AIM To determine the expression and clinicalsignificance of chromogranin A and cathepsin Din hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Double immunofluorescence stain-ing techniques combined with laser confocalscanning mi...AIM To determine the expression and clinicalsignificance of chromogranin A and cathepsin Din hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Double immunofluorescence stain-ing techniques combined with laser confocalscanning microscopy(LSCM)was used toinvestigate chromogranin A and cathepsin Dexpressions in 85 HCC patients.RESULTS Cathepsin D was expressed in :3normal liver tissues,while in HCC the stainingshowed regional variation and the fraction ofstrongly stained cells increased as the tumorsbecame less differentiated and usually clinicallymore malignant.Cells which showed strongpositivity for cathepsin D were present in 71/85(83.5%)cases.Strong expression of cathepsinD in cancer cells was related tohistopathological features.They were morecommon in grade 3-4(26/28,92.9%)and grade2(46/53,86.8%)tumors than in grade 1 tumors(1/4,25.0%)(P【0.01).No significantcorrelation was found between age andcathepsin D expression.In patients with positivecathepsin D reaction,the mean age was 52.1±2.8 years(range 32-68 years)and in the groupwith negative reaction,the mean age was 51.3±4.5 years(range 28-71 years).No obvious relationship was observed between CgAexpression in cancer cells and thehistopathological features.The CgA positiverate was 75.0%(3/4)in grade 1,71.7%(38/53)in grade 2,and 71.4%(20/28)in grade 3-4(P】0.05)tumors.The coexpression of CgA andcathepsin D was found by double labeledimmunofluorescence staining techniques.Theprocessing of cathepsin D was disturbed in HCCcells and accumulated in the cells.Cathepsin Dhad proteolytic activity and autocrine mitogeniceffect,suggesting their functions in invasion.These findings demonstrated that the expressionof cathepsin D in HCC had prognostic value.CONCLUSION Chromogranin A and cathepsin Dare expressed in a high proportion of HCC andthe existence of cathepsin D in HCC might berelated to processing of CgA.This is clearly asubject for further studies because of itspotential clinical applications.展开更多
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a poorly understood oral pain disorder characterized by a painful burning sensation in the oral cavity without any mucosal abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated the salivary cortis...Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a poorly understood oral pain disorder characterized by a painful burning sensation in the oral cavity without any mucosal abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated the salivary cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) levels of patients with BMS in comparison with age-matched controls. Subjects (n = 114) included 81 BMS patients and 33 controls. Patients with BMS were further classified into a subgroup of subjects who occasionally feel a burning sensation (BMS 1), and a subgroup of subjects who always feel a burning sensation (BMS 2). Salivary cortisol and CgA levels were measured using ELISA kits. All individuals with BMS had significantly higher cortisol and CgA levels than the controls did. Furthermore, when comparing the controls with each BMS subgroup, salivary levels of cortisol were significantly higher in both subgroups than controls. In contrast, the level of CgA was significantly higher in the BMS 2 subgroup only. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant independent association between salivary levels of cortisol and BMS even after adjustment for gender, antidepressant or antianxiety drug use and hypertension (drug-treated). The study revealed that a significant association was observed between salivary cortisol levels and BMS.展开更多
Chromogranin A, due to its primary expression throughout the neuroendocrine system, is a widely accepted biomarker for the assessment of neuro-endocrine tumors. It has been traditionally used in the management of pati...Chromogranin A, due to its primary expression throughout the neuroendocrine system, is a widely accepted biomarker for the assessment of neuro-endocrine tumors. It has been traditionally used in the management of patients with tumors of gastro-enteropancreatic origin. Lately, it has also been implicated in various conditions and diseases, both benign and malignant. However, the paucity of data of adequate strength, as well as its relation with common physiologic conditions and its interaction with commonly prescribed medications, limit its clinical use in only a narrow spectrum. Herein, we present a thorough review to the most frequent conditions where its levels are affected, focusing specifically on its potential use as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in oncology.展开更多
