English speaking skill is one of the most important skills that senior high students need to obtain in learning English.However,there are still many problems existing in students’speaking practice.As a teaching and l...English speaking skill is one of the most important skills that senior high students need to obtain in learning English.However,there are still many problems existing in students’speaking practice.As a teaching and learning strategy,Chunking is now gradually used in English classroom and has received a positive feedback.Therefore,in this paper,the influence of Chunking on improving English speaking skill among senior high school students will be investigated and analyzed through the methods of questionnaire and the follow-up interview to answer four questions:(1)What effect does Chunking have on the oral fluency of high school students?(2)What effect does Chunking have on the oral accuracy of high school students?(3)What effect does Chunking have on the vocabulary?And(4)Does the English speaking performance relate to genders?After analyzing the results of questionnaire by the SPSS and summing up the interview record,we found that most of them agree the fact that the strategy of Chunking does benefit their oral fluency,oral accuracy,and vocabulary.Also,female students have higher scores than male students.展开更多
Due to the development of technology in medicine,millions of health-related data such as scanning the images are generated.It is a great challenge to store the data and handle a massive volume of data.Healthcare data ...Due to the development of technology in medicine,millions of health-related data such as scanning the images are generated.It is a great challenge to store the data and handle a massive volume of data.Healthcare data is stored in the cloud-fog storage environments.This cloud-Fog based health model allows the users to get health-related data from different sources,and duplicated informa-tion is also available in the background.Therefore,it requires an additional sto-rage area,increase in data acquisition time,and insecure data replication in the environment.This paper is proposed to eliminate the de-duplication data using a window size chunking algorithm with a biased sampling-based bloomfilter and provide the health data security using the Advanced Signature-Based Encryp-tion(ASE)algorithm in the Fog-Cloud Environment(WCA-BF+ASE).This WCA-BF+ASE eliminates the duplicate copy of the data and minimizes its sto-rage space and maintenance cost.The data is also stored in an efficient and in a highly secured manner.The security level in the cloud storage environment Win-dows Chunking Algorithm(WSCA)has got 86.5%,two thresholds two divisors(TTTD)80%,Ordinal in Python(ORD)84.4%,Boom Filter(BF)82%,and the proposed work has got better security storage of 97%.And also,after applying the de-duplication process,the proposed method WCA-BF+ASE has required only less storage space for variousfile sizes of 10 KB for 200,400 MB has taken only 22 KB,and 600 MB has required 35 KB,800 MB has consumed only 38 KB,1000 MB has taken 40 KB of storage spaces.展开更多
Listening is an important input way of language learning,and is closely related to language learning.Now,listening is still a weakness for English learners in colleges.In recent years,many experts and scholars have ex...Listening is an important input way of language learning,and is closely related to language learning.Now,listening is still a weakness for English learners in colleges.In recent years,many experts and scholars have explored the application of lexical chunks in teaching,trying to solve the problem of students’vocabulary acquisition.However,there are relatively few researches between lexical chunks and listening achievement.Based on the lexical chunks theory,the research finds that lexical chunks teaching can relieve students’anxiety in English listening,improve their English listening scores,and stimulate students’chunk consciousness.展开更多
Language is the most important tool for human beings with the outside world.In order to improve the efficiency of communication,people need to maximize the efficiency of language processing to ensure the smooth produc...Language is the most important tool for human beings with the outside world.In order to improve the efficiency of communication,people need to maximize the efficiency of language processing to ensure the smooth production and understanding of the meaning,although it is a subtle and complex process in human communication.As Dr.Widdowson proposed that language knowledge is largely chunk knowledge in the 1980’s.The process of language output is the process of copying prefabricated Chunks knowledge and then transferring it to language output.Based on data collected before,this paper intends to study the dominant reproduction and implicit output of the English language from the perspective of prefabricated chunks,to play a guiding role in optimizing the output ability of EFL learners.展开更多
Lexical chunks minimize the language learners'burden of memorization and play a very important role in saving language pro cessing efforts so as to improve the learners'language fluency,appropriacy and idiomat...Lexical chunks minimize the language learners'burden of memorization and play a very important role in saving language pro cessing efforts so as to improve the learners'language fluency,appropriacy and idiomaticity.Lexical chunks are taken as"scaffolding"in college English teaching to effectively enhance learners'language proficiency.展开更多
This paper aims to demonstrate the pervasiveness of metaphor chunks in News English and introduce effective ways of understanding themcorrectly from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.Considering the difficulty ...This paper aims to demonstrate the pervasiveness of metaphor chunks in News English and introduce effective ways of understanding themcorrectly from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.Considering the difficulty in making out the accurate meaning of metaphor chunks in News Eng-lish,some translation strategies have also been proposed in hopes that it will benefit readers in their understanding and appreciation of News English.展开更多
