Background:L-dopa(Levodopa)is well known for managing PD(Parkinson’s disease);however,its prolonged use caused dyskinesia(LID).Due to the varied presentation of LID,effective treatment options are scarce.Flavonoids r...Background:L-dopa(Levodopa)is well known for managing PD(Parkinson’s disease);however,its prolonged use caused dyskinesia(LID).Due to the varied presentation of LID,effective treatment options are scarce.Flavonoids reported their neuroprotective activity by ameliorating acetylcholinesterase,monoamine oxidase,and neuroinflammation.Kaempferol is anotherflavonoid bearing these potentials.Aim:To evaluate neuroprotective activity of kaempferol in dyskinetic rats.Methods:PD was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting combination of L-ascorbic acid(10µL)+6-OHDA(12µg)in medial forebrain bundle to induce neuronal damage in substantial nigra(SNr).LID was induced by administrating combination of L-dopa(20 mg/kg)+benserazide HCl(5 mg/kg)for 42 days.Rats were concomitantly treated with amantadine(40 mg/kg)or kaempferol(25,50,and 100 mg/kg,p.o.).Results:Kaempferol(50 and 100 mg/kg)markedly(p<0.05)inhibited LID-induced abnormal involuntary movements(AIMs)and alternation in motor function.Kaempferol administration considerably(p<0.05)inhibited reduced mitochondrial complex activities,serotonin and dopamine levels,Bcl-2,and Tyrosine hydroxylase protein expressions in SNr.Additionally,kaempferol considerably(p<0.05)attenuated increased cFOS,FosB,Parkin,and Pdyn mRNAs expressions,Bax,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-3,and pJNK proteins levels;DOPAC and 5-HIAA levels in SNr.A positive correlation was reported between cFOS,FosB,Parkin,Pdyn,apoptosis,and TH with AIMs.Conclusion:Kaempferol effectively attenuated L-dopa-induced AIMs and dyskinesia via amelioration of alterations in cFOS,FosB,Parkin,Pdyn,Tyrosine hydroxylase,and apoptosis in the brain SNr.展开更多
The transcription and translation of the immediate-early genes(IEGs),such as Arc,Zif268,eFos and Npas4,are considered to be molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory.Recent studies have shown that applicatio...The transcription and translation of the immediate-early genes(IEGs),such as Arc,Zif268,eFos and Npas4,are considered to be molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory.Recent studies have shown that application of NADH triggered the expression of Arc and Zif268 by activation of NMDA receptor(NMDAR)signaling.In this regard,we hypothesize that levels of Npas4 and c Fos,could be modulated by NMDAR activity-dependent NADH.To test our hypothesis,in primary cultured hippocampal neurons,we employed NADH to examine the effects of NADH on IEGs.Further more,NMDARs blocker MK801 were used to investigated the role of NMDAR in NADH's effects.The data of real-time PCR revealed that application of NADH promoted the transcription of Arc,cFos and Npas4.Similarly,Western blot analyses showed that the levels of Arc,c Fos and Npas4 were increased significantly after NADH treatment.展开更多
Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing of collateral clauses in bank loan contracting, and exp...Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing of collateral clauses in bank loan contracting, and explore the potential path of influence. Data taken from Chinese listed companies between2009 and 2012 indicate that(1) female-CFO-led firms are less likely to obtain credit loans than male-CFO-led firms;(2) female-CFO-led borrowers are more likely to be required to provide collateral for loans than male-CFO-led borrowers; and(3) banks are more inclined to claim mortgaging collateral when lending to female-CFO-led firms and prefer to guarantee collateral when lending to male-CFO-led firms. Female-CFO-led borrowers seem to be granted more unfavorable loan terms than male-CFO-led borrowers, supporting the hypothesis that female CFOs experience credit discrimination. Further analysis reveals that regional financial development helps to alleviate lending discrimination against female CFOs. Furthermore, female CFOs in SOEs are less likely than their non-SOE counterparts to experience gender discrimination in the credit market.展开更多
cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience.Currently,there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience.We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for ...cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience.Currently,there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience.We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice,comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei,and five associated behaviors:pain,fear,feeding,aggression,and sexual behavior.Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei(even cell types)under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications.Moreover,overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized,leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits.Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB,multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users’purposes.These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience.The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net.展开更多
