Joint Modeling of Citation Networks and User Preferences for Academic Tagging Recommender System

In the tag recommendation task on academic platforms,existing methods disregard users’customized preferences in favor of extracting tags based just on the content of the articles.Besides,it uses co-occurrence techniques and tries to combine nodes’textual content for modelling.They still do not,however,directly simulate many interactions in network learning.In order to address these issues,we present a novel system that more thoroughly integrates user preferences and citation networks into article labelling recommendations.Specifically,we first employ path similarity to quantify the degree of similarity between user labelling preferences and articles in the citation network.Then,the Commuting Matrix for massive node pair paths is used to improve computational performance.Finally,the two commonalities mentioned above are combined with the interaction paper labels based on the additivity of Poisson distribution.In addition,we also consider solving the model’s parameters by applying variational inference.Experimental results demonstrate that our suggested framework agrees and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline on two real datasets by efficiently merging the three relational data.Based on the Area Under Curve(AUC)and Mean Average Precision(MAP)analysis,the performance of the suggested task is evaluated,and it is demonstrated to have a greater solving efficiency than current techniques.

Tracking direct and indirect impact on technology and policy of transformative research via ego citation network

Purpose:The disseminating of academic knowledge to nonacademic audiences partly relies on the transition of subsequent citing papers.This study aims to investigate direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research based on ego citation network.Design/methodology/approach:Key Nobel Prize-winning publications(NPs)in fields of gene engineering and astrophysics are regarded as a proxy for transformative research.In this contribution,we introduce a network-structural indicator of citing patents to measure technological impact of a target article and use policy citations as a preliminary tool for policy impact.Findings:The results show that the impact on technology and policy of NPs are higher than that of their subsequent citation generations in gene engineering but not in astrophysics.Research limitations:The selection of Nobel Prizes is not balanced and the database used in this study,Dimensions,suffers from incompleteness and inaccuracy of citation links.Practical implications:Our findings provide useful clues to better understand the characteristics of transformative research in technological and policy impact.Originality/value:This study proposes a new framework to explore the direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research.

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

Exploring the Relationship Between Patent Forward Citation and Stock Return Rate Using Empirical Data of China Stock Market

A novel indicator called price-citation was proposed.Based on the company integrated patent database of China listed companies of common stocks(A-shares)with the stock price and the stock return rate data,more than two thousand of A-shares from 2017 to 2020 were selected.The effect of the traditional patent forward citation and the price-citation for discriminating the stock return rate was thoroughly analyzed via ANOVA.The A-shares of forward citation counts above the average showed higher stock return rate means than the A-shares having patents but receiving no forward citations.The price-citation,combining both the financial and patent attributes,defined as the multiplication of the current stock price and the currently receiving forward citation count,showed its excellence in discriminating the stock return rate.The A-shares of higher price-citation showed significantly higher stock return rate means while the A-shares of lower price-citation showed significantly lowest stock return rate means.The price-citation effect had not been changed by COVID-19 though COVID-19 affected the social and economic environment to a considerable extent in 2020.

融合Word2Vec的半积累引用共词网络的领域主题演化研究

发现并厘清学科及领域的发展路径和演化脉络,对科学研究和学科发展具有重要意义。针对传统共词分析法的不足和主题演化分析维度的单一性问题,本文提出了一种基于引用共词网络的主题发现与演化分析方法,并以情报学领域为例进行了实证研究。通过引用关系定义“引用共现”关联,并融合词嵌入技术构建关键词网络;使用社区探测法识别领域主题,采用后离散分析法,从内容结构和发展趋势两个角度进行学科主题演化分析,并可视化呈现主题演化路径及发展趋势。研究结果表明,本文所构建网络比传统共词网络能呈现粒度更优的主题聚类效果,并且能较好地呈现主题动态演化趋势,是共词分析法的有效补充。

Functions of Uni- and Multi-citations： Implications for Weighted Citation Analysis