Based on the concepts of Lexical Chunks and Multimodal Teaching,this paper focuses the input source of English vocabulary learning,integrating the advantages of Lexical Approach with Multimodal Teaching.As a new teach...Based on the concepts of Lexical Chunks and Multimodal Teaching,this paper focuses the input source of English vocabulary learning,integrating the advantages of Lexical Approach with Multimodal Teaching.As a new teaching exploration of English vocabulary,the teaching practice in classroom has shown that teachers should make full and reasonable use of various teaching means and resources to achieve multimodal teaching of lexical chunks,which is helpful to promote students to learn vocabulary quickly and effectively,and improve students'English language competence and performance.展开更多
Short-term memory allows individuals to recall stimuli, such as numbers or words, for several seconds to several minutes without rehearsal. Although the capacity of short-term memory is considered to be 7 ±?2 ...Short-term memory allows individuals to recall stimuli, such as numbers or words, for several seconds to several minutes without rehearsal. Although the capacity of short-term memory is considered to be 7 ±?2 items, this can be increased through a process called chunking. For example, in Japan, 11-digit cellular phone numbers and 10-digit toll free numbers are chunked into three groups of three or four digits: 090-XXXX-XXXX and 0120-XXX-XXX, respectively. We use probability theory to predict that the most effective chunking involves groups of three or four items, such as in phone numbers. However, a 16-digit credit card number exceeds the capacity of short-term memory, even when chunked into groups of four digits, such as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX. Based on these data, 16-digit credit card numbers should be sufficient for security purposes.展开更多
Currently, large amounts of information exist in Web sites and various digital media. Most of them are in natural lan-guage. They are easy to be browsed, but difficult to be understood by computer. Chunk parsing and e...Currently, large amounts of information exist in Web sites and various digital media. Most of them are in natural lan-guage. They are easy to be browsed, but difficult to be understood by computer. Chunk parsing and entity relation extracting is important work to understanding information semantic in natural language processing. Chunk analysis is a shallow parsing method, and entity relation extraction is used in establishing relationship between entities. Because full syntax parsing is complexity in Chinese text understanding, many researchers is more interesting in chunk analysis and relation extraction. Conditional random fields (CRFs) model is the valid probabilistic model to segment and label sequence data. This paper models chunk and entity relation problems in Chinese text. By transforming them into label solution we can use CRFs to realize the chunk analysis and entities relation extraction.展开更多
Lexical chunks,as one of the most important units with the feature of both grammar and vocabulary in a language use,as the smallest unit of language input,memory,storage and output,has a very broad application prospec...Lexical chunks,as one of the most important units with the feature of both grammar and vocabulary in a language use,as the smallest unit of language input,memory,storage and output,has a very broad application prospect in teaching college English writing.Lexical chunk is semi-refined language,which can be used as a whole stored in the memory,and can be extracted directly in use.Lexical chunks can effectively improve processing efficiency of the language resource information,alleviate learners ' timed writing pressure,overcome the influence of negative transfer of native language,to improve the students' writing fluency,accuracy and vitality.展开更多
As a new way to learn English, lexical chunk is very significant. This thesis discusses problems that Chinese English learners met in learning lexical chunks, including overgeneralization, incorrect analogies, Chinese...As a new way to learn English, lexical chunk is very significant. This thesis discusses problems that Chinese English learners met in learning lexical chunks, including overgeneralization, incorrect analogies, Chinese expression used in translation and improper learning strategies. This thesis introduces some new ways to learn lexical chunks in order to strengthen students' sense of lexical chunk.展开更多
Network processing in the current Internet is at the entirety of the data packet,which is problematic when encountering network congestion.The newly proposed Internet service named Qualitative Communication changes th...Network processing in the current Internet is at the entirety of the data packet,which is problematic when encountering network congestion.The newly proposed Internet service named Qualitative Communication changes the network processing paradigm to an even finer granularity,namely chunk level,which obsoletes many existing networking policies and schemes,especially the caching algorithms and cache replacement policies that have been extensively explored in Web Caching,Content Delivery Networks(CDN)or Information-Centric Networks(ICN).This paper outlines all the new factors that are brought by random linear network coding-based Qualitative Communication and proves the importance and necessity of considering them.A novel metric is proposed by taking these new factors into consideration.An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the metric value of all retained chunks in the local storage of network nodes under the constraint of storage limit.A cache replacement scheme that obtains the optimal result in a recursive manner is proposed correspondingly.With the help of the introduced intelligent cache replacement algorithm,the performance evaluations show remarkably reduced end-to-end latency compared to the existing schemes in various network scenarios.展开更多
