Analysis and Study of a Mesoscale Inertia-Gravitational Wave in Upper Air

A mesoscale inertia-gravitational wave at 200 hPa is analysed. The reasons of this wave occurring are also discussed. It is indicated that the occurrence of this wave is due to inertia-gravitational instability, and closely related to horizontal and vertical shear of wind.

Wave—CISK和低纬大气低频振荡

本文运用一个包含Ｗａｖｅ—ＣＩＳＫ机制的斜压半地转模式来讨论低纬大气中的低频振荡。在我们以前研究工作的基础上，不仅考虑了ＣＩＳＫ机制的作用，而且考虑了ＣＩＳＫ机制垂直速度ｗＢ随纬度的变化。这样，建立的半地转模式和相应的解析解更能反映ＣＩＳＫ机制对低纬低频振荡的作用。在求解中，我们运用了本征函数Ｓｍ－３／２（Ｓｏｎｉｎｅ多项式）展开的方法，结果不仅得到了模式中所含的ＣＩＳＫ－Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波波速与对流凝结潜热参数η的关系，而且显示了低纬高、低层大气间的相互耦合作用。在这样的低纬高、低层大气一定的对流凝结加热条件配合下，我们既获得了西传的ＣＩＳＫ－Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波，又获得了缓慢东传的ＣＩＳＫ—Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波，而且它们在一定条件下都可以出现不稳定。

Wave-CISK、蒸发-风反馈和低频振荡

本文利用一个包含有Wave-CISK和蒸发-风反馈机制的斜压半地转模式来讨论低纬大气运动,其中引入了反映CISK机制的无量纲对流凝结加热参数η和反映蒸发-风反馈机制的无量纲参数α_0,求得了η=0情况下的解析解及η≠0情况下的一级近似解,对η≠0情况下向东传播的类似于低频振荡的波动进行了讨论,从理论上指出了蒸发及非均匀加热对低频振荡的维持所起的重要作用.

CISK Kelvin Wave with Evaporation-Wind Feedbackand Air-Sea Interaction-A Further Study ofTropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Mechanism

The wave-CISK (cumulus convection heating feedback), the air-sea interaction and the evaporation-wind feedback are together introduced into a simple theoretical model, in order to understand their effect on driving tropical atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO). The results showed that among the introduced dynamical processes the wave-CISK plays a major role in reducing phase speed of the wave to be closer to the observed tropical ISO. While the evaporation-wind feedback plays a major role in unstabilizing the wave. The air-sea interaction has certain effect on slowing down the phase speed of the wave. Therefore, the wave-CISK and evaporation-wind feedback can be regarded as fundamental dynamical mechanism of the tropical ISO. This study also shows that since the effects of the evaporation-wind feedback and the air-sea interaction were introduced, the excited wave is zonally dispersive, which can dynamically explain the activity feature of the observed ISO in the tropical atmosphere very well.

Bifurcation of Nonlinear Kelvin Wave-CISK with ConditionalHeating in a Truncated Spectral Model: A PossibleMechanism of 30-60-Day Oscillation at the Equator

In this paper, the nonlinear Kelvin wave equations with 'positive-only' nonlinear (conditional) heating at the equator are reduced to a sixth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation by using the Galerkin spectral truncated method. The stability analysis indicates that when the heating parameter increases, the supercritical pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations can occur for the prescribed three heating profiles. Numerical calculations are made with the help of the fourth-order Rung-Kutta method. It is found that the convection heating-related Hopf bifurcation can lead to limit cycle and chaotic solutions. In a wide range of heating parameter, the solutions possess 30-60-day periods, and are dominated by wavenumbers one and two, especially by wavenumber-one. In addition, the zonal winds of the low-frequency solutions have a phase reversal between the upper and lower tropospheres. Thus, it appears that the convection heating-related Hopf bifurcation might be a possible mechanism of 30-60-day oscillation in the tropical atmosphere.

CISK-rossby wave and the 30-60 Day Oscillation in the Tropics

The 30-60 day oscillation is an important aspect of the atmospheric variance in the tropical area. A number of works have been done on this phenomenon, this article is a further one. A quasi-geostrophic linear model that consists of a two-layer free atmosphere and a well-mixed boundary layer is used to investigate the instability of intraseasonal oscillation, its propagation and vertical structures. Results show that the dynamical coupling and interaction between the barotropic and baroclinic components via boundary layer convergence / divergence are responsible for the appearance of a new kind of low-frequency wave. Such wave is very different from the traditional tropical Rossby wave. It can propagate westward and eastward. Some behaviours of it appear to resemble the observed 30-60 day oscillation mode in many aspects, such,as vertical structures, zonal and meridional propagations. Now many researchers emphasize the direct relationship between CISK-Kelvin mode and the tropical atmospheric 30-60 oscillation. It is considered that CISK-Rossby mode should not be neglected.