Purpose： （1） To test basic assumptions underlying frequency-weighted citation analysis： （a） Uni-citations correspond to citations that are nonessential to the citing papers; （b） The influence of a cited paper on the citing paper increases with the frequency with which it is cited in the citing paper. （2） To explore the degree to which citation location may be used to help identify nonessential citations. Design/methodology/approach： Each of the in-text citations in all research articles published in Issue 1 of the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology （JASIST） 2016 was manually classified into one of these five categories： Applied, Contrastive, Supportive, Reviewed, and Perfunctory. The distributions of citations at different in-text frequencies and in different locations in the text by these functions were analyzed. Findings： Filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight is important for frequency-weighted citation analysis. For this purpose, removing citations by location is more effective than re-citation analysis that simply removes uni-citations. Removing all citation occurrences in the Background and Literature Review sections and uni-citations in the Introduction section appears to provide a good balance between filtration and error rates. Research limitations： This case study suffers from the limitation of scalability and generalizability. We took careful measures to reduce the impact of other limitations of the data collection approach used. Relying on the researcher＇s judgment to attribute citation functions, this approach is unobtrusive but speculative, and can suffer from a low degree of confidence, thus creating reliability concerns. Practical implications： Weighted citation analysis promises to improve citation analysis for research evaluation, knowledge network analysis, knowledge representation, and information retrieval. The present study showed the importance of filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight in a weighted citation analysis, which may be a significant step forward to realizing these promises. Originality/value： Weighted citation analysis has long been proposed as a theoretical solution to the problem of citation analysis that treats all citations equally, and has attracted increasing research interest in recent years. The present study showed, for the first time, the importance of filtering out nonessential citations in weighted citation analysis, pointing research in this area in a new direction.

Improved citation status of World Journal Gastroenterologym 2004: Analysis of all reference citations by WJG and citations of WJG articles by other SCI journals during 1998-2004

AIM: To determine the citation status in 2004 and the citation trend of WJG by analyzing all articles cited by WJG and all WJG articles cited by SCI journals during 1998-2004.METHODS: The total number of published articles and reference citations in WJG, authors' self-citations, WJG's self-citations, citations of WJG articles by SCI journals and inappropriate citations in WJG during 1998-2004 were statistically analyzed. Data on self-citations of the articles published between 1998 and August 2004 (Issues 1-16)were from ISI SCI-E, and data on self-citations of articles published after August 2004 (Issues 17-24) were from the WJG Editorial Office. Data on citations of WJG articles by other journals between 1998 and August 2004 were from ISI SCI-E.RESULTS: Annual number of published articles: WJG published 179, 144, 211, 174, 236, 634 and 830 articles,respectively, in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. The number in 2004 increased by 594, compared to that in 2002, giving an increased rate of 251.7%. Annual references cited by WJG were 2 123, 2 125, 6 244,8 883, 11 442, 23 218 and 25 971, respectively, in 1998-2004.The average number was 31.3 per WJG article in 2004,which was less than that (48.5) in 2002, giving a reduction rate of 35.5%. Authors of WJG cited 125, 126, 343, 210,354, 310 and 470 of their own published articles,respectively, in 1998-2004. The average number of authors'self-citations was 0.57 per WJG article in 2004, which was decreased by 0.93 or 62.0%, compared with that in 2002.Annual numbers of journal's self-citations: Authors of WJG articles cited 5, 7, 373, 733, 1474, 1947 and 1412 of WJG articles, respectively, in 1998-2004. The average number of journal's self-citations was 1.70 per WJG article in 2004,which decreased by 4.55 or 72.8%. No WJG article was cited in 1998 by other SCI journals. However, the number of citations steadily increased afterwards, with 16, 18, 39,85, 372 and 580, respectively, in 1999-2004. The average number of citations by other SCI journals was 0.11, 0.09,0.22, 0.36, 0.59 and 1.06 per WJG article, respectively,1999-2004 (January-August). There was an increase by 582%, when comparing the citation numbers between 2004and 2002. Annual WJG self-citation rates and citation rates of WJG articles by other SCI journals: WJG self-citation rates were 30.43%, 95.40%, 95.07%, 94.55%, 83.96%and 67.47%, respectively, in 1999-2004 (January-August).Compared with 2002, the self-citation rate in 2004decreased by 26.87%. The citation rates of WJG articles by other SCI journals were 69.57%, 4.60%, 4.93%, 5.45%,16.04%, and 32.53%, respectively, in 1999-2004 (January-August). Compared with 2002, the citation rate in 2004decreased by 26.87%. There were 8, 19, 218, 274, 461,698 and 574 inappropriate citations, respectively, in 1998-2004.The average inappropriate citation in 2004 was 0.69 per article, which represents a decrease of 1.26, compared with that in 2002. Inappropriate citations were mostly those with the differences between the two sides of the hyphens of 5-9, and the proportions of inappropriate citations within the three subsections of the differences between the two sides of the hyphens (5-9, 10-19, and ＞=20) were approximately 7:2:1. In addition, inappropriate citations mostly occurred with frequencies of 1-3 in the articles,and the proportion of inappropriate citations within the two frequency subsections (1-3 and ＞3) have been approximately 4:1 since 1999.CONCLUSIONS: In 2004, the average number of reference citations, authors' self-citations and journal's self-citations were 31.3, 0.57 and 1.70 per article, respectively, which represents a decrease in the numbers by 35.5%. 62.0%,and 72.8% respectively compared to the corresponding numbers in 2002. WJG self-citation rate was 67.47% in 2004 (January-August), which was a decrease by26.87%,compared with 2002. The citation rate of WJG articles by other SCI journals was 32.53% in 2004 (January-August),an increase of 26.87%, compared to 2002. There were 574inappropriate citations in 2004, with an average of 0.69per article, which represents a decrease of 1.26, compared with that in 2002. These figures demonstrate that the overall citation status of WJG is improving.