AIM: The utility of serum alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is questionable.High serum levels of chromogranin-A (CgA) have recently been reported in HCC. Impaired hepatic, r...AIM: The utility of serum alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is questionable.High serum levels of chromogranin-A (CgA) have recently been reported in HCC. Impaired hepatic, renal, and heart functions influence circulating CgA. The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity and specificity of serum CgA as a marker of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).METHODS: Serum CgA levels were measured by RIA in 339 patients of which 54 HCC, 132 LC, 45 chronic hepatitis (CH), 27 chronic heart failure (CHF), 36 chronic renal failure (CRF), 45 chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)as disease controls and in 75 healthy controls. Patients with liver disease or IBD and concomitant renal and/or heart failure were excluded. Pearson correlation, nonparametric combination test and confidence interval analysis were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Serum CgA above normal values (100 ng/mL)were found in 83% of HCC patients, in 48% of LC patients,in 20% of CH patients, in 33% of IBD patients, in 92% of CRF patients, in 100% of CHF patients, and in none of the healthy controls. The mean CgA values in HCC (769±1 046), in LC (249±369), in CH (87±94), in CRF (1 390±1 401), in CHF (577±539), in IBD (146±287) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (48±18).HCC patients had higher CgA values (P＜0.01) than LC,CH, and IBD patients but did not differ from those with CRF or CHF. The 95% CI for the mean (250-1 289 ng/mL)in HCC patients was selected as a CgA range and the lower value of such range was assumed as cut-off.Sensitivity and specificity of CgA, calculated in relation to the cut-off in patients with cirrhosis and HCC, were respectively 61% (CI 48-73%) and 82% (CI 75-88%).Serum α-FP values were ＞200 ng/mL in 21% of the HCC patients and in none of the LC patients. No significant correlation was found between α-FP and CgA in patients with HCC and in patients with cirrhosis.CONCLUSION: When HCC is suspected and α-FP is normal or ＜200 ng/mL, CgA serum values represent a complementary diagnostic tool, unless kidney or heart failure is present.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which Qinghua decoction(清化饮)regulates neuroendocrine inflammation in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis(CNP)model rats and provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment.ME...OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which Qinghua decoction(清化饮)regulates neuroendocrine inflammation in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis(CNP)model rats and provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal control,model,Qianlie Tongyu capsule,low-dose Qinghua decoction,medium-dose Qinghua decoction,and high-dose Qinghua decoction group with six rats in each group.Rats in each group were sacrificed on the 29th day of treatment,and blood and prostate tissues were collected.Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1-beta,6,8,and 10(TNF-αand IL-1β,-6,-8,and-10,respectively)were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The pathological changes in the rat prostate tissue in each group were observed under a light microscope.The expression levels of chromogranin A(CgA),nerve growth factor(NGF),and tyrosine kinase A(TrkA)were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of CgA,NGF,and TrkA.RESULTS:In the model group,the prostate capsule membrane and stroma were significantly dilated with more inflammatory cells infiltrating the stroma and perivessels.TNF-α,IL-1β,-6,and-8,CgA,NGF,and TrkA levels increased,whereas the content of IL-10 decreased,which was statistically significant compared to that in the normal control group(P<0.05).Prostate tissue cells in the high-dose group were neatly arranged with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.When compared with the model group,the high-dose Qinghua decoction group showed a significant improvement in these indices(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Qinghua decoction led to inhibition of pathological changes in the prostate tissue of rats with CNP,regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression,and inhibition in the expression of CgA,NGF,and TrkA.This mechanism may be primarily related to regulation of the CgA/NGF/TrkA signaling pathway mediated by various inflammatory factors.展开更多