文摘Background:L-dopa(Levodopa)is well known for managing PD(Parkinson’s disease);however,its prolonged use caused dyskinesia(LID).Due to the varied presentation of LID,effective treatment options are scarce.Flavonoids reported their neuroprotective activity by ameliorating acetylcholinesterase,monoamine oxidase,and neuroinflammation.Kaempferol is anotherflavonoid bearing these potentials.Aim:To evaluate neuroprotective activity of kaempferol in dyskinetic rats.Methods:PD was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting combination of L-ascorbic acid(10µL)+6-OHDA(12µg)in medial forebrain bundle to induce neuronal damage in substantial nigra(SNr).LID was induced by administrating combination of L-dopa(20 mg/kg)+benserazide HCl(5 mg/kg)for 42 days.Rats were concomitantly treated with amantadine(40 mg/kg)or kaempferol(25,50,and 100 mg/kg,p.o.).Results:Kaempferol(50 and 100 mg/kg)markedly(p<0.05)inhibited LID-induced abnormal involuntary movements(AIMs)and alternation in motor function.Kaempferol administration considerably(p<0.05)inhibited reduced mitochondrial complex activities,serotonin and dopamine levels,Bcl-2,and Tyrosine hydroxylase protein expressions in SNr.Additionally,kaempferol considerably(p<0.05)attenuated increased cFOS,FosB,Parkin,and Pdyn mRNAs expressions,Bax,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-3,and pJNK proteins levels;DOPAC and 5-HIAA levels in SNr.A positive correlation was reported between cFOS,FosB,Parkin,Pdyn,apoptosis,and TH with AIMs.Conclusion:Kaempferol effectively attenuated L-dopa-induced AIMs and dyskinesia via amelioration of alterations in cFOS,FosB,Parkin,Pdyn,Tyrosine hydroxylase,and apoptosis in the brain SNr.
文摘The transcription and translation of the immediate-early genes(IEGs),such as Arc,Zif268,eFos and Npas4,are considered to be molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory.Recent studies have shown that application of NADH triggered the expression of Arc and Zif268 by activation of NMDA receptor(NMDAR)signaling.In this regard,we hypothesize that levels of Npas4 and c Fos,could be modulated by NMDAR activity-dependent NADH.To test our hypothesis,in primary cultured hippocampal neurons,we employed NADH to examine the effects of NADH on IEGs.Further more,NMDARs blocker MK801 were used to investigated the role of NMDAR in NADH's effects.The data of real-time PCR revealed that application of NADH promoted the transcription of Arc,cFos and Npas4.Similarly,Western blot analyses showed that the levels of Arc,c Fos and Npas4 were increased significantly after NADH treatment.
基金financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Approval Nos. 71102063, 71572019 and 71232004)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Approval Nos. CQDXWL-2013-Z005 and 106112015CDJSK 02XK12)
文摘Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing of collateral clauses in bank loan contracting, and explore the potential path of influence. Data taken from Chinese listed companies between2009 and 2012 indicate that(1) female-CFO-led firms are less likely to obtain credit loans than male-CFO-led firms;(2) female-CFO-led borrowers are more likely to be required to provide collateral for loans than male-CFO-led borrowers; and(3) banks are more inclined to claim mortgaging collateral when lending to female-CFO-led firms and prefer to guarantee collateral when lending to male-CFO-led firms. Female-CFO-led borrowers seem to be granted more unfavorable loan terms than male-CFO-led borrowers, supporting the hypothesis that female CFOs experience credit discrimination. Further analysis reveals that regional financial development helps to alleviate lending discrimination against female CFOs. Furthermore, female CFOs in SOEs are less likely than their non-SOE counterparts to experience gender discrimination in the credit market.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71974167 and 71573225).
文摘cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience.Currently,there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience.We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice,comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei,and five associated behaviors:pain,fear,feeding,aggression,and sexual behavior.Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei(even cell types)under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications.Moreover,overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized,leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits.Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB,multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users’purposes.These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience.The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net.