An Automatic Method to Identify Citations to Journals in News Stories: A Case Study of UK Newspapers Citing Web of Science Journals

Purpose: Communicating scientific results to the public is essential to inspire future researchers and ensure that discoveries are exploited. News stories about research are a key communication pathway for this and have been manually monitored to assess the extent of press coverage of scholarship.Design/methodology/Approach: To make larger scale studies practical, this paper introduces an automatic method to extract citations from newspaper stories to large sets of academic journals. Curated ProQuest queries were used to search for citations to 9,639 Science and3,412 Social Science Web of Science(WoS) journals from eight UK daily newspapers during2006–2015. False matches were automatically filtered out by a new program, with 94% of the remaining stories meaningfully citing research.Findings: Most Science(95%) and Social Science(94%) journals were never cited by these newspapers. Half of the cited Science journals covered medical or health-related topics,whereas 43% of the Social Sciences journals were related to psychiatry or psychology. From the citing news stories, 60% described research extensively and 53% used multiple sources,but few commented on research quality.Research Limitations: The method has only been tested in English and from the ProQuest Newspapers database.Practical implications: Others can use the new method to systematically harvest press coverage of research.Originality/value: An automatic method was introduced and tested to extract citations from newspaper stories to large sets of academic journals.

Can Crossref Citations Replace Web of Science for Research Evaluation?The Share of Open Citations

Purpose:We study the proportion of Web of Science(WoS)citation links that are represented in the Crossref Open Citation Index(COCI),with the possible aim of using COCI in research evaluation instead of the WoS,if the level of coverage was sufficient.Design/methodology/approach:We calculate the proportion on citation links where both publications have a WoS accession number and a DOI simultaneously,and where the cited publications have had at least one author from our institution,the Czech Technical University in Prague.We attempt to look up each such citation link in COCI.Findings:We find that 53.7%of WoS citation links are present in the COCI.The proportion varies largely by discipline.The total figures differ significantly from 40%in the large-scale study by Van Eck,Waltman,Larivière,and Sugimoto(blog 2018,https://www.cwts.nl/blog?article=n-r2s234).Research limitations:The sample does not cover all science areas uniformly;it is heavily focused on Engineering and Technology,and only some disciplines of Natural Sciences are present.However,this reflects the real scientific orientation and publication profile of our institution.Practical implications:The current level of coverage is not sufficient for the WoS to be replaced by COCI for research evaluation.Originality/value:The present study illustrates a COCI vs WoS comparison on the scale of a larger technical university in Central Europe.

Normalizing Book Citations in Google Scholar: A Hybrid Cited-side Citing-side Method

Purpose: To design and test a method for normalizing book citations in Google Scholar.Design/methodology/approach: A hybrid citing-side, cited-side normalization method was developed and this was tested on a sample of 285 research monographs. The results were analyzed and conclusions drawn.Findings: The method was technically feasible but required extensive manual intervention because of the poor quality of the Google Scholar data. Research limitations: The sample of books was limited and also all were from one discipline —business and management. Also, the method has only been tested on Google Scholar, it would be useful to test it on Web of Science or Scopus.Practical limitations: Google Scholar is a poor source of data although it does cover a much wider range citation sources that other databases. Originality/value: This is the first method that has been developed specifically for normalizing books which have so far not been able to be normalized.