We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chromogranin A （CgA） in castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）. We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for citations ...We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chromogranin A （CgA） in castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）. We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for citations published prior to September 2017 that described CgA and CRPC and performed a standard meta-analysis on survival outcomes. Our meta-analysis included eight eligible studies with 686 patients. The results were as follows： progression-free survival （PFS） was associated with CgA level （hazard ratio [HR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.47-4.14, P = 0.0006）; PFS was relative to CgA change （HR = 9.22, 95% Ch 3.03-28.05, P〈 0.0001）; and overall survival （OS） was relative to CgA level （HR = 1.47, 95% Ch 1.15-1.87, P= 0.002）. When we divided the patients into two groups according to therapy status, the result for OS relative to CgA level was an HR of 1.26 （95% CI： 1.09-1.45, P = 0.001） in the first-line hormonal therapy group, and an HR of 2.33 （95% Ch 1.40-3.89, P = 0.001） in the second-line hormonal therapy or chemotherapy group. This meta-analysis indicated that a high CgA level had a negative influence on OS and PFS in CRPC patients. In addition, CRPC patients with a rising CgA had a shorter PFS. Further studies are needed to verify the prognostic value of CgA in CRPC.展开更多
Aim:Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most prevalent male cancer worldwide and designated the sixth most frequent male cancer in Arab countries.Although prostate specific antigen(PSA)has become the best and most valua...Aim:Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most prevalent male cancer worldwide and designated the sixth most frequent male cancer in Arab countries.Although prostate specific antigen(PSA)has become the best and most valuable biomarker for screening of PCa,elevated levels of PSA can reflect the presence of malignant cells but can overlap with benign prostatic diseases.There is a necessity to develop and improve current tools for early detection and diagnosis of PCa.This study was done to evaluate the validation of serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),IGF binding protein-3(IGFBP-3),chromogranin A(CgA)and combination with PSA in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and PCa patients.Methods:The study included 72 patients with PCa,70 BPH patients and 56 healthy male subjects of matched age.Full history and clinical data were recorded for all subjects.Results:Serum PSA attained sensitivity of 84%at 82%specificity with an accuracy of 83%,although IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and CgA did not recognize PCa patients.Conclusion:Combinations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 biomarkers with PSA were effectively differentiated between PCa and control groups as well as improving the overall value of sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of PCa to 85%and 86%for IGF-1/PSA and IGFP-3/PSA respectively.展开更多
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a kind of acidic protein originally isolated from the chromaffin cells of the ox adrenal gland medulla. It was found that the CgA was also widely distributed in the neuroendocrine cells besides...Chromogranin A (CgA) is a kind of acidic protein originally isolated from the chromaffin cells of the ox adrenal gland medulla. It was found that the CgA was also widely distributed in the neuroendocrine cells besides the adrenal medulla. The physiological function of the CgA is not yet elucidated, but it was presumed to be involved in organizing the granule matrix and regulating the processing of the prohormones. Besides, CgA is also the precursor of some peptide hormones such展开更多
Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,relapsing,multifactorial inflammatory disease with genetic,environmental,and immunological characteristics.The quality of life and sleep of patients and their families are affected by...Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,relapsing,multifactorial inflammatory disease with genetic,environmental,and immunological characteristics.The quality of life and sleep of patients and their families are affected by AD,which triggers stress,described as one of the factors that worsens AD.Salivary biomarkers such as cortisol,alpha-amylase,chromogranin A,and melatonin have been associated with stress and sleep disturbances.Therefore,the evaluation of stress and sleep disorders using salivary biomarkers in AD patients is important.This review aims to describe the possible relationship between atopic dermatitis and stress,sleep disorders,and salivary biomarkers,seeking to contribute to better understanding and clinical management of AD.This descriptive study is characterized as a narrative literature review.A literature search was conducted of studies published in English and Portuguese between January 2012 and October 2022 that are available in electronic media from various databases,such as Scientific Electronic Library Online,Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences,and PubMed.AD is associated with different degrees of impact on the lives of individuals who present with the disease.Psychological stress may induce changes in saliva composition and worsen AD;at the same time,the severity of the disease may be associated with emotional impact.Further studies are needed to assess and correlate AD severity,stress,and sleep disturbances with salivary biomarkers in order to better understand this association.