Chunks, as fixed or semi-fixed structures, are the unity of grammar, semantics, and context which play an important role in the process of language comprehension and generation. This paper gives a brief introduction t...Chunks, as fixed or semi-fixed structures, are the unity of grammar, semantics, and context which play an important role in the process of language comprehension and generation. This paper gives a brief introduction to the definition and classification of chunks, and makes an in-depth analysis of the use of chunks in 95 Chinese EFL learners’ compositions on the basis of the classification of chunks by Nattinger and DeCarrico. For the incorrect chunks in the compositions, this paper makes qualitative analysis and classifies them into redundancy, avoidance, tense, mixing, and chunks creation. According to the analysis, four suggestions on chunks teaching are put forward in order to explore effective measures to promote chunks teaching and help language learners improve their practical application ability of English.展开更多
文摘English speaking skill is one of the most important skills that senior high students need to obtain in learning English.However,there are still many problems existing in students’speaking practice.As a teaching and learning strategy,Chunking is now gradually used in English classroom and has received a positive feedback.Therefore,in this paper,the influence of Chunking on improving English speaking skill among senior high school students will be investigated and analyzed through the methods of questionnaire and the follow-up interview to answer four questions:(1)What effect does Chunking have on the oral fluency of high school students?(2)What effect does Chunking have on the oral accuracy of high school students?(3)What effect does Chunking have on the vocabulary?And(4)Does the English speaking performance relate to genders?After analyzing the results of questionnaire by the SPSS and summing up the interview record,we found that most of them agree the fact that the strategy of Chunking does benefit their oral fluency,oral accuracy,and vocabulary.Also,female students have higher scores than male students.
文摘Due to the development of technology in medicine,millions of health-related data such as scanning the images are generated.It is a great challenge to store the data and handle a massive volume of data.Healthcare data is stored in the cloud-fog storage environments.This cloud-Fog based health model allows the users to get health-related data from different sources,and duplicated informa-tion is also available in the background.Therefore,it requires an additional sto-rage area,increase in data acquisition time,and insecure data replication in the environment.This paper is proposed to eliminate the de-duplication data using a window size chunking algorithm with a biased sampling-based bloomfilter and provide the health data security using the Advanced Signature-Based Encryp-tion(ASE)algorithm in the Fog-Cloud Environment(WCA-BF+ASE).This WCA-BF+ASE eliminates the duplicate copy of the data and minimizes its sto-rage space and maintenance cost.The data is also stored in an efficient and in a highly secured manner.The security level in the cloud storage environment Win-dows Chunking Algorithm(WSCA)has got 86.5%,two thresholds two divisors(TTTD)80%,Ordinal in Python(ORD)84.4%,Boom Filter(BF)82%,and the proposed work has got better security storage of 97%.And also,after applying the de-duplication process,the proposed method WCA-BF+ASE has required only less storage space for variousfile sizes of 10 KB for 200,400 MB has taken only 22 KB,and 600 MB has required 35 KB,800 MB has consumed only 38 KB,1000 MB has taken 40 KB of storage spaces.
文摘Listening is an important input way of language learning,and is closely related to language learning.Now,listening is still a weakness for English learners in colleges.In recent years,many experts and scholars have explored the application of lexical chunks in teaching,trying to solve the problem of students’vocabulary acquisition.However,there are relatively few researches between lexical chunks and listening achievement.Based on the lexical chunks theory,the research finds that lexical chunks teaching can relieve students’anxiety in English listening,improve their English listening scores,and stimulate students’chunk consciousness.
文摘Language is the most important tool for human beings with the outside world.In order to improve the efficiency of communication,people need to maximize the efficiency of language processing to ensure the smooth production and understanding of the meaning,although it is a subtle and complex process in human communication.As Dr.Widdowson proposed that language knowledge is largely chunk knowledge in the 1980’s.The process of language output is the process of copying prefabricated Chunks knowledge and then transferring it to language output.Based on data collected before,this paper intends to study the dominant reproduction and implicit output of the English language from the perspective of prefabricated chunks,to play a guiding role in optimizing the output ability of EFL learners.
文摘Lexical chunks minimize the language learners'burden of memorization and play a very important role in saving language pro cessing efforts so as to improve the learners'language fluency,appropriacy and idiomaticity.Lexical chunks are taken as"scaffolding"in college English teaching to effectively enhance learners'language proficiency.