Writing strategies for improving the access of medical literature

When conducting a literature review,medical authors typically search for relevant keywords in bibliographic databases or on search engines like Google.After selecting the most pertinent article based on the title’s relevance and the abstract’s content,they download or purchase the article and cite it in their manuscript.Three major elements influence whether an article will be cited in future manuscripts:the keywords,the title,and the abstract.This indicates that these elements are the“key dissemination tools”for research papers.If these three elements are not determined judiciously by authors,it may adversely affect the manuscript’s retrievability,readability,and citation index,which can negatively impact both the author and the journal.In this article,we share our informed perspective on writing strategies to enhance the searchability and citation of medical articles.These strategies are adopted from the principles of search engine optimization,but they do not aim to cheat or manipulate the search engine.Instead,they adopt a reader-centric content writing methodology that targets well-researched keywords to the readers who are searching for them.Reputable journals,such as Nature and the British Medical Journal,emphasize“online searchability”in their author guidelines.We hope that this article will encourage medical authors to approach manuscript drafting from the perspective of“looking inside-out.”In other words,they should not only draft manuscripts around what they want to convey to fellow researchers but also integrate what the readers want to discover.It is a call-to-action to better understand and engage search engine algorithms,so they yield information in a desired and self-learning manner because the“Cloud”is the new stakeholder.

On the framing of patent citations and academic paper citations in reflecting knowledge linkage:A discussion of the discrepancy of their divergent value-orientations

It has been widely recognized that academic paper citations will reflect scientific knowledge linkage.Patent citations are similar to academic paper citations in many aspects:Citation frequency distribution is often skewed; citation frequency varies from one subject field to another and authors' /inventors' preference for citing relevant literature is usually confined to their own native language.However,regardless of these seemingly similarities,the patent citation is unique and special.It is constructed by incorporating information providers from multiple sources,such as from examiners,inventors,attorneys and/or the public.It is driven by a value-orientation for the monopolization of market production under regulations of Patent Laws.It is also practiced under the sway of an industrial culture embedded with a notion of 'creative destruction'.In view of the contextual complexities of patent citations,simply applying the data criteria and citation behavior analysis of academic paper citations to that of patentbibliometrics for the purpose of reflecting knowledge linkage is both conceptually and technically illogical and unreasonable.This paper attempts to delve into the issue of the currently misconceived assertions and practice about 'transplanting' the methodology of academic paper citations en masse indiscriminately into the practice of patent citations.It is hoped that such a study would yield improved result stemming from the practice of patent citations for reflecting knowledge linkage in the future.

An author credit allocation method with improved distinguishability and robustness

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to propose an improved credit allocation method that makes the leading author of the paper more distinguishable and makes the deification more robust under malicious manipulations.Design/methodology/approach:We utilize a modified Sigmoid function to handle the fat-tail distributed citation counts.We also remove the target paper in calculating the contribution of co-citations.Following previous studies,we use 30 Nobel Prize-winning papers and their citation networks based on the American Physical Society(APS)and the Microsoft Academic Graph(MAG)dataset to test the accuracy of our proposed method(NCCAS).In addition,we use 654,148 articles published in the field of computer science from 2000 to 2009 in the MAG dataset to validate the distinguishability and robustness of NCCAS.Finding:Compared with the state-of-the-art methods,NCCAS gives the most accurate prediction of Nobel laureates.Furthermore,the leading author of the paper identified by NCCAS is more distinguishable compared with other co-authors.The results by NCCAS are also more robust to malicious manipulation.Finally,we perform ablation studies to show the contribution of different components in our methods.Research limitations:Due to limited ground truth on the true leading author of a work,the accuracy of NCCAS and other related methods can only be tested in Nobel Physics Prize-winning papers.Practical implications:NCCAS is successfully applied to a large number of publications,demonstrating its potential in analyzing the relationship between the contribution and the recognition of authors with different by-line orders.Originality/value:Compared with existing methods,NCCAS not only identifies the leading author of a paper more accurately,but also makes the deification more distinguishable and more robust,providing a new tool for related studies.