THE CISK MECHANISM AND THE INERTIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES IN SHEAR FLOW

By using the symmetric equations of atmospheric dynamics in y-z plane with vertical and horizontal shear of wind, the nonlinear ordinary differential equation is derived with the method of travelling wave.Its stability is discussed by using the theory of nonlinear stability and the KDV equation is solved. The effects of linear CISK, nonlinear CISK, inertial stability and vertical shear of wind on the amplitude and the width of isolated inertial gravitational wave are discussed. In order to understand deeply the formation and development of meso-scale synoptic systems, such as the squall line, MCC, the cold surge of Asia high and typhoon, the factors of development of the isolated inertial gravity wave are analysed.

Low-Frequency CISK-Rossby Wave and Stratospheric QBO in the Tropical Atmosphere

Dynamic study is undertaken of the tropical atmospheric CISK-Rossby wave genesis and propagation mechanisms, the vertical structure of the low-frequency wave and the basic characteristics and constraint of the vertical transport of momentum and wave energy fluxes in relation to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the stratospheric zonal winds over the tropics in the context of a baroclinic quasi-geostrophic model. Results suggest that in the properly posed thermal conditions and zonal belt there exist two kinds of CISK-Rossby waves of low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF), travelling zonally in opposite directions, which act as sources responsible for upward transferring momentum and wave energy fluxes for easterly and westerly perturbations in such a way as to provide required momentum and energy for the stratospheric QBO genesis and maintenance. The present study offers interpretations for some of the fundamental observational facts of the QBO and proposes new ideas of the QBO generation mechanism.

CISK-related Rossby Waves in the Tropical Atmosphere

In terms of a baroclinic quasi-geostrophic waveufiltering technique in connection with a dimensionless parameter,n(z),of condensation-released latent heat that indicates the CISK mechanism,a model is established for describing tropical atmosphere CISK-Rossby waves alongside its analytical solution. Theoretical study shows that thereexists pronounced difference between Rossby waves, CISK-involving and classic, and the former can be used to interpret some aspects of the low--frequency oscillation in the tropical atmosphere.

STUDY ON DYNAMICS OF TROPICAL CISK-ROSSBY WAVES AND MECHANISM OF 30-50 DAY OSCILLATIONS

To add to the growing mature research on the tropical 30-50 day oscillations from a new prospective, the current work bases on dynamic analysis of baroclinic quasi-geostrophic models to discuss dynamic mechanisms for the generation and propagation of CISK-Rossby waves, and to understand restraints and effects of different wave structures and thermodynamic forcing on the 30-50 day oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Some important properties of the oscillation propagation have been explained and, in detail, with respect to its meridional propagation and vertical "baroclinic" structure. The work has come up with some new opinions and viewpoints. New opinions about the propagation and energy dispersion are to be proved by more observations and study.

与水平风切变强度不均匀相联系的CISK惯性重力波

在虚拟高度坐标系中,用一个简单的线性模式初步研究了水平风切变强度不均匀分布对长江流域梅雨锋附近贯穿整个对流层的深厚惯性重力波发生发展的影响。结果表明:水平风切变强度不均匀对CISK惯性重力波不稳定有重要作用。在一般干的层结大气中,实际可能出现再强的水平风切变的影响也难以使惯性重力波变得不稳定;只有在积云对流潜热参与,原为弱稳定条件下,水平风切变强度不均匀能促使低空急流北侧不稳定扰动的发生发展。而水平风切变强度不均匀对不稳定贡献最大的区域是梅雨锋南侧的急流轴附近。

CISK、蒸发－风反馈机制和热带大气30—60天振荡

建立一个包含ＣＩＳＫ机制和蒸发－风反馈机制（Ｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ－ＷｉｎｄＦｅｅｄｂａｃｋＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ，简写为：ＥＷＦＭ）的热带大气运动的无耗散、线性斜压半地转模式，引入反映ＣＩＳＫ的无量纲凝结潜热参数η和反映ＥＷＦＭ的无量纲参数α，并求得模式系统的解析解。动力学分析和模式大气的计算结果进一步说明了ＣＩＳＫ和ＥＷＦＭ的共同作用是激发和驱动热带大气低频振荡的重要物理过程。

