Study on a semi-resolved CFD-DEM method for rod-like particles in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Based on a semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling method,this study proposed a method that uses the minimum distance between the fluid grid and the particle boundary as a reference value to determine the degree of influence of the target fluid grid on the particle's drag force.A fluidized bed of rod-like particles was chosen as a typical case to investigate the effect of different fluid grid scales on various fluidized bed characteristic parameters.The calculation performance of the semi-resolved and unre-solved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm on key fluidized bed characteristic parameters such as average pressure drop,particle frequency distribution with bed height,and particle orientation distribution were compared.It was found that the semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm gradually obtained results with higher consistency with decreasing fluid grid scale for key parameters such as particle frequency distribution with bed height,particle orientation distribution,and time-history mixing index,exhibiting a phenomenon similar to grid independence in fluid simulation.By comparing with experimental results,it was verified that the semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm can be applied to simulate multi-granular gas-solid systems with fluid grid scales equivalent to particle scales.This algorithm solves the limitation of fluid grid scale in the unresolved CFD-DEM coupling framework and improves the grid adaptability of the CFD-DEM coupling simulation algorithm.

基于CFD-DEM算法的气力输送气固两相流特性分析

超轻粉体颗粒由于质量较小,在运输过程中易受气流扰动而飘散,物料的管道气力输送过程不稳定,易发生堵塞。为了研究超轻粉体颗粒在旋流气力输送中气固两相流流动特性,采用计算流体力学与离散单元法(CFD-DEM),对Komax型静态混合器内气固两相流动特性进行数值模拟研究。研究发现,带有Komax型元件的水平管道可以改变颗粒的流动情况,改善了水平管道内颗粒堆积和分布不均匀的现象;分别从颗粒相和流体相的流动状态分析得到元件长径比Ar=3时为最优几何结构;通过正交实验极差分析得到影响气固两相流动特性的因素顺序:输送气速>颗粒质量流量>颗粒粒径。当元件Ar=3时,颗粒-颗粒和颗粒-管壁的碰撞次数与碰撞强度呈现负相关,结合出口颗粒流分散状态,优选输送气速为3~4m/s;主要考虑输送气速对管内压降的影响,提出了带有Komax型元件的水平管道气力运输过程中压降与输送气速和轴向位置的经验拟合式。

基于CFD-DEM的流-固耦合数值建模方法研究进展

随着土体渗流侵蚀研究的逐渐深入,对土颗粒流失和变形破坏机理的研究方法呈现出多尺度的特点。其中,计算流体力学-离散元耦合方法(CFD-DEM)为在细观尺度上研究流-固耦合相互作用对土体宏观力学特性的影响提供了一种行之有效的方法。针对CFD-DEM耦合方法在岩土工程领域应用现状,本文系统总结现有流-固耦合计算方法的优缺点,重点论述CFD-DEM耦合方法的建模策略,包括固相颗粒形状建模与粒间接触模型、流体相控制方程及参数计算方法,以及CFD-DEM耦合计算,并就相关问题进行深入探讨,最后提出了CFD-DEM耦合方法未来的发展方向。

流场涡旋中颗粒碰撞黏附机制的CFD-DEM(XDLVO)模拟

混凝装备中流场的涡旋特征是影响煤泥水等微细颗粒絮凝效果的关键因素之一。为解析流场涡旋影响颗粒混凝碰撞与黏附机制,以圆柱绕流产生的涡街为代表性涡旋流场,采用CFD方法模拟了流速和圆柱直径对流场涡旋强度和尺度的影响;引入XDLVO理论辅助描述离散元方法中颗粒间的相互作用力,对粒径为25~100μm颗粒在上述流场中的碰撞与黏附过程进行CFD-DEM模拟,并试验验证。结果表明,在流速0.06~0.12 m/s、圆柱直径2~6 mm、雷诺数为120~720条件下,圆柱绕流场中的涡旋半径(r)与圆柱直径(D)的关系近似为r=0.133 3D+0.421 4,与流速无显著相关性;涡旋中心的最大涡量与流速成正比,涡旋强度与圆柱直径的2次方正相关。CFD-DEM(XDLVO)模拟方法获得的黏附聚集体的特征参数与试验结果吻合较好,说明其可较准确地描述圆柱绕流场中颗粒的碰撞与黏附过程。对流场涡旋分布特征和聚集体在流场分区中分布特征的分析表明,流场中的涡旋通过惯性离心力使颗粒远离涡旋中心向涡旋周边的黏性剪切区富集,在改变颗粒运动方向的同时,增加了颗粒在黏性区的局部浓度,从而提高了颗粒的碰撞概率,有效促进了颗粒的黏附并大。当涡旋尺度为物料粒径的10倍左右时最有利于颗粒的碰撞黏附,因此可根据应用场景的物料粒度来优化设计绕流圆柱直径,使其达到最好的黏附效果。