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells,which contribute a small fraction of gastrointestinal malignancies.Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors(dNETs...BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells,which contribute a small fraction of gastrointestinal malignancies.Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors(dNETs)represent 2%of all gastroenteropancreatic NENs.NENs are heterogeneous in terms of clinical symptoms,location,and prognosis.Non-functional NETs are mostly asymptomatic and need a high degree of clinical suspicion.Diagnosis of NETs is by endoscopic,endosonographic biopsy,and histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A.CASE SUMMARY We present case reports of 5 patients obtained over a period of 10 years in our center with dNETs.One patient had moderately differentiated NET and the remaining four had well-differentiated NET.Surveillance endoscopy was recommended in all the patients and is kept under regular follow-up after performing endoscopic therapy using endoscopic mucosal resection in 4 of them and one patient was advised to undergo a Whipple procedure.CONCLUSION Recently,the number of reported cases of NETs has increased due to advancements in diagnostic modalities and prevalence because of longer survival duration.The management differs based on the site,size,proliferation grade,and locally invasive pattern.They are slow-growing tumors with a good overall prognosis.The prognosis correlates with local lymph node status and metastasis.展开更多
The granin glycoprotein family consists of nine acidic proteins;chromogranin A(CgA),chromogranin B(CgB),and secretogranin II–VIII.They are produced by a wide range of neuronal,neuroendocrine,and endocrine cells throu...The granin glycoprotein family consists of nine acidic proteins;chromogranin A(CgA),chromogranin B(CgB),and secretogranin II–VIII.They are produced by a wide range of neuronal,neuroendocrine,and endocrine cells throughout the human body.Their major intracellular function is to sort peptides and proteins into secretory granules,but their cleavage products also take part in the extracellular regulation of diverse biological processes.The contribution of granins to carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus is a recent research area.CgA is associated with glucose homeostasis and the progression of type 1 diabetes.WE-14,CgA10-19,and CgA43-52 are peptide derivates of CgA,and act as CD4+or CD8+autoantigens in type 1 diabetes,whereas pancreastatin(PST)and catestatin have regulatory effects in carbohydrate metabolism.Furthermore,PST is related to gestational and type 2 diabetes.CgB has a crucial role in physiological insulin secretion.Secretogranins II and III have angiogenic activity in diabetic retinopathy(DR),and are novel targets in recent DR studies.Ongoing studies are beginning to investigate the potential use of granin derivatives as drugs to treat diabetes based on the divergent relationships between granins and different types of diabetes.展开更多
基金the Foundation of Chinese PLA 117 Hospital,No.98009
文摘AIM To determine the expression and clinicalsignificance of chromogranin A and cathepsin Din hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Double immunofluorescence stain-ing techniques combined with laser confocalscanning microscopy(LSCM)was used toinvestigate chromogranin A and cathepsin Dexpressions in 85 HCC patients.RESULTS Cathepsin D was expressed in :3normal liver tissues,while in HCC the stainingshowed regional variation and the fraction ofstrongly stained cells increased as the tumorsbecame less differentiated and usually clinicallymore malignant.Cells which showed strongpositivity for cathepsin D were present in 71/85(83.5%)cases.Strong expression of cathepsinD in cancer cells was related tohistopathological features.They were morecommon in grade 3-4(26/28,92.9%)and grade2(46/53,86.8%)tumors than in grade 1 tumors(1/4,25.0%)(P【0.01).No significantcorrelation was found between age andcathepsin D expression.In patients with positivecathepsin D reaction,the mean age was 52.1±2.8 years(range 32-68 years)and in the groupwith negative reaction,the mean age was 51.3±4.5 years(range 28-71 years).No obvious relationship was observed between CgAexpression in cancer cells and thehistopathological features.The CgA positiverate was 75.0%(3/4)in grade 1,71.7%(38/53)in grade 2,and 71.4%(20/28)in grade 3-4(P】0.05)tumors.The coexpression of CgA andcathepsin D was found by double labeledimmunofluorescence staining techniques.Theprocessing of cathepsin D was disturbed in HCCcells and accumulated in the cells.Cathepsin Dhad proteolytic activity and autocrine mitogeniceffect,suggesting their functions in invasion.These findings demonstrated that the expressionof cathepsin D in HCC had prognostic value.CONCLUSION Chromogranin A and cathepsin Dare expressed in a high proportion of HCC andthe existence of cathepsin D in HCC might berelated to processing of CgA.This is clearly asubject for further studies because of itspotential clinical applications.
