The endosperm plays essential roles in embryogenesis and seed germination and provides abundant resources for human food and industrial products. Identification of genes regulating the development of the endosperm and...The endosperm plays essential roles in embryogenesis and seed germination and provides abundant resources for human food and industrial products. Identification of genes regulating the development of the endosperm and elucidation of their functions is of great importance for maize genetics and breeding. This study showed that the genespecific imprinted gene, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2-like(EIN2-like), is maternally expressed in both endosperm and embryo. The maternally expressed pattern was maintained throughout later seed developmental stages. Bisulfite sequencing using DNA obtained from hybrid endosperm tissues showed that the upstream regions of the alleles of EIN2-like were highly methylated at symmetrical sites(CG and CHG). A differentially methylated region in the upstream part of the maternal allele of EIN2-like was identified and found to be hypomethylated. Expression analysis showed that EIN2-like was highly expressed in the maize endosperm as well as at different stages of cell differentiation(8–12 days after pollination) in the hybrid endosperm. These results suggest that the maternally expressed gene EIN2-like may play crucial roles in the regulation of seed development.展开更多
Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air duri...Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air during the low tide and produces large quantities of mucus as an external covering. The relation between low tide and mucus secretion is still unclear, and what is the role of mucin during arial exposure is not yet investigated. This study hypothesised that the mucin genes in A. veratra would have significantly high expression in response to aerial exposure. Therefore, the aim of current study was to examine and analyses the response of A. veratra mucins in response to an experiment involving three hours of aerial exposure. To achieve this, aim the RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to examine the expression profile of A. veratra mucin genes in response to aerial exposure. The generated results have shown that, Mucin4-like and mucin5B-like were up-regulated in response to the three hours of aerial exposure in A. veratra. This finding shows a significant role of mucin5B-like and mucin4-like genes in response to air stress at low tide. The data generated from this study could be used in conjunction with future mucin gene studies of sea anemones and other cnidarians to compare A. veratra mucin gene expression results across time, and to extend our understanding of mucin stress response in this phylum.展开更多
为了研究CR1-like基因的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）和拷贝数变异（copy number variation,CNV）,分析CR1-like的基因与蛋白质表达量、基因与蛋白质分子质量之间的关系,试验选择41头长白猪,采用直接测序和等...为了研究CR1-like基因的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）和拷贝数变异（copy number variation,CNV）,分析CR1-like的基因与蛋白质表达量、基因与蛋白质分子质量之间的关系,试验选择41头长白猪,采用直接测序和等位基因特异性PCR（Allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR）技术检测了CR1-like基因的SNP;用实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）技术和2-ΔΔCt相对定量分析方法检测了CR1-like基因的CNV,并利用一般线性模型（general linear model,GLM）和相关分析检验了CR1-like基因多态性与猪红细胞CR1-like蛋白质性状的关联性。结果表明：CR1-like基因存在CNV,且长白猪CR1-like基因以拷贝数正常为主,占总数的68.30%,拷贝数缺失占总数的31.70%,拷贝正常数和拷贝缺失数间差异极显著（P〈0.01）;CR1-like基因外显子上检测到8个SNP位点,rs321524247和rs330380626符合哈代-温伯格平衡且处于完全连锁（D＇=1,r2=1）,其中单倍型AT为主要单倍型,频率为0.915。说明CR1-like基因拷贝数对猪红细胞CR1-like蛋白质表达量有极显著影响。展开更多
Chalcone isomerase （CHI） is a key enzyme that converts yellow chalcone to colorless naringenin, playing an important regulatory role in color formation of ornamental flowers. We determined the coding sequence of CHI...Chalcone isomerase （CHI） is a key enzyme that converts yellow chalcone to colorless naringenin, playing an important regulatory role in color formation of ornamental flowers. We determined the coding sequence of CHI in herbaceous peony using rapid-amplification of cDNAends （RACE） technology, and subsequently detected the expression pattern of CHI in the inner and outer petals at different developmental stages using qRT-PCR. We cloned the upstream promoter sequences of CHI using genome walking technology and predicted the location of CpG islands and 5＇ truncation. In addition, we con- structed five dual-luciferase reporter gene carriers and detected the promoter activities of different fragments. Our