基于CFD-DEM的物料转运过程诱导风流场与产尘因素分析

为了揭示颗粒物料在皮带机转运过程中的粉尘运移规律问题,推导了含有水平初速度的颗粒物料转运过程中的诱导气流方程,并采用CFD-DEM耦合方法对转运过程中的颗粒分布与诱导风流场特性进行了研究,分析了颗粒物料的落料高度、质量流量和初速度对颗粒逸散与诱导气流的影响。结果表明:颗粒在弧形下落阶段速度逐渐提高,挤压碰撞阶段颗粒速度先降低后提高,最后趋于稳定,部分颗粒出现逸散现象;含尘气流在颗粒物料弧形下落阶段和挤压碰撞阶段扩散较为明显;诱导气流速度与颗粒物料质量流量和初始速度呈正比关系,颗粒物料质量流量与诱导气流速度呈幂函数关系,拟合曲线幂指数为0.6~0.74。

不同细粒含量与间断比下不连续级配砂砾土渗蚀的CFD-DEM数值模拟

基于CFD-DEM方法,开展了不同细粒含量(质量分数,下同)与间断比下不连续级配砂砾土渗蚀数值试验,从宏细观角度研究了细粒含量与间断比对渗蚀的联合作用机理。研究结果表明:土体侵蚀率随间断比的增大而增加,当间断比G较小(G<3)时,土样内部未发生颗粒迁移现象,表现出较好的内部稳定性,与KéZDI判别准则吻合。当细粒含量不同时,间断比对渗蚀宏细观特征行为影响程度差异显著。当细粒含量较低(如15%)时,细颗粒较少参与土体内部应力传递,渗蚀过程中土样体积、强接触力链以及细颗粒应力分担系数几乎不发生改变,粗颗粒间孔隙直径增大,导致更多弱接触细颗粒流失,从而使得侵蚀率随间断比增加;相反,当细粒含量较高(如35%)时,参与应力传递的细颗粒比例相对较高,间断比增大导致粗颗粒数量减少,细颗粒流失易导致整个土体力链体系破坏,引起骨架颗粒重组变形,进而释放更多约束颗粒,加剧颗粒流失,故侵蚀率增加是孔隙直径增大和渗蚀过程中土骨架不断发生变形共同作用的结果。

基于CFD-DEM方法的泥水平衡盾构排屑效率影响因素敏感度

泥水平衡盾构机气垫仓内岩屑的快速排出对于保证施工安全和提高掘进效率至关重要,已有研究主要集中在岩屑在排浆管中运输的运动特性,而从气垫仓进入排浆管直至排出的完整过程却往往被忽略,因此现有研究对于指导实际工程还存在局限性。基于CFD-DEM(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method)计算流体力学-离散单元耦合计算方法并结合实际工程建立了可以完整反映气垫仓内岩屑排出的数值计算模型,对比了不同冲刷管布设情况下(垂直距离h1、水平距离h_(2)和转角β)岩屑的排出情况,总结了不同因素对岩屑排出率的敏感度。研究结果表明排出率随着h1的增加而减小,随着h_(2)和β的增加而增加,三个因素的平均敏感度排序从大到小依次为h1(1.6)>h_(2)(0.79)>β(0.61),因此在实际工程中降低冲刷管高度是提高岩屑率最有效的措施。研究结果可为优化冲刷管的布设和制定相关施工措施提供实用参考。

