Voltage- and Use-dependent Effect of 7-chlor-benzylte-trahydropalmatine on Sodium Currents in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes

The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to obtain information about the voltage-dependence and kinetics of interaction of 7-chlor-benzylte-trahydropalmatine (7-Cl-BTHP) with cardiac sodium channels. 7-Cl-BTHP (30 mol/L) significantly decreased the peak sodium current (from 7. 8±1. 8 nA to 5. 3±1. 4 nA, P<0. 01, n=5), without producing a shift of the current-voltage curve. It shifted the inactivation curves of sodium current to hyperpolarized potentials, and the V(0.5) was shifted from - (82. 5±2. 5) mV to - (95±2.4) mV (P <0. 05, n=4). 7-Cl-BTHP produced a significant use-dependent effect that was proportional to the duration of the voltage step. In addition, 7-Cl-BTHP slowed the recovery of sodium channel from inactivation, which could explain its use-dependent effects on sodium current. The characteristics of 7-Cl-BTHP blockage suggest that this agent binds preferentially to inactivated sodium channels.

Comparative Study on Application of Bimetallic Pt-Based Alloy Electrocatalysts in Advanced Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis

Application of an oxygen-depolarized cathode will contribute to energy saving in chlor-alkali electrolysis. For this purpose, the development of high-performance cathode with the best electrocatalyst is essential. Using bimetallic Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts including PtPd and PtAg carbon-supported in oxygen-depolarized cathode chlor-alkali cell has been shown to have the high cell performance. This study presents application of PtRu carbon supported electrocatalyst oxygen-depolarized cathode and performance comparison of cells with carbon-supported PtRu, PtPd and PtAg electrocatalysts cathodes using the same DSA-Cl2 anode. Results show that there are quite similarity between the effects of various factors on the caustic current efficiency (CCE) in a zero-gap oxygen-depolarized chlor-alkali cells employing carbon-supported PtPd, PtRu and PtAg electrocatalysts. Besides, it seems that the PtPd/C electrocatalyst cathode has relatively higher performance than the other cathodes with PtAg/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in zero-gap chlor-alkali cells.

Elevated Mercury in Ambient Air and Soils Impacts of Historical Air Emissions (1897-1991) from a Chlor-Alkali Plant (CAP)

Mercury contamination was found to be widespread in soils at a property in Upstate New York. Historical site use suggested that the mercury did not result from prior industrial use of the property. Soil contamination may have resulted from atmospheric deposition of mercury released from properties in close proximity to the contaminated property. The purpose of this forensics investigation was to examine to what extent atmospheric deposition of elemental mercury may have influenced mercury levels found in surficial soils on the contaminated property and further to identify the source(s) of the mercury. Work efforts included an examination of historical records available for a chlor-alkali plant (CAP) upwind of the contaminated property to establish historical use and disposal practices for elemental mercury. Mercury emissions test data from the Upstate New York chlor-alkali facility were modeled (USEPA ISC3) as a means of estimating impacts on ambient air and soils vicinal to the facility. Mercury emissions from the facility were modeled as both a point source and volume source. For example, at a location 305 meters to the east and 30 meters to the north of the modeled source centerline elemental mercury concentrations in ambient air were estimated at 270 ng/m3 (average results based upon 5 years of meteorological data). This value is contrasted to a background concentration of 1.6 ng/m3 (USEPA Report to Congress 1997). As a result of the modeling data in combination with findings related to mercury use and disposal practices at the NY CAP documented from the records review, it was concluded that emissions from the CAP facility during the period of operation (1897-1991) most likely accounted for the concentrations of elemental mercury found in surficial soils at properties situated downwind of the CAP. These findings were further corroborated by information available in the open literature for CAPs world-wide.

羊草（Aneurolepidium chinense）和虎尾草（Chloris virgata）体内Na￣＋积累动态的数学分析

本文对羊草、虎尾草体内Ｎａ￣＋积累和分布的规律，用数学方法进行了分析，结果表明：羊草对Ｎａ￣＋有很强的适应性，Ｎａ￣＋在其体内可不断积累，仅呈现出微弱的抵御Ｎａ￣＋入侵的机理。虎尾草随着Ｎａ￣＋不断地进入体内，呈现出较强地遏制Ｎａ￣＋入侵的机理，使进入体内的Ｎａ￣＋数量能够得到控制。羊草和虎尾草都是耐盐碱植物。

Adjustment of the Chinese Chlor-alkali Industry Is Imperative

In the last 10 years, the demand for chloralkaliproducts coming from theconstruction, plastic processing, alumina,paper-making and printing & dyeing industriesin China has increased dramatically.This has caused chlor-alkali enterprises toconstantly expand their capacities. In 2005-2007, the growth rate of China’s causticsoda capacity exceeded 20%. Encouragedby winning an anti-dumping case in 2003,

Chlor-alkali sector:seeking sounder development without the backing of export rebates

PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for causticsoda is reduced from 13% to0%.PVC in China has under-

Chlorine and Its Derivatives

With the development of China’s salt chemicalindustry,the output and capacity of sodaash and chlor-alkali have increased rapidly.Soda ash has been in oversupply.Chlor-alkaliplants mainly produce liquid chlorineand caustic soda.The development of chlorinederivative products is more importantbecause caustic soda is simpler to transportand store than liquid chlorine,and the downstreamproducts of liquid chlorine have