CISK影响下的线性和非线性惯性重力波

利用板对称的大气动力学方程组，考虑线性和非线性两种ＣＩＳＫ加热过程，由行波法和非线性常微分方程定性理论，讨论了ＣＩＳＫ影响下的线性和非线性惯性重力波的稳定性，以及ＣＩＳＫ对惯性重力孤波强度和宽度的影响．结果指出，线性ＣＩＳＫ既影响孤立波的强度，又影响孤立波的宽度，而非线性ＣＩＳＫ只影响孤立波的强度．

CISK-Kelvin波、CISK-Rossby波和低频振荡

本文应用描写低纬大气运动的一个斜压半地转的wave-CISK模式,讨论了由CISK机制激发的Kelvin波和Rossby波,即所谓的CISK-Kelvin波和CISK-Rossby波。分析表明:wave-CISK机制对于大气低频振荡起重要的作用。

切变流中的CISK机制与惯性重力波

利用板对称、有切变的大气动力学方程组，由行波法导出非线性常微分方程，通过非线性稳定性理论讨论方程的稳定性，求解了ＫＤＶ方程，并讨论了线性ＣＩＳＫ、非线性ＣＩＳＫ、惯性稳定度参数和大气风速垂直切变对惯性重力孤波强度和宽度的影响，目的是通过了解影响惯性重力孤波发展的因子，更深入地理解低纬中尺度天气系统（飑线、ＭＣＣ、冷涌。

梅雨锋上MCS的发展、传播以及与低层“湿度锋”相关联的CISK惯性重力波

采用一个包含简单积云对流参数化的线性模式讨论在长江流域相当正压性质的梅雨锋上,贯穿整个对流层的深厚惯性重力波的发生、传播和频散性质。结果表明,与积云对流加热场有最密切关系的低层湿度条件及其水平分布不均匀性质都对扰动的波速和稳定度有重要影响,最有利出现不稳定发展的地方是在“低层湿度锋区”南界附近,因此这里是中尺度对流系统(MCS)的活跃地带。关于频散性质的分析表明,能允许群速度大于相速度的低层湿度条件及其水平分布的特征值范围比较宽。而在上述稳定度接近中性的条件下最有利于出现沿“湿度锋区”轴向的上、下游效应。这个结果也许能很好地解释:在梅雨锋上,恰恰是当一个旺盛的MCS达到顶点而开始趋向衰减时,在它的上、下游很快发展起新的MCS,新、旧MCS一起形成“云团波串”这样一个重要而有趣的观测事实。

热带大气的CISK－Rossby波和30—50天振荡

利用斜压准地转滤波方法，通过引入一个反映ＣＩＳＫ机制的无量纲凝结潜热参数η（Ｚ），建立了描述热带大气的ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波模式，并求得了该模式的解析解。理论研究表明，考虑ＣＩＳＫ机制的ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波与经典的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波有明显差别，它可较好地解释热带大气３０—５０ｄ振荡现象。

热带CISK-Rossby波的动力特征与30～50天振荡的机理研究

基于斜压准地转模式的动力学分析,讨论了CISK-Rossby波产生、传播的动力机理和不同的波结构及热力强迫对热带大气30～50天振荡传播的制约和影响,解释了30～50天振荡的一些重要传播特性,特别是对30～50天振荡的经向传播机理和垂直“斜压”结构等问题作了较为细致的探讨,提出了一些新的见解和观点。

β效应和移动性CISK波与南亚夏季风槽脊的活动

本文采用简单的纬向对称的两层线性模式研究了存在β效应情况下Ekman-CISK扰动的动力特征,结果发现在β效应和对流凝结加热的共同作用下大气中可以产生一种移动性的CISK波.在取南亚夏季风区平均大气参数情况下的计算结果表明,这种移动性CISK波可以解释南亚夏季风槽脊活动的一些基本特征.因此,可以初步认为β效应和CISK机制对南亚夏季风槽脊的活动具有极其重要的作用.

热带大气中30～60天低频振荡的CISK-Rossby波理论

本文根据低纬热带大气中的风压场平衡关系对CISK-Rossby波进行了研究,指出对于弱对流加热,CISK-Rossby波既可以向东西方向传播,又可以向南北方向传播,并且这种弱对流加热所激发的CISK-Rossby波是一种稳定的减幅波;对于强对流加热,这种CISK-Rossby波减速并向东和向北传播,其传播特征与30～60天低频振荡的特征比较一致,并且这种CISK-Rossby波又是一种不稳定的增幅波,在10°N和17°N地区,经向波长为6000km的CISK-Rossby波的e倍增幅时间分别为6天和8天。因此,CISK-Rossby波可能是30～60天低频振荡的触发机制。