基于CFD-DEM的盾构泥浆管道排渣特性参数影响规律研究

盾构用泥水循环系统排渣时,其排渣特性直接影响排渣效率,进而影响盾构的施工效率。针对实际工程施工中,泥浆管道的排渣过程不能直接观察,内部泥浆和岩渣的运动规律也不明确的问题,以广州地铁7号线三模式盾构地铁隧道施工为背景,采用CFD-DEM耦合方法建立管道泥浆和岩渣耦合的数值仿真模型,通过单因素影响实验方法,分析泥浆流速、密度、黏度及管道直径等泥水循环系统关键参数对泥浆管道排渣特性的影响规律。结果表明:岩渣颗粒在管道中的运动形态大部分为在管道底部做推移运动,经过弯管部分时会对弯管外侧造成冲击,泥浆经过弯管时在内弯管处流速增大;随着泥浆流速、泥浆黏度的增加与管道直径的减小,泥浆压力损失以二次方的形式增加,泥浆压力损失随着泥浆密度的增加而线性增加。

A comparison study on structure-function relationship of polysaccharides obtained from sea buckthorn berries using different methods:antioxidant and bile acid-binding capacity

In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

侧喷吹减磨弯头磨损特性的CFD-DEM仿真分析

为实现煤粉颗粒在管道和喷枪内的稳定可靠输送和精确喷吹,明确不同类型弯头的磨损特性,基于Archard磨损模型采用计算流体力学与离散元耦合(CFD-DEM)方法,对普通弯头、T型弯头、堵塞型弯头、球型弯头处的颗粒切向速度分布和磨损特性进行分析。研究发现:T型弯头磨损区域主要集中在颗粒床靠近弯头出口的下方,堵塞型弯头磨损区域主要集中在弯头凸棱处且磨损区域面积较小,球型弯头磨损主要集中在颗粒首次冲击区域;堵塞型弯头均布碰撞强度最大,但磨损区域较小弯头凸棱处的磨损点较为集中;堵塞型弯头最大磨损量增速最高,球型弯头最大磨损量增最小。

基于CFD-DEM耦合模拟的侧喷吹管道减磨弯头流动特性分析

为实现煤粉颗粒在管道和喷枪内的稳定可靠输送和精确喷吹,以气固两相物料在弯头内的流动特性为对象,采用计算流体力学与离散元耦合(CFD-DEM)方法对普通弯头、T型弯头、堵塞型弯头、球型弯头内颗粒运动情况进行分析,研究发现:颗粒流经三种减磨弯头时速度会出现显著的下降,同时还会引起显著气流速度和压强的波动,上述现象以T型弯头最为显著;减磨弯头通过颗粒床中颗粒-颗粒碰撞减小颗粒对管壁的冲击,三种减磨弯头中颗粒-颗粒碰撞次数与碰撞法向力均较高,可能引发喷吹物料流动的紊乱。

基于CFD-DEM耦合模拟的CJ15湿法研磨介质碰撞能量分析

采用CFD-DEM耦合模拟的方法,以CJ15湿法研磨转子为研究对象,深入分析了在不同转子转速、研磨介质填充率、研磨介质直径三种影响因素对于研磨介质碰撞能量的影响,得出提高研磨介质的切向能量能够有效提高研磨效率、转子转速和填充率对研磨效率影响并不是一直保持线性关系的、得出转速1200r/min,填充率90%,研磨介质直径0.8mm是较优工艺参数,为实际工业生产提供了一定的理论指导。

Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for pore-scale mass diffusionadvection process in geopolymer porous structures

Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.

基于CFD-DEM耦合的不同出口形式气力集排系统分配器仿真与试验

气力集排技术具有播种效率高、广适性好、种子损伤低等优势,在研究中发现种子分配器的形式和结构参数对气力集排系统排种均匀性影响较大。本研究分别提出了M型、T型和Y型种子分配器,阐述了气力集排系统的总体结构和工作原理,以小麦为研究对象,开展了分配器内种子颗粒群体在气流作用下的受力和运动分析。基于CFD-DEM气固耦合方法,分别建立了小麦种子和分配器的仿真模型,以各行排量均匀性变异系数为指标,开展了不同出口型式对分配器性能影响的仿真试验研究,确定了M型种子分配器为最优结构。在此基础上通过单因素试验研究了不同出口管倾角、顶盖圆锥角、入口直径、圆角半径和气流输送速度对M型种子分配器内部流场均匀性的影响,确定了显著性因素及其水平范围。分别以(出口管倾角、顶盖圆锥角、圆角半径)为因素开展了3因素3水平正交试验研究,以各行排量均匀性变异系数为指标,通过响应面分析,确定了M型种子分配器最优结构参数,在西北农林科技大学试验农场开展了台架和田间验证试验。仿真和试验研究结果表明:与T型和Y型种子分配器相比,M型种子分配器显著提高了小麦种子的排种质量,排种均匀性变异系数分别降低了7.41%和3.72%。当顶盖圆锥角为117.03°,出口管倾角为59.50°圆角半径为69.46 mm时,种子分配器均匀性最佳,各行播种均匀性变异系数为6.05%。M型种子分配器仿真结果与台架和田间试验验证结果的绝对误差分别为1.00%和1.55%。该研究为气力集排系统的设计提供参考和技术支撑。