results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of CHI was 898 bp, and the 5＂-upstream core promoter was located at -1 651 to -2050 bp region, where contained one CpG island （-1 897 to -2010 bp） and several important binding sites of transcription factor, such as Spl, serum response factor （SRF）, activating protein （AP）-2alpha and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein （C/ EBP）alpha. Expression results showed that the expression of CHI at different developmental stages was generally higher in inner petals than those in outer petals, and the maximum at the bud stage （S1）. Thus, this study will provide theoretical basis for an in-depth study of CHI gene function and expression regulation.展开更多
为了探究chi-miR-107-3p和菱形家族蛋白2(rhomboid family member 2,RHBDF2)基因在不同品种(系)和光控增绒绒山羊兴盛前期(5~7月份)皮肤毛囊重建时的表达差异,本试验在7月份采集内蒙古阿拉善型绒山羊、敏盖绒山羊和光控增绒技术处理的...为了探究chi-miR-107-3p和菱形家族蛋白2(rhomboid family member 2,RHBDF2)基因在不同品种(系)和光控增绒绒山羊兴盛前期(5~7月份)皮肤毛囊重建时的表达差异,本试验在7月份采集内蒙古阿拉善型绒山羊、敏盖绒山羊和光控增绒技术处理的阿尔巴斯型绒山羊体侧皮肤毛囊组织,采用组织切片技术对组织形态比较分析,实时荧光定量PCR法检测chi-miR-107-3p和RHBDF2基因的表达量。结果显示,在皮肤毛囊兴盛前期,阿拉善型绒山羊次级毛囊正处于重建阶段,敏盖绒山羊和阿尔巴斯型绒山羊(光控增绒)次级毛囊重建已基本完成;在阿拉善型绒山羊皮肤组织中chi-miR-107-3p表达量极显著高于敏盖绒山羊和阿尔巴斯型绒山羊(光控增绒)(P<0.01),而RHBDF2基因表达量极显著低于其他两品种(系)(P<0.01),且RHBDF2基因表达量在敏盖绒山羊皮肤组织中显著低于阿尔巴斯型绒山羊(P<0.05)。不同品种(系)和光控增绒绒山羊皮肤毛囊兴盛前期组织显微结构与chi-miR-107-3p、RHBDF2基因在皮肤组织中的表达差异分析结果相一致,次级毛囊重建初期chi-miR-107-3p表达量较高,而RHBDF2基因表达量极低,随着次级毛囊重建完成,chi-miR-107-3p表达量明显降低,RHBDF2基因表达量逐渐增高,且在不同品种(系)内蒙古绒山羊绒毛生长发育过程中的表达机制基本相同。因此,chi-miR-107-3p和RHBDF2基因是绒山羊皮肤毛囊生长发育的重要调控因子。展开更多
1 Introduction Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth.They can influence the succession of individual microbial populations,biogeochemical cycles of C/N and,ultimately,microbial community structure...1 Introduction Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth.They can influence the succession of individual microbial populations,biogeochemical cycles of C/N and,ultimately,microbial community structure through killing展开更多
基金the Major Research Projects of Chongqing (CSTC2016shms-ztzx80013, CSTC2016shms-ztzx80016) for financial support
文摘The endosperm plays essential roles in embryogenesis and seed germination and provides abundant resources for human food and industrial products. Identification of genes regulating the development of the endosperm and elucidation of their functions is of great importance for maize genetics and breeding. This study showed that the genespecific imprinted gene, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2-like(EIN2-like), is maternally expressed in both endosperm and embryo. The maternally expressed pattern was maintained throughout later seed developmental stages. Bisulfite sequencing using DNA obtained from hybrid endosperm tissues showed that the upstream regions of the alleles of EIN2-like were highly methylated at symmetrical sites(CG and CHG). A differentially methylated region in the upstream part of the maternal allele of EIN2-like was identified and found to be hypomethylated. Expression analysis showed that EIN2-like was highly expressed in the maize endosperm as well as at different stages of cell differentiation(8–12 days after pollination) in the hybrid endosperm. These results suggest that the maternally expressed gene EIN2-like may play crucial roles in the regulation of seed development.
文摘Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air during the low tide and produces large quantities of mucus as an external covering. The relation between low tide and mucus secretion is still unclear, and what is the role of mucin during arial exposure is not yet investigated. This study hypothesised that the mucin genes in A. veratra would have significantly high expression in response to aerial exposure. Therefore, the aim of current study was to examine and analyses the response of A. veratra mucins in response to an experiment involving three hours of aerial exposure. To achieve this, aim the RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to examine the expression profile of A. veratra mucin genes in response to aerial exposure. The generated results have shown that, Mucin4-like and mucin5B-like were up-regulated in response to the three hours of aerial exposure in A. veratra. This finding shows a significant role of mucin5B-like and mucin4-like genes in response to air stress at low tide. The data generated from this study could be used in conjunction with future mucin gene studies of sea anemones and other cnidarians to compare A. veratra mucin gene expression results across time, and to extend our understanding of mucin stress response in this phylum.