Lantai Industrial to Expand Sodium Chlorate

Inner Mongolia Lantai Industrial Co.,Ltd.(SH:600328) located in the northwest of China accomplished a sale revenue of RMB891 million in 2007,an increase of 9.84% over the previous year and a net profit of RMB59 million,an increase of 5.06%.Lantai Industrial reported that the perfor-mance growth was resulted from the satisfac-tory profit-earning status of metal sodium and sodium chlorate businesses.The capac-ity of metal sodium in the company is 45 000t/a,holding the third place in the world and the first place in Asia.The company gained RMB257 million operating revenue in metal sodium business in 2007,accounting for 29% of the total operating revenue in the company.The downstream demand for sodium chlor-ate is brisk in China.The company also

State of China Chlor-Alkali & PVC Industry

China’s chlorine and caustic demand has started at a relatively low base in the early 2000s.However,from the year 2000 onwards,the chlor-alkali industry has been

Lubei Enterprise Group Breaks Ground for Chlor-Alkali Project

On September 16th a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Shandong Lubei EnterpriseGroup General Company’s site in Wudi county,Shandong province for a RMB5 billionproject.The project that will be jointly funded by Jiangsu Sanmu Group and LubeiEnterprise Group includes a 600 000 t/a chlor-alkali plant,a 240 000 t/a epichloroydrinunit and a 200 000 t/a adipic acid unit.Construction will be proceeded in two phasesand completed in five years.Phase one,with planned investment of RMB3.7 billion,will be completed in 2011.Lubei Enterprise Group engages in the production of phosphate compound fertilizers,bromide,chlor-alkali and cement.Jiangsu Sanmu Group is China’s leading producer ofresins for coatings.

Chlor-Alkali Makers Wait for Help

China’s chlor-alkali makers are facing a sternsituation, commented by Li Jun, president ofShanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. (SH:600618) at a conference held in Beijing September4th.Amid the global economic crisis, the outputof both polyvinyl chloride (PVC) andcaustic soda (CS) plummeted with a low operatingrate, which was the first problem

Pingmei Shenma Resumes Construction of Chlor-Alkali Project

On December 29th,2008 China Pingmei Shenma Energy Chemical Group Co.,Ltd.(PingmeiShenma)resumed construction of its chlor-alkali project in Pingdingshan of Henan province.The chlor-alkali project,once owned by Shenma Group,includes a 300 000 t/a PVC(polyvinyl chloride)unit and a 300 000 t/a caustic soda unit.Construction on the

Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical to Bring in Strategic Investor by Share Sale

Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. has put 14 million shar(?)s on sale in April on theShanghai United Assets and Equity Exchange.Zunyi Chlor-Alkali Chemical, or formerly Zunyi Soda Ash Plant, is the only chlor-alkalimaker in Guizhou province and one of the 13 key national designated chlor-alkali companies.It has a total share of 170 million, and is controlled by the State-Assets Supervision

Changzhou Chemical Plans to Spin off Chlor-Alkali Business

Changzhou Chemical Factory has put all its 89.92% state-owned interest inJiangsu Jiangdong Chemical Co., Ltd.on sale, according to the Jiangsu Assets &Equity Exchange.Jiangsu Jiangdong, founded in 2001, is a comprehensive chemical companyfocused on the production of chlor-alkali products, according to open information.The company owns a 170 000 t/a caustic soda facility, a 200 000 t/a PVC line,a 25 000 t/a toluene chloride plant, and a 10 000 t/a trichlorosilane facility.Jiangsu Jiangdong also owns Changzhou Xindong Chemical

Impacts of PVC Futures Trading on the Chlor-Alkali Sector

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) futures enteredDalian Commodity Exchange on May 25th,2009. Many PVC producers are already activelyinvolved today. They plan to compensatefor their losses in the spot marketthrough futures/spot arbitrage. Those whohave not yet gotten involved are also closelyconcerning the price trend and the transactionactivity in the futures market. The startof PVC futures trading will promote sounddevelopment of the chlor-alkali sector inChina.

CNSG Launched Chlor-Alkali Project

CNSG Anhui Hong Sifang Co Ltd announced that the constructionschedule for its chlor-alkali project has passed the assessment organizedby its director board and majority shareholder - China NationalSalt Industry Corporation (CNSG) on July 5th,representing that theproject was formally launched in Hefei,Anhui province.The project,which was approved by the Hefei authorities in

High Cost Brought Pressure and Push to Chlor-Alkali PVC Firms Reported Plunged Performance

China produced 4.876 million tons of PVC (polyvinyl chloride),9.89 million tons of caustic soda and 75.93 million tons of cal-cium carbide in the first half of 2008,up 8.88%,12.75% and 11.8% respectively.High cost brings new challenges to China’s chlor-alkali firms,which is gener-ally accepted by the members of

氯碱企业整流系统谐波的治理

分析了配电系统中谐波的产生原因及谐波对生产过程的影响,介绍了某氯碱企业整流系统谐波治理方案。

实施自控提升项目,提升氯碱装置自动化水平

自控率是衡量一个化工装置运行自动化水平高低的重要指标,自控率的提升可以帮助氯碱装置安稳运行、指标优化、节能降耗。该文分析了影响氯碱装置自控率提升存在的问题,通过自控提升项目实施,解决了影响装置自控率提升的主要问题。项目实施后,装置运行自控率、平稳率明显升高,氯碱装置的自动化水平得到了明显提升。