Material point method simulation of hydro-mechanical behaviour in twophase porous geomaterials: A state-of-the-art review

The material point method(MPM)has been gaining increasing popularity as an appropriate approach to the solution of coupled hydro-mechanical problems involving large deformation.In this paper,we survey the current state-of-the-art in the MPM simulation of hydro-mechanical behaviour in two-phase porous geomaterials.The review covers the recent advances and developments in the MPM and their extensions to capture the coupled hydro-mechanical problems involving large deformations.The focus of this review is aiming at providing a clear picture of what has or has not been developed or implemented for simulating two-phase coupled large deformation problems,which will provide some direct reference for both practitioners and researchers.

Sparse Modal Decomposition Method Addressing Underdetermined Vortex-Induced Vibration Reconstruction Problem for Marine Risers

When investigating the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers,extrapolating the dynamic response on the entire length based on limited sensor measurements is a crucial step in both laboratory experiments and fatigue monitoring of real risers.The problem is conventionally solved using the modal decomposition method,based on the principle that the response can be approximated by a weighted sum of limited vibration modes.However,the method is not valid when the problem is underdetermined,i.e.,the number of unknown mode weights is more than the number of known measurements.This study proposed a sparse modal decomposition method based on the compressed sensing theory and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(Co Sa MP)algorithm,exploiting the sparsity of VIV in the modal space.In the validation study based on high-order VIV experiment data,the proposed method successfully reconstructed the response using only seven acceleration measurements when the conventional methods failed.A primary advantage of the proposed method is that it offers a completely data-driven approach for the underdetermined VIV reconstruction problem,which is more favorable than existing model-dependent solutions for many practical applications such as riser structural health monitoring.

Numerical manifold method for thermo-mechanical coupling simulation of fractured rock mass

As a calculation method based on the Galerkin variation,the numerical manifold method(NMM)adopts a double covering system,which can easily deal with discontinuous deformation problems and has a high calculation accuracy.Aiming at the thermo-mechanical(TM)coupling problem of fractured rock masses,this study uses the NMM to simulate the processes of crack initiation and propagation in a rock mass under the influence of temperature field,deduces related system equations,and proposes a penalty function method to deal with boundary conditions.Numerical examples are employed to confirm the effectiveness and high accuracy of this method.By the thermal stress analysis of a thick-walled cylinder(TWC),the simulation of cracking in the TWC under heating and cooling conditions,and the simulation of thermal cracking of the SwedishÄspöPillar Stability Experiment(APSE)rock column,the thermal stress,and TM coupling are obtained.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test data and other numerical results,thus verifying the effectiveness of the NMM in dealing with thermal stress and crack propagation problems of fractured rock masses.

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

An inverse analysis of fluid flow through granular media using differentiable lattice Boltzmann method

This study presents a method for the inverse analysis of fluid flow problems.The focus is put on accurately determining boundary conditions and characterizing the physical properties of granular media,such as permeability,and fluid components,like viscosity.The primary aim is to deduce either constant pressure head or pressure profiles,given the known velocity field at a steady-state flow through a conduit containing obstacles,including walls,spheres,and grains.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)combined with automatic differentiation(AD)(AD-LBM)is employed,with the help of the GPU-capable Taichi programming language.A lightweight tape is used to generate gradients for the entire LBM simulation,enabling end-to-end backpropagation.Our AD-LBM approach accurately estimates the boundary conditions for complex flow paths in porous media,leading to observed steady-state velocity fields and deriving macro-scale permeability and fluid viscosity.The method demonstrates significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency,making it a powerful tool for solving inverse fluid flow problems in various applications.