文摘Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a poorly understood oral pain disorder characterized by a painful burning sensation in the oral cavity without any mucosal abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated the salivary cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) levels of patients with BMS in comparison with age-matched controls. Subjects (n = 114) included 81 BMS patients and 33 controls. Patients with BMS were further classified into a subgroup of subjects who occasionally feel a burning sensation (BMS 1), and a subgroup of subjects who always feel a burning sensation (BMS 2). Salivary cortisol and CgA levels were measured using ELISA kits. All individuals with BMS had significantly higher cortisol and CgA levels than the controls did. Furthermore, when comparing the controls with each BMS subgroup, salivary levels of cortisol were significantly higher in both subgroups than controls. In contrast, the level of CgA was significantly higher in the BMS 2 subgroup only. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant independent association between salivary levels of cortisol and BMS even after adjustment for gender, antidepressant or antianxiety drug use and hypertension (drug-treated). The study revealed that a significant association was observed between salivary cortisol levels and BMS.
文摘Chromogranin A, due to its primary expression throughout the neuroendocrine system, is a widely accepted biomarker for the assessment of neuro-endocrine tumors. It has been traditionally used in the management of patients with tumors of gastro-enteropancreatic origin. Lately, it has also been implicated in various conditions and diseases, both benign and malignant. However, the paucity of data of adequate strength, as well as its relation with common physiologic conditions and its interaction with commonly prescribed medications, limit its clinical use in only a narrow spectrum. Herein, we present a thorough review to the most frequent conditions where its levels are affected, focusing specifically on its potential use as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in oncology.
文摘AIM: The utility of serum alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is questionable.High serum levels of chromogranin-A (CgA) have recently been reported in HCC. Impaired hepatic, renal, and heart functions influence circulating CgA. The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity and specificity of serum CgA as a marker of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).METHODS: Serum CgA levels were measured by RIA in 339 patients of which 54 HCC, 132 LC, 45 chronic hepatitis (CH), 27 chronic heart failure (CHF), 36 chronic renal failure (CRF), 45 chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)as disease controls and in 75 healthy controls. Patients with liver disease or IBD and concomitant renal and/or heart failure were excluded. Pearson correlation, nonparametric combination test and confidence interval analysis were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Serum CgA above normal values (100 ng/mL)were found in 83% of HCC patients, in 48% of LC patients,in 20% of CH patients, in 33% of IBD patients, in 92% of CRF patients, in 100% of CHF patients, and in none of the healthy controls. The mean CgA values in HCC (769±1 046), in LC (249±369), in CH (87±94), in CRF (1 390±1 401), in CHF (577±539), in IBD (146±287) were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (48±18).HCC patients had higher CgA values (P＜0.01) than LC,CH, and IBD patients but did not differ from those with CRF or CHF. The 95% CI for the mean (250-1 289 ng/mL)in HCC patients was selected as a CgA range and the lower value of such range was assumed as cut-off.Sensitivity and specificity of CgA, calculated in relation to the cut-off in patients with cirrhosis and HCC, were respectively 61% (CI 48-73%) and 82% (CI 75-88%).Serum α-FP values were ＞200 ng/mL in 21% of the HCC patients and in none of the LC patients. No significant correlation was found between α-FP and CgA in patients with HCC and in patients with cirrhosis.CONCLUSION: When HCC is suspected and α-FP is normal or ＜200 ng/mL, CgA serum values represent a complementary diagnostic tool, unless kidney or heart failure is present.
