Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Enabled Localized Stress Recovery of Periodic Composites

Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.

Generating geologically realistic 3D reservoir facies models using deep learning of sedimentary architecture with generative adversarial networks

This paper proposes a novel approach for generating 3-dimensional complex geological facies models based on deep generative models.It can reproduce a wide range of conceptual geological models while possessing the flexibility necessary to honor constraints such as well data.Compared with existing geostatistics-based modeling methods,our approach produces realistic subsurface facies architecture in 3D using a state-of-the-art deep learning method called generative adversarial networks(GANs).GANs couple a generator with a discriminator,and each uses a deep convolutional neural network.The networks are trained in an adversarial manner until the generator can create "fake" images that the discriminator cannot distinguish from "real" images.We extend the original GAN approach to 3D geological modeling at the reservoir scale.The GANs are trained using a library of 3D facies models.Once the GANs have been trained,they can generate a variety of geologically realistic facies models constrained by well data interpretations.This geomodelling approach using GANs has been tested on models of both complex fluvial depositional systems and carbonate reservoirs that exhibit progradational and aggradational trends.The results demonstrate that this deep learning-driven modeling approach can capture more realistic facies architectures and associations than existing geostatistical modeling methods,which often fail to reproduce heterogeneous nonstationary sedimentary facies with apparent depositional trend.

Conveyor-Belt Detection of Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network

In underground mining,the belt is a critical component,as its state directly affects the safe and stable operation of the conveyor.Most of the existing non-contact detection methods based on machine vision can only detect a single type of damage and they require pre-processing operations.This tends to cause a large amount of calculation and low detection precision.To solve these problems,in the work described in this paper a belt tear detection method based on a multi-class conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network(CDCGAN)was designed.In the traditional DCGAN,the image generated by the generator has a certain degree of randomness.Here,a small number of labeled belt images are taken as conditions and added them to the generator and discriminator,so the generator can generate images with the characteristics of belt damage under the aforementioned conditions.Moreover,because the discriminator cannot identify multiple types of damage,the multi-class softmax function is used as the output function of the discriminator to output a vector of class probabilities,and it can accurately classify cracks,scratches,and tears.To avoid the features learned incompletely,skiplayer connection is adopted in the generator and discriminator.This not only can minimize the loss of features,but also improves the convergence speed.Compared with other algorithms,experimental results show that the loss value of the generator and discriminator is the least.Moreover,its convergence speed is faster,and the mean average precision of the proposed algorithm is up to 96.2%,which is at least 6%higher than that of other algorithms.

Enhancing Pneumonia Detection in Pediatric Chest X-Rays Using CGAN-Augmented Datasets and Lightweight Deep Transfer Learning Models

Pneumonia ranks as a leading cause of mortality, particularly in children aged five and under. Detecting this disease typically requires radiologists to examine chest X-rays and report their findings to physicians, a task susceptible to human error. The application of Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) for the identification of pneumonia through chest X-rays is hindered by a shortage of available images, which has led to less than optimal DTL performance and issues with overfitting. Overfitting is characterized by a model’s learning that is too closely fitted to the training data, reducing its effectiveness on unseen data. The problem of overfitting is especially prevalent in medical image processing due to the high costs and extensive time required for image annotation, as well as the challenge of collecting substantial datasets that also respect patient privacy concerning infectious diseases such as pneumonia. To mitigate these challenges, this paper introduces the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) to enrich the pneumonia dataset with 2690 synthesized X-ray images of the minority class, aiming to even out the dataset distribution for improved diagnostic performance. Subsequently, we applied four modified lightweight deep transfer learning models such as Xception, MobileNetV2, MobileNet, and EfficientNetB0. These models have been fine-tuned and evaluated, demonstrating remarkable detection accuracies of 99.26%, 98.23%, 97.06%, and 94.55%, respectively, across fifty epochs. The experimental results validate that the models we have proposed achieve high detection accuracy rates, with the best model reaching up to 99.26% effectiveness, outperforming other models in the diagnosis of pneumonia from X-ray images.

