉末,吹扫气体流速越大,越容易被吹出球床,对大粒径粉末,因其本身体积过大,易在球床中形成堵塞。

Analysis of gas-solid flow and shaft-injected gas distribution in an oxygen blast furnace using a discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics coupled model

lronmaking using an oxygen blast furnace is an attractive approach for reducing energy consumption in the iron and steel industry. This paper presents a numerical study of gas-solid flow in an oxygen blast fur- nace by coupling the discrete element method with computational fluid dynamics. The model reliability was verified by previous experimental results. The influences of particle diameter, shaft tuyere size, and specific ratio （X） of shaft-injected gas （51G） flowrate to total gas flowrate on the SIC penetration behavior and pressure field in the furnace were investigated. The results showed that gas penetration capacity in the furnace gradually decreased as the particle diameter decreased from 100 to 40 mm. Decreasing particle diameter and increasing shaft tuyere size both slightly increased the SIG concentration near the furnace wall but decreased it at the furnace center. The value of X has a significant impact on the SIG distribution. According to the pressure fields obtained under different conditions, the key factor affecting SIG penetration depth is the pressure difference between the upper and lower levels of the shaft tuyere. If the pressure difference is small, the SIG can easily penetrate to the furnace center.

恶劣海况下船舶砰击颤振响应特性数值计算与试验研究

[目的]针对恶劣海况下船舶所受砰击颤振响应现象,探究船舶非线性波浪载荷与瞬态高幅值砰击载荷的耦合作用。[方法]采用计算流体动力学与有限元方法(CFD-FEM)相结合的双向流固耦合方法对S175集装箱船进行数值仿真计算,并与试验结果及切片理论计算结果进行对比验证;采用分段变截面弹性龙骨梁模型开展船舶的砰击颤振特性模型试验,基于CFD-FEM双向流固耦合方法开展船艏砰击载荷及高频非线性砰击颤振响应特性分析,并与模型试验结果进行对比验证。[结果]结果显示,波浪砰击载荷对船艏颤振响应的影响不可忽视,6级海况下由砰击颤振诱发的二阶高频成分分量占低频波浪弯矩的59.86%。[结论]采用基于CFD-FEM的双向流固耦合方法可准确计算船首砰击颤振响应;在高海况下船舶所受非线性波浪载荷及结构动态响应易受船首瞬态砰击载荷的影响,在船舶结构设计与安全评估中需考虑高频砰击颤振的情况。