基金Hebei Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project:Study on the Neuroendocrine Mechanism of Chronic Prostatitis Rats Regulated by the Method of Clearing heat and Dampness,Activating Blood and Removing Stasis(No.2019087)Hebei Provincial Department of Education for Postgraduate Innovation Ability Training Project:the Mechanism of Improving Pulmonary Function of COPD Rats with Lung Qi Deficiency by Regulating Intestinal Bacteria with Peitu Shengjin Formula(No.CXZZBS2020151)Provincial Universities Basic Research Funds Special Project:Study on the Mechanism of Shenling Baizhu Powder Based on Lung Intestine Axis to Interfere with the Deficiency of Lung and Spleen in Experimental COPD(YJZ2019010)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which Qinghua decoction(清化饮)regulates neuroendocrine inflammation in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis(CNP)model rats and provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment.METHODS:The rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal control,model,Qianlie Tongyu capsule,low-dose Qinghua decoction,medium-dose Qinghua decoction,and high-dose Qinghua decoction group with six rats in each group.Rats in each group were sacrificed on the 29th day of treatment,and blood and prostate tissues were collected.Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1-beta,6,8,and 10(TNF-αand IL-1β,-6,-8,and-10,respectively)were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The pathological changes in the rat prostate tissue in each group were observed under a light microscope.The expression levels of chromogranin A(CgA),nerve growth factor(NGF),and tyrosine kinase A(TrkA)were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of CgA,NGF,and TrkA.RESULTS:In the model group,the prostate capsule membrane and stroma were significantly dilated with more inflammatory cells infiltrating the stroma and perivessels.TNF-α,IL-1β,-6,and-8,CgA,NGF,and TrkA levels increased,whereas the content of IL-10 decreased,which was statistically significant compared to that in the normal control group(P<0.05).Prostate tissue cells in the high-dose group were neatly arranged with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.When compared with the model group,the high-dose Qinghua decoction group showed a significant improvement in these indices(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Qinghua decoction led to inhibition of pathological changes in the prostate tissue of rats with CNP,regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression,and inhibition in the expression of CgA,NGF,and TrkA.This mechanism may be primarily related to regulation of the CgA/NGF/TrkA signaling pathway mediated by various inflammatory factors.
文摘We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chromogranin A （CgA） in castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC）. We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for citations published prior to September 2017 that described CgA and CRPC and performed a standard meta-analysis on survival outcomes. Our meta-analysis included eight eligible studies with 686 patients. The results were as follows： progression-free survival （PFS） was associated with CgA level （hazard ratio [HR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.47-4.14, P = 0.0006）; PFS was relative to CgA change （HR = 9.22, 95% Ch 3.03-28.05, P〈 0.0001）; and overall survival （OS） was relative to CgA level （HR = 1.47, 95% Ch 1.15-1.87, P= 0.002）. When we divided the patients into two groups according to therapy status, the result for OS relative to CgA level was an HR of 1.26 （95% CI： 1.09-1.45, P = 0.001） in the first-line hormonal therapy group, and an HR of 2.33 （95% Ch 1.40-3.89, P = 0.001） in the second-line hormonal therapy or chemotherapy group. This meta-analysis indicated that a high CgA level had a negative influence on OS and PFS in CRPC patients. In addition, CRPC patients with a rising CgA had a shorter PFS. Further studies are needed to verify the prognostic value of CgA in CRPC.
文摘Aim:Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most prevalent male cancer worldwide and designated the sixth most frequent male cancer in Arab countries.Although prostate specific antigen(PSA)has become the best and most valuable biomarker for screening of PCa,elevated levels of PSA can reflect the presence of malignant cells but can overlap with benign prostatic diseases.There is a necessity to develop and improve current tools for early detection and diagnosis of PCa.This study was done to evaluate the validation of serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),IGF binding protein-3(IGFBP-3),chromogranin A(CgA)and combination with PSA in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and PCa patients.Methods:The study included 72 patients with PCa,70 BPH patients and 56 healthy male subjects of matched age.Full history and clinical data were recorded for all subjects.Results:Serum PSA attained sensitivity of 84%at 82%specificity with an accuracy of 83%,although IGF-1,IGFBP-3 and CgA did not recognize PCa patients.Conclusion:Combinations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 biomarkers with PSA were effectively differentiated between PCa and control groups as well as improving the overall value of sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of PCa to 85%and 86%for IGF-1/PSA and IGFP-3/PSA respectively.