基于CGAN的抽油机电参数反演示功图研究

示功图的精准测量在有杆抽油系统故障诊断中非常重要,针对载荷传感器直接测量法维护成本高、稳定性差,电参数间接测量法精度低、应用性不强的问题,提出一种基于条件生成对抗网络(CGAN)的电参数反演示功图混合模型。首先建立将电参数和机构参数转化光杆位移和负载的机理模型,生成粗糙的示功图样本数据;然后利用CGAN在图像转换领域的应用,建立粗糙示功图数据细化器,实现粗糙示功图与实测示功图之间的图像转化,使粗糙示功图与实测示功图更加相似;此外,为了使CGAN能更好地提取示功图轮廓,在生成器中加入自注意力机制进行改进。通过现场实测的电参数和示功图历史数据进行验证,结果表明该方法对比纯机理模型反演示功图的精度有显著提高。

基于cGAN的刀具磨损状态监测数据集增强方法

在刀具磨损过程中,通常采集的正常磨损阶段的样本数据比初始磨损阶段和急剧磨损阶段的样本数据量多,这导致刀具磨损状态数据集不平衡,从而使深度学习网络模型对刀具磨损状态预测准确性降低。针对问题,文章提出一种基于cGAN的刀具磨损状态监测数据集增强方法。在cGAN中添加了类别条件信息,有利于生成器更好的捕捉刀具磨损样本的数据分布特点,从而生成和真实刀具磨损样本分布相似的样本。采集铣削加工过程中的振动信号,将振动信号转换成频谱数据输入到c GAN中,cGAN通过生成器和鉴别器之间的对抗训练,学习数据分布特点,生成刀具磨损状态样本数据。将增强的数据集输入到深度学习网络模型中进行分类,测试生成数据的可用性。实验结果显示,由增强的刀具磨损状态数据集训练深度学习网络模型,可以有效提高模型对刀具磨损状态监测的准确性,其预测精度达到98.1%。

Adversarial Training-Aided Time-Varying Channel Prediction for TDD/FDD Systems

In this paper, a time-varying channel prediction method based on conditional generative adversarial network(CPcGAN) is proposed for time division duplexing/frequency division duplexing(TDD/FDD) systems. CPc GAN utilizes a discriminator to calculate the divergence between the predicted downlink channel state information(CSI) and the real sample distributions under a conditional constraint that is previous uplink CSI. The generator of CPcGAN learns the function relationship between the conditional constraint and the predicted downlink CSI and reduces the divergence between predicted CSI and real CSI.The capability of CPcGAN fitting data distribution can capture the time-varying and multipath characteristics of the channel well. Considering the propagation characteristics of real channel, we further develop a channel prediction error indicator to determine whether the generator reaches the best state. Simulations show that the CPcGAN can obtain higher prediction accuracy and lower system bit error rate than the existing methods under the same user speeds.

一种基于改进CGAN的不平衡数据集成分类算法

CGAN能学习到数据的分布特性并生成符合原始数据分布的新样本,将其作为过采样方法可以提升不平衡数据的分类性能.然而,当少数类样本规模较小时CGAN不能充分学习其分布特征,导致生成的样本质量欠佳.为此,本文提出一种基于改进CGAN的不平衡数据集成分类算法.首先采用SMOTEENN方法快速生成少数类样本并使其达到一定规模,训练出能充分学习少数类样本分布特性的CGAN模型,然后重新生成符合原始数据分布的少数类样本以构建平衡数据集.最后以CART决策树为基分类器,通过对Adaboost方法进行改进并用其训练所构建的平衡数据集,得到最终分类模型.选择F1值、AUC和G-mean作为分类评价指标,在8组公开数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法可以显著提高不平衡数据的分类精度.