文摘为了研究CR1-like基因的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）和拷贝数变异（copy number variation,CNV）,分析CR1-like的基因与蛋白质表达量、基因与蛋白质分子质量之间的关系,试验选择41头长白猪,采用直接测序和等位基因特异性PCR（Allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR）技术检测了CR1-like基因的SNP;用实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）技术和2-ΔΔCt相对定量分析方法检测了CR1-like基因的CNV,并利用一般线性模型（general linear model,GLM）和相关分析检验了CR1-like基因多态性与猪红细胞CR1-like蛋白质性状的关联性。结果表明：CR1-like基因存在CNV,且长白猪CR1-like基因以拷贝数正常为主,占总数的68.30%,拷贝数缺失占总数的31.70%,拷贝正常数和拷贝缺失数间差异极显著（P〈0.01）;CR1-like基因外显子上检测到8个SNP位点,rs321524247和rs330380626符合哈代-温伯格平衡且处于完全连锁（D＇=1,r2=1）,其中单倍型AT为主要单倍型,频率为0.915。说明CR1-like基因拷贝数对猪红细胞CR1-like蛋白质表达量有极显著影响。
基金supported by the Natural Science Fundation of Jiangsu Province,China (14KJB210011)the Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,China (2014014)the Natural Science Foundation of Yangzhou,China (YZ2014033)
文摘Chalcone isomerase （CHI） is a key enzyme that converts yellow chalcone to colorless naringenin, playing an important regulatory role in color formation of ornamental flowers. We determined the coding sequence of CHI in herbaceous peony using rapid-amplification of cDNAends （RACE） technology, and subsequently detected the expression pattern of CHI in the inner and outer petals at different developmental stages using qRT-PCR. We cloned the upstream promoter sequences of CHI using genome walking technology and predicted the location of CpG islands and 5＇ truncation. In addition, we con- structed five dual-luciferase reporter gene carriers and detected the promoter activities of different fragments. Our results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of CHI was 898 bp, and the 5＂-upstream core promoter was located at -1 651 to -2050 bp region, where contained one CpG island （-1 897 to -2010 bp） and several important binding sites of transcription factor, such as Spl, serum response factor （SRF）, activating protein （AP）-2alpha and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein （C/ EBP）alpha. Expression results showed that the expression of CHI at different developmental stages was generally higher in inner petals than those in outer petals, and the maximum at the bud stage （S1）. Thus, this study will provide theoretical basis for an in-depth study of CHI gene function and expression regulation.
文摘为了探究chi-miR-107-3p和菱形家族蛋白2(rhomboid family member 2,RHBDF2)基因在不同品种(系)和光控增绒绒山羊兴盛前期(5~7月份)皮肤毛囊重建时的表达差异,本试验在7月份采集内蒙古阿拉善型绒山羊、敏盖绒山羊和光控增绒技术处理的阿尔巴斯型绒山羊体侧皮肤毛囊组织,采用组织切片技术对组织形态比较分析,实时荧光定量PCR法检测chi-miR-107-3p和RHBDF2基因的表达量。结果显示,在皮肤毛囊兴盛前期,阿拉善型绒山羊次级毛囊正处于重建阶段,敏盖绒山羊和阿尔巴斯型绒山羊(光控增绒)次级毛囊重建已基本完成;在阿拉善型绒山羊皮肤组织中chi-miR-107-3p表达量极显著高于敏盖绒山羊和阿尔巴斯型绒山羊(光控增绒)(P<0.01),而RHBDF2基因表达量极显著低于其他两品种(系)(P<0.01),且RHBDF2基因表达量在敏盖绒山羊皮肤组织中显著低于阿尔巴斯型绒山羊(P<0.05)。不同品种(系)和光控增绒绒山羊皮肤毛囊兴盛前期组织显微结构与chi-miR-107-3p、RHBDF2基因在皮肤组织中的表达差异分析结果相一致,次级毛囊重建初期chi-miR-107-3p表达量较高,而RHBDF2基因表达量极低,随着次级毛囊重建完成,chi-miR-107-3p表达量明显降低,RHBDF2基因表达量逐渐增高,且在不同品种(系)内蒙古绒山羊绒毛生长发育过程中的表达机制基本相同。因此,chi-miR-107-3p和RHBDF2基因是绒山羊皮肤毛囊生长发育的重要调控因子。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41002123 & 41030211)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808800)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (No. GBL11201)the Fundamental Research Funds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
文摘1 Introduction Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth.They can influence the succession of individual microbial populations,biogeochemical cycles of C/N and,ultimately,microbial community structure through killing