文摘Chromogranin A (CgA) is a kind of acidic protein originally isolated from the chromaffin cells of the ox adrenal gland medulla. It was found that the CgA was also widely distributed in the neuroendocrine cells besides the adrenal medulla. The physiological function of the CgA is not yet elucidated, but it was presumed to be involved in organizing the granule matrix and regulating the processing of the prohormones. Besides, CgA is also the precursor of some peptide hormones such
文摘Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,relapsing,multifactorial inflammatory disease with genetic,environmental,and immunological characteristics.The quality of life and sleep of patients and their families are affected by AD,which triggers stress,described as one of the factors that worsens AD.Salivary biomarkers such as cortisol,alpha-amylase,chromogranin A,and melatonin have been associated with stress and sleep disturbances.Therefore,the evaluation of stress and sleep disorders using salivary biomarkers in AD patients is important.This review aims to describe the possible relationship between atopic dermatitis and stress,sleep disorders,and salivary biomarkers,seeking to contribute to better understanding and clinical management of AD.This descriptive study is characterized as a narrative literature review.A literature search was conducted of studies published in English and Portuguese between January 2012 and October 2022 that are available in electronic media from various databases,such as Scientific Electronic Library Online,Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences,and PubMed.AD is associated with different degrees of impact on the lives of individuals who present with the disease.Psychological stress may induce changes in saliva composition and worsen AD;at the same time,the severity of the disease may be associated with emotional impact.Further studies are needed to assess and correlate AD severity,stress,and sleep disturbances with salivary biomarkers in order to better understand this association.
文摘BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells,which contribute a small fraction of gastrointestinal malignancies.Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors(dNETs)represent 2%of all gastroenteropancreatic NENs.NENs are heterogeneous in terms of clinical symptoms,location,and prognosis.Non-functional NETs are mostly asymptomatic and need a high degree of clinical suspicion.Diagnosis of NETs is by endoscopic,endosonographic biopsy,and histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A.CASE SUMMARY We present case reports of 5 patients obtained over a period of 10 years in our center with dNETs.One patient had moderately differentiated NET and the remaining four had well-differentiated NET.Surveillance endoscopy was recommended in all the patients and is kept under regular follow-up after performing endoscopic therapy using endoscopic mucosal resection in 4 of them and one patient was advised to undergo a Whipple procedure.CONCLUSION Recently,the number of reported cases of NETs has increased due to advancements in diagnostic modalities and prevalence because of longer survival duration.The management differs based on the site,size,proliferation grade,and locally invasive pattern.They are slow-growing tumors with a good overall prognosis.The prognosis correlates with local lymph node status and metastasis.
基金Supported by the UNKP-20-4-I New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund.
文摘The granin glycoprotein family consists of nine acidic proteins;chromogranin A(CgA),chromogranin B(CgB),and secretogranin II–VIII.They are produced by a wide range of neuronal,neuroendocrine,and endocrine cells throughout the human body.Their major intracellular function is to sort peptides and proteins into secretory granules,but their cleavage products also take part in the extracellular regulation of diverse biological processes.The contribution of granins to carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus is a recent research area.CgA is associated with glucose homeostasis and the progression of type 1 diabetes.WE-14,CgA10-19,and CgA43-52 are peptide derivates of CgA,and act as CD4+or CD8+autoantigens in type 1 diabetes,whereas pancreastatin(PST)and catestatin have regulatory effects in carbohydrate metabolism.Furthermore,PST is related to gestational and type 2 diabetes.CgB has a crucial role in physiological insulin secretion.Secretogranins II and III have angiogenic activity in diabetic retinopathy(DR),and are novel targets in recent DR studies.Ongoing studies are beginning to investigate the potential use of granin derivatives as drugs to treat diabetes based on the divergent relationships between granins and different types of diabetes.