基于VAE-CGAN的牦牛等级评定算法

在牦牛高效养殖过程中,牦牛等级评定是牦牛育种工作中的重要环节.为了在牦牛等级评定研究中,降低数据集分布不平衡对牦牛等级预测结果的影响,提出一种基于改进条件生成对抗网络模型的牦牛等级评定模型VAE-CGAN.首先,为获取高质量生成样本,模型通过引入变分自编码器取代条件生成对抗网络输入中的随机噪声,降低了随机变量带来的不确定性.此外,模型将牦牛标签作为条件信息输入到生成对抗模型中来获取指定类别的生成样本,生成样本及训练样本则会被用于训练深度神经网络分类器.实验结果显示,模型整体预测准确率达到了97.9%.而且与生成对抗网络相比较,在数量较少的特级牦牛等级预测上的精准率、召回率和F1值分别提升了16.7%、16.6%和19.4%.实验结果表明该模型可以实现高精准度和低误分类率的牦牛等级分类.

基于CCGAN和ResNet34的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

在实际的工业过程中,由于滚动轴承故障数据的小样本或样本分布不平衡问题很常见,导致许多算法难以准确地识别不同故障。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于条件卷积生成对抗网络(CCGAN)和ResNet34的深度神经网络故障诊断方法。首先,采集了滚动轴承振动信号数据,并将振动信号转换为灰度图像,并增强了其数据特征;然后,采用CCGAN网络学习了原始小样本数据的特征,扩展了小样本不平衡数据集;最后,在滚动轴承振动信号的数据扩充和特征增强的基础上,采用ResNet34深度网络进行了一维振动信号的小样本不平衡故障诊断和分类。研究结果表明:随着小样本不平衡数据集逐步扩展到多维平衡数据集,该方法在不同数据集中故障诊断的准确性均得到了有效提高,在分类精度上达到了99.5%;诊断证明了其特征提取能力优于典型的机器学习和深度学习网络,从而验证了该方法在小样本不平衡故障诊断中的优势。

面向城区的基于图去噪的小区级RSRP估计方法

移动通信系统网络的规划、部署和优化都不同程度依赖于参考信号接收功率(RSRP)估计的准确性。传统上,基站覆盖小区内某信号接收点的RSRP可由对应的无线传播模型估计。在城市环境中,不同小区的无线传播模型需要使用大量RSRP实测数据校正。由于不同小区环境存在差异,经过校正后的模型只适用于对应小区,且小区内的RSRP估计精度低。针对上述问题,将RSRP估计问题转化为图去噪问题,并通过图像处理与深度学习技术得到小区级无线传播模型,不仅能实现小区整体的RSRP估计,且能适用于相似环境小区。首先,通过随机森林回归器逐点预测每个接收点的RSRP,得到整个小区的RSRP估计图;然后,将RSRP估计图和实测RSRP分布图之间的损失视为RSRP噪声图,提出基于条件生成对抗网络(CGAN)的图去噪RSRP估计方法,通过电子环境地图反映小区的环境信息,有效地降低不同小区的RSRP。实验结果表明,在无实测数据的跨小区RSRP预测场景下,所提方法预测RSRP的均方根误差(RMSE)为6.77 dBm,相较于基于卷积神经网络的RSRP估计方法EFsNet下降2.55 dBm;在同小区RSRP预测场景下,相较于EFsNet,模型参数量减小80.3%。

融合残差SENet的毫米波大规模MIMO信道估计

在户外光线追踪场景下,针对毫米波大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统受户外环境噪声干扰导致估计精度低的问题,提出了一种融合残差挤压激励网络(Squeeze-and-Excitation Network,SENet)的条件生成对抗网络的信道估计方法。该方法采用条件生成对抗网络将低分辨率接收信号重建为高分辨率的原始信号完成信道估计,同时在生成器网络中引入SENet网络模块来抑制户外场景下显著性噪声干扰,提高估计精度;最后将残差网络中的残差块添加到SENet的放缩操作后,提高条件生成对抗网络的收敛速度。仿真结果表明,相较于正交匹配追踪算法、卷积神经网络、去噪卷积神经网络和条件生成对抗网络算法,所提方法在户外噪声环境下估计精度平均提高了约2.2 dB,且在高噪声强度下估计精度的提高更为显著。

