Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the...Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.展开更多
Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are relat...Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such factors.Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change.Therefore,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them.Species distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence.Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain.To study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were used.Before the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid.Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were used.Also,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed.TSS statistics were used as a threshold.Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)test.Based on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85,respectively.The distance from settlement,soil organic carbon,and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species;and among the climatic variables,Isothermality(Bio3),Temperature Seasonality(Bio4),and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5)had the greatest impact on species distribution.The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070,the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value<0.05),habitat fragmentation will be reduced,and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38%of total Iran).This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges,and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species.In response to current climate change,migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study.Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks,Wildlife refuges,and Protected areas),protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.展开更多
The world is in turmoil with the emergence of various diseases in which bats play a key part. Indeed, bats are known to host bacteria that can create major public health problems. The investigation into bat bacteria w...The world is in turmoil with the emergence of various diseases in which bats play a key part. Indeed, bats are known to host bacteria that can create major public health problems. The investigation into bat bacteria was carried out from December 2020 to September 2021 at seven sites in Burkina Faso. Bat specimen collection occurred from 6 pm to 5 am with mist nets. On each bat captured, an oral and rectum swab was taken to search for bacterial species using standard bacterial culture methods. A total of 204 bats representing 11 species were captured. 183 bat specimens were infected by at least one bacterium with a prevalence of 89.7%. 54 species of bacteria divided into 30 genera were identified from the 183 specimens. Bacterial species richness was the highest in the bat Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1833) followed by Epomophorus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835). Genus Escherichia was the most frequent of the bat species. Genus Pseudomonas alone is represented by six species. The most infected site was the rectum, from which we isolated 44 species of bacteria out of the 54 species. The most infected locality was Ouagadougou. Bacteria are highly pathogenic to humans and may be responsible for public health problems, such as Shigella sp. was identified and bacteria known to cause harm to bats such as Yersinia and Pasteurella were also isolated. From this study, decisions on the management of public health problems can be considered drown to avoid the emergence and re-emergence of certain zoonotic diseases.展开更多
Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monito...Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monitoring of bats along a habitat modification gradient on the island of Okinawa,Japan.During the observation period,the island experienced numerous typhoons and one supertyphoon.Native bat species remained active even at high wind speeds(up to 30 m/s in some cases).Milder typhoons had no observable effect on bat populations,with activity levels fully recovering within a few hours or days.The super typhoon also did not seem to affect bats in fully or partially forested habitats but caused their local disappearance at the urban site,which they have not re-colonized three years after the event.Notably,bats that disappeared at the urban site were species roosting in well-protected places such as caves and concrete structures.In all cases,the biomass of small flying insects and the acoustic activity of insects recovered within days after extreme weather events.Thus,the striking difference between habitats in supertyphoon effects on bats cannot be explained by the super typhoon directly killing bats,destroying their roosting sites,or decreasing the abundance of their prey.The results underscore the importance of preserving natural habitats in areas particularly affected by changing climate and show that the survival of species and ecosystems during the numerous episodes of climate change in the Earth’s history does not necessarily mean their ability to survive the accelerating climate change of our time.展开更多
鞘尾蝠科(Emballonuridae)墓蝠属(Taphozous)在全世界共有14种(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019),分布在赤道与南北回归线之间的热带和亚热带地区(Kitchener et al.,1993)。该属在我国仅分布2种,即黑髯墓蝠(Taphozous melanopogon)和大墓蝠...鞘尾蝠科(Emballonuridae)墓蝠属(Taphozous)在全世界共有14种(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019),分布在赤道与南北回归线之间的热带和亚热带地区(Kitchener et al.,1993)。该属在我国仅分布2种,即黑髯墓蝠(Taphozous melanopogon)和大墓蝠(Taphozous theobaldi),前者主要分布于广东、广西、云南、贵州、海南、澳门和香港(蒋志刚等,2015),为广布种;后者文献记录甚少,标本稀缺.展开更多
福建省位于中国东南沿海,属中亚热带气候,其优越的自然环境为野生动物的生存繁衍创造了良好条件(丁晖等,2015)。其中,武夷山国家公园更具有“世界模式标本产地”的美誉,生物多样性资源丰富(肖敬禹等,2021)。管鼻蝠属(Muri-na)类群为一...福建省位于中国东南沿海,属中亚热带气候,其优越的自然环境为野生动物的生存繁衍创造了良好条件(丁晖等,2015)。其中,武夷山国家公园更具有“世界模式标本产地”的美誉,生物多样性资源丰富(肖敬禹等,2021)。管鼻蝠属(Muri-na)类群为一类鼻孔呈管状的树栖型蝙蝠,常栖息于人类活动较少且植被较好的森林内,捕捉相对困难,生物学基础资料匮乏(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019;Yu et al.,2020)。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770293)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2005DKA21502)
文摘Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.