文摘This paper aims to demonstrate the pervasiveness of metaphor chunks in News English and introduce effective ways of understanding themcorrectly from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.Considering the difficulty in making out the accurate meaning of metaphor chunks in News Eng-lish,some translation strategies have also been proposed in hopes that it will benefit readers in their understanding and appreciation of News English.
文摘Based on the concepts of Lexical Chunks and Multimodal Teaching,this paper focuses the input source of English vocabulary learning,integrating the advantages of Lexical Approach with Multimodal Teaching.As a new teaching exploration of English vocabulary,the teaching practice in classroom has shown that teachers should make full and reasonable use of various teaching means and resources to achieve multimodal teaching of lexical chunks,which is helpful to promote students to learn vocabulary quickly and effectively,and improve students'English language competence and performance.
文摘Short-term memory allows individuals to recall stimuli, such as numbers or words, for several seconds to several minutes without rehearsal. Although the capacity of short-term memory is considered to be 7 ±?2 items, this can be increased through a process called chunking. For example, in Japan, 11-digit cellular phone numbers and 10-digit toll free numbers are chunked into three groups of three or four digits: 090-XXXX-XXXX and 0120-XXX-XXX, respectively. We use probability theory to predict that the most effective chunking involves groups of three or four items, such as in phone numbers. However, a 16-digit credit card number exceeds the capacity of short-term memory, even when chunked into groups of four digits, such as XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX. Based on these data, 16-digit credit card numbers should be sufficient for security purposes.
文摘Currently, large amounts of information exist in Web sites and various digital media. Most of them are in natural lan-guage. They are easy to be browsed, but difficult to be understood by computer. Chunk parsing and entity relation extracting is important work to understanding information semantic in natural language processing. Chunk analysis is a shallow parsing method, and entity relation extraction is used in establishing relationship between entities. Because full syntax parsing is complexity in Chinese text understanding, many researchers is more interesting in chunk analysis and relation extraction. Conditional random fields (CRFs) model is the valid probabilistic model to segment and label sequence data. This paper models chunk and entity relation problems in Chinese text. By transforming them into label solution we can use CRFs to realize the chunk analysis and entities relation extraction.
文摘Lexical chunks,as one of the most important units with the feature of both grammar and vocabulary in a language use,as the smallest unit of language input,memory,storage and output,has a very broad application prospect in teaching college English writing.Lexical chunk is semi-refined language,which can be used as a whole stored in the memory,and can be extracted directly in use.Lexical chunks can effectively improve processing efficiency of the language resource information,alleviate learners ' timed writing pressure,overcome the influence of negative transfer of native language,to improve the students' writing fluency,accuracy and vitality.
文摘As a new way to learn English, lexical chunk is very significant. This thesis discusses problems that Chinese English learners met in learning lexical chunks, including overgeneralization, incorrect analogies, Chinese expression used in translation and improper learning strategies. This thesis introduces some new ways to learn lexical chunks in order to strengthen students' sense of lexical chunk.
文摘Network processing in the current Internet is at the entirety of the data packet,which is problematic when encountering network congestion.The newly proposed Internet service named Qualitative Communication changes the network processing paradigm to an even finer granularity,namely chunk level,which obsoletes many existing networking policies and schemes,especially the caching algorithms and cache replacement policies that have been extensively explored in Web Caching,Content Delivery Networks(CDN)or Information-Centric Networks(ICN).This paper outlines all the new factors that are brought by random linear network coding-based Qualitative Communication and proves the importance and necessity of considering them.A novel metric is proposed by taking these new factors into consideration.An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the metric value of all retained chunks in the local storage of network nodes under the constraint of storage limit.A cache replacement scheme that obtains the optimal result in a recursive manner is proposed correspondingly.With the help of the introduced intelligent cache replacement algorithm,the performance evaluations show remarkably reduced end-to-end latency compared to the existing schemes in various network scenarios.
文摘Chunks, as fixed or semi-fixed structures, are the unity of grammar, semantics, and context which play an important role in the process of language comprehension and generation. This paper gives a brief introduction to the definition and classification of chunks, and makes an in-depth analysis of the use of chunks in 95 Chinese EFL learners’ compositions on the basis of the classification of chunks by Nattinger and DeCarrico. For the incorrect chunks in the compositions, this paper makes qualitative analysis and classifies them into redundancy, avoidance, tense, mixing, and chunks creation. According to the analysis, four suggestions on chunks teaching are put forward in order to explore effective measures to promote chunks teaching and help language learners improve their practical application ability of English.