考虑新能源发电不确定性的含微电网群共享储能优化调度

随着具有不确定性的可再生能源在微电网中渗透率日益提高,微电网新能源消纳所面临的挑战越来越大,而共享储能与微电网群的协同运行是提高其消纳能力的有效手段。为了解决不确定环境下微电网群与共享储能协同调度问题,提出了一种考虑新能源发电不确定性的优化调度模型:首先,利用基于马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛算法的日状态转移过程集合生成方法,和基于条件生成对抗网络的日场景生成方法,生成周净发电功率典型场景。进而使用生成的典型场景作为运行模拟场景,以共享储能运营商为主体,以各微电网为从体,构建一主多从博弈优化调度模型,其中主体调整共享储能容量租赁价格以追求最大利润,从体响应租赁价格,调整租赁容量方案及运行计划以最小化自身用电成本。然后,设计了一种基于启发式算法的分布式迭代求解方法来求解所提模型。最后通过算例验证了所提模型的有效性。

基于条件生成对抗网络的图像翻译综述

图像翻译旨在实现多组不同领域图像间的转换,同时需要约束样本空间与目标空间分布的一致性.文章旨在寻找条件生成对抗网络与图像翻译问题的结合点,首先,介绍了数据集的特点,指出了不同数据集图像翻译难易程度;其次,从数学表达、性质以及目标函数设计方法得出算法实现的不同方式;将现有图像翻译分成3种类别——匹配图像翻译、非匹配图像翻译和多领域图像翻译,并得出不同应用场景所对应的图像翻译类别,即高清任务对应匹配图像翻译,低成本任务对应非匹配图像翻译,多样化任务对应多领域图像翻译;将图像质量评价方法分为主观图像质量评价与客观图像质量评价,并分析客观图像质量评价中全参考图像与无参考图像质量评价的适用范围;最后,总结条件生成对抗网络在图像翻译中的进展,并分析算法后指出了模式崩塌,模型可解释性和少样本等未来所需解决的问题.

利用条件生成对抗网络建立曲流河地质模型

【目的】在传统的河道建模方法中,基于目标的方法难以刻画曲流河点坝且条件化困难,多点地质统计学则难以再现河道的连续形态。条件生成对抗网络可以生成满足一定条件的复杂图形,可解决曲流河地质模型建立过程中点坝、河流形态刻画困难及难以条件化的问题。【方法】以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田南部地区某气田为例,开展了基于条件生成对抗网络的曲流河三维建模方法研究。在建模过程中,首先采用Alluvsim建模方法根据工区曲流河特征建立了200个曲流河模型;再通过卷积神经网络对200个模型进行深度学习,提取模型的特征矩阵,利用条件生成对抗网络建立可以生成曲流河模型的生成器;最后以工区井点数据作为输入数据,利用生成器建立满足曲流河复杂形态和井点数据的三维模型。【结果与结论】所建立的模型可以很好地展现曲流河中河道与点坝的三维形态及对应关系。为明确影响模型结果的关键因素,通过对比训练次数与输入数据发现,适当的训练次数(160次)与大量地输入样本(200个)是建立满足工区条件模型的前提。另外,通过对比传统地质建模方法,条件生成对抗网络建模方法可以很好地再现河道沉积体的空间形态,克服传统曲流河建模方法在条件化方面的困难,为曲流河沉积环境的河道砂体建模提供了新的解决思路,建立的曲流河模型可为油田开发阶段提供参考。

基于联邦学习的多源异构网络无数据融合方法

在联合作战体系中,数据作为基础性战略资源发挥着重要的底层支撑作用,数据妥善管理和高效利用是推动作战能力整体跃迁和作战样式深度变革的重要动力。为实现不同作战系统间信息的互联互通,提出一种基于联邦学习的多源异构网络无数据融合方法。从多源数据融合面临的安全性和异构性问题出发,利用条件生成对抗网络提取本地知识和全局分布,集成数据信息;结合局部教师模型-全局模型架构,以无数据知识蒸馏的方式对局部模型知识进行迁移,融合异构网络,细化全局模型,实现不同系统间安全、高质量的信息交互,为智能化指挥信息系统建设提供技术支撑。实验结果表明:该方法在结构化数据和图像数据上具有可行性,整体准确率可达到80%以上。