基金the Razi University authorities,Kermanshah,for their help and support of this study。
文摘Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such factors.Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change.Therefore,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them.Species distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence.Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain.To study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were used.Before the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid.Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were used.Also,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed.TSS statistics were used as a threshold.Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)test.Based on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85,respectively.The distance from settlement,soil organic carbon,and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species;and among the climatic variables,Isothermality(Bio3),Temperature Seasonality(Bio4),and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5)had the greatest impact on species distribution.The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070,the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value<0.05),habitat fragmentation will be reduced,and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38%of total Iran).This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges,and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species.In response to current climate change,migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study.Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks,Wildlife refuges,and Protected areas),protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.
文摘The world is in turmoil with the emergence of various diseases in which bats play a key part. Indeed, bats are known to host bacteria that can create major public health problems. The investigation into bat bacteria was carried out from December 2020 to September 2021 at seven sites in Burkina Faso. Bat specimen collection occurred from 6 pm to 5 am with mist nets. On each bat captured, an oral and rectum swab was taken to search for bacterial species using standard bacterial culture methods. A total of 204 bats representing 11 species were captured. 183 bat specimens were infected by at least one bacterium with a prevalence of 89.7%. 54 species of bacteria divided into 30 genera were identified from the 183 specimens. Bacterial species richness was the highest in the bat Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1833) followed by Epomophorus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835). Genus Escherichia was the most frequent of the bat species. Genus Pseudomonas alone is represented by six species. The most infected site was the rectum, from which we isolated 44 species of bacteria out of the 54 species. The most infected locality was Ouagadougou. Bacteria are highly pathogenic to humans and may be responsible for public health problems, such as Shigella sp. was identified and bacteria known to cause harm to bats such as Yersinia and Pasteurella were also isolated. From this study, decisions on the management of public health problems can be considered drown to avoid the emergence and re-emergence of certain zoonotic diseases.
文摘Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monitoring of bats along a habitat modification gradient on the island of Okinawa,Japan.During the observation period,the island experienced numerous typhoons and one supertyphoon.Native bat species remained active even at high wind speeds(up to 30 m/s in some cases).Milder typhoons had no observable effect on bat populations,with activity levels fully recovering within a few hours or days.The super typhoon also did not seem to affect bats in fully or partially forested habitats but caused their local disappearance at the urban site,which they have not re-colonized three years after the event.Notably,bats that disappeared at the urban site were species roosting in well-protected places such as caves and concrete structures.In all cases,the biomass of small flying insects and the acoustic activity of insects recovered within days after extreme weather events.Thus,the striking difference between habitats in supertyphoon effects on bats cannot be explained by the super typhoon directly killing bats,destroying their roosting sites,or decreasing the abundance of their prey.The results underscore the importance of preserving natural habitats in areas particularly affected by changing climate and show that the survival of species and ecosystems during the numerous episodes of climate change in the Earth’s history does not necessarily mean their ability to survive the accelerating climate change of our time.
文摘鞘尾蝠科(Emballonuridae)墓蝠属(Taphozous)在全世界共有14种(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019),分布在赤道与南北回归线之间的热带和亚热带地区(Kitchener et al.,1993)。该属在我国仅分布2种,即黑髯墓蝠(Taphozous melanopogon)和大墓蝠(Taphozous theobaldi),前者主要分布于广东、广西、云南、贵州、海南、澳门和香港(蒋志刚等,2015),为广布种;后者文献记录甚少,标本稀缺.
文摘福建省位于中国东南沿海,属中亚热带气候,其优越的自然环境为野生动物的生存繁衍创造了良好条件(丁晖等,2015)。其中,武夷山国家公园更具有“世界模式标本产地”的美誉,生物多样性资源丰富(肖敬禹等,2021)。管鼻蝠属(Muri-na)类群为一类鼻孔呈管状的树栖型蝙蝠,常栖息于人类活动较少且植被较好的森林内,捕捉相对困难,生物学基础资料匮乏(Wilson and Mittermeier,2019;Yu et al.,2020)。