International visibility of Armenian domestic journals:the role of scientific diaspora

Purpose:Nearly 122 scientific journals are currently being published in Armenia-of which only six are indexed by WoS and/or Scopus databases.The majority of the national journals are published in the Armenian language,solely possessing abstracts written in English,although there are also English-language and multi-language journals with articles not only in Armenian but also in other foreign languages.The aim of this article is to study the visibility of the(non-indexed)national Armenian journals in the WoS database through citation analysis.In consideration of the existence of a relevant Armenian“diaspora”in the world,this article also attempts to estimate its impact in terms of citation statistics.Design/methodology/approach:For this end,we have identified citations to the national/domestic Armenian journals in the WoS database in comparison with the share of citations received from“diaspora”researchers(researchers of Armenian origin born in foreign countries and those originally from Armenia who have emigrated to foreign countries).Findings:Among the 116 Armenian domestic journals analyzed(not indexed by WoS),only 47 were found to be cited in WoS.Of these journals,almost 12%are citations by“diaspora”researchers,most of which concern Social Science and Humanities journals.Research limitations:Although the surnames of Armenians end with-i(y)an,sometimes,the Diaspora Armenians,surnames are changed or modified or they are not ending with-i(y)an,in this case we may fail to identify them.Practical implications:This study can help to build new,more deep and comprehensive relations with scientific diasporas.Originality/value:This study offers a new understanding of multifaced research collaboration with scientific diasporas and their role in internationalization of domestic journals.

Peculiarities of gender disambiguation and ordering of non-English authors’names for Economic papers beyond core databases

Purpose:To supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors,special methods of working with bibliographic data with a predominant share of non-English authors are used.The properties of gender mixing,the likelihood of male and female authors occupying the first position in the authorship list,as well as the arrangements of names are studied.Design/methodology/approach:A data set containing bibliographic records related to Ukrainian journal publications in the field of Economics is constructed using Crossref metadata.Partial semi-automatic disambiguation of authors’names is performed.First names,along with gender-specific ethnic surnames,are used for gender disambiguation required for further comparative gender analysis.Random reshuffling of data is used to determine the impact of gender correlations.To assess the level of alphabetization for our data set,both Latin and Cyrillic versions of names are taken into account.Findings:The lack of well-structured metadata and the poor use of digital identifiers lead to numerous problems with automatization of bibliographic data pre-processing,especially in the case of publications by non-Western authors.The described stages for working with such specific data help to work at the level of authors and analyse,in particular,gender issues.Despite the larger number of female authors,gender equality is more likely to be reported at the individual level for the discipline of Ukrainian Economics.The tendencies towards collaborative or solo-publications and gender mixing patterns are found to be dependent on the journal:the differences for publications indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases are found.It has also been found that Ukrainian Economics research is characterized by rather a non-alphabetical order of authors.Research limitations:Only partial authors’name disambiguation is performed in a semi-automatic way.Gender labels can be derived only for authors declared by full First names or gender-specific Last names.Practical implications:The typical features of Ukrainian Economic discipline can be used to perform a comparison with other countries and disciplines,to develop an informed-based assessment procedure at the national level.The proposed way of processing publication data can be borrowed to enrich metadata about other research disciplines,especially for non-English speaking countries.Originality/value:To our knowledge,this is the first large-scale quantitative study of Ukrainian Economic discipline.The results obtained are valuable not only at the national level,but also contribute to general knowledge about Economic research,gender issues,and authors’names ordering.An example of the use of Crossref data is provided,while this data source is still less used due to a number of drawbacks.Here,for the first time,attention is drawn to the explicit use of the features of the Slavic authors’names.

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

“一带一路”共建国家间的技术扩散——基于技术内容与网络结构的分析

技术扩散是强化国际经济与创新联系的有效途径,是构建高质量开放创新体系的重要方式。国际技术扩散作为两个主体间的技术扩散活动具有方向性,不同国家的创新政策和技术发展战略侧重点不同,在技术扩散能力和技术吸收能力上均有差异。因而国家间需要构建高效、稳定的技术扩散网络,充分发挥自身的技术优势、补齐技术短板,进一步加大技术流动和增强创新能力。本研究基于技术扩散理论,运用专利引证数据构建“一带一路”共建国家间技术扩散网络,分时段纵向分析共建国家技术扩散网络的演化,分技术领域横向分析共建国家间技术扩散的特征,探索中国与共建国家间技术扩散的内容和路径。研究认为:中国在共建国家技术扩散网络中的核心地位逐步确立,且在“一带一路”倡议提出后中国的核心位置更加明显、技术扩散范围更加广泛;但整体技术扩散网络密度低,除中国外的其他国家间技术扩散关系构建较少;不同技术领域的技术扩散网络形态各有不同,其中化学技术领域的技术扩散最活跃、网络复杂度最高;俄罗斯在化学、机械工程、仪器、其他技术领域具有一定技术优势,并且对中国的技术扩散强度很大,而中国在电气工程技术领域更有技术扩散优势。