基于校正条件生成对抗网络的风电场群绿氢储能系统容量配置

以条件生成对抗网络(CGAN)为代表的半监督学习可计及风电波动并生成出力场景集合,生成的数据可输入氢气储能容量配置模型以支撑优化求解。为此,该文首先设计一种校正条件生成对抗网络(CCGAN),并基于风电预测误差构建条件校正器,对预测失准事件和风电爬坡事件下输入生成器的标签信息进行识别和校正;然后,以储能定容的综合成本和各风场弃风成本为目标函数,构建绿氢储能容量配置的多目标优化模型,并引入基于切比雪夫距离的膝区域数学概念,以指导多目标优化算法设计;最后,以新英格兰39节点系统为例进行算例分析,结果表明未经校正的条件信息将导致定容决策偏离实际,而CCGAN能生成计及风电不确定性的高置信出力场景,使得容量配置结果兼顾鲁棒性和经济性。

一种基于CGAN-CNN的同步电机转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法

由于同步电机故障样本数量较少,为解决同步电机故障诊断中普遍存在的样本不平衡问题,提出了一种基于条件生成式对抗网络(CGAN)和卷积神经网络(CNN)的同步电机转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法。首先,对传感器收集到的数据进行预处理,对正常样本和故障样本分别添加标签后输入CGAN中生成大量新样本,将生成的新样本与原始样本混合并划分训练集和测试集;然后,利用CNN训练平衡后的数据集,充分、精准地提取有效故障特征;最后,在输出端利用Softmax分类器输出故障分类结果。通过实验证明,与非平衡数据集相比,利用平衡数据集后的故障识别准确率十分稳定且达到99.5%以上,同时与平衡的原始样本数据相比,生成样本避免了噪声和其他干扰,故障诊断的准确率也更高。

基于扩张卷积条件生成对抗网络的红外小目标检测

基于深度神经网络的目标检测方法凭借自身强大的建模能力,在通用目标检测任务中取得了良好的表现。然而,在红外小目标信号弱、像素小的本质特征的影响下,深度神经网络层次的加深和池化操作的大量使用导致小目标语义信息丢失,使得现有方法的检测效果并不理想。文中从红外小目标特性这一关键问题出发,提出了一种新颖的基于扩张卷积条件生成对抗网络的目标检测算法。所提方法应用扩张卷积设计了生成网络,充分利用上下文信息建立层与层之间的关联,将红外小目标更多的语义信息保留到深层网络中,增强目标特征,进而提高检测性能。此外,设计了融合通道与空间维度的混合注意力模块,在特征提取时有选择性地放大目标信息,抑制背景信息;设计了自注意关联模块处理层与层之间信息融合过程中产生的语义冲突问题。文中使用多种评价指标将所提网络模型与目前先进的其他红外小目标检测方法进行对比,证明了该方法在复杂背景下目标检测性能的优越性。在公开的SIRST数据集上,所提模型的F分数为64.70%,相比传统方法提高了8.29%,相比深度学习方法提高了7.29%;在公开的ISOS数据集上,所提模型的F分数为64.54%,相比传统方法提高了23.59%,相比深度学习方法提高了6.58%。

Toward Improved Accuracy in Quasi-Static Elastography Using Deep Learning

Elastography is a non-invasive medical imaging technique to map the spatial variation of elastic properties of soft tissues.The quality of reconstruction results in elastography is highly sensitive to the noise induced by imaging measurements and processing.To address this issue,we propose a deep learning(DL)model based on conditional Generative Adversarial Networks(cGANs)to improve the quality of nonhomogeneous shear modulus reconstruction.To train this model,we generated a synthetic displacement field with finite element simulation under known nonhomogeneous shear modulus distribution.Both the simulated and experimental displacement fields are used to validate the proposed method.The reconstructed results demonstrate that the DL model with synthetic training data is able to improve the quality of the reconstruction compared with the well-established optimization method.Moreover,we emphasize that our DL model is only trained on synthetic data.This might provide a way to alleviate the challenge of obtaining clinical or experimental data in elastography.Overall,this work addresses several fatal issues in applying the DL technique into elastography,and the proposed method has shown great potential in improving the accuracy of the disease diagnosis in clinical medicine.