The Status Quo, Dilemma and Path Innovation of the Citizenization of the New Generation of Migrant Workers

The citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers is the only way to promote China’s urbanization.Based on the development status of the new generation of migrant workers,this paper summarizes the difficulties encountered in the four aspects of employment,housing,social security and the education of migrant workers'children in the process of citizenization,finally explores four innovative ways of citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers,such as,strengthening vocational skills training to improve the employment quality of the new generation of migrant workers,improving the housing security mechanism to ensure that they have a place to live,improving the social security system to safeguard that they can be treated for their illnesses and the elderly,improving the distribution of educational resources to promote fair education for the children of them.

Optimization for Dissemination Factors of Core Socialist Values in the Process of Citizenization of Migrant Workers

With the implementation of the national"urbanization"strategy,the citizenization of migrant workers has become an important part of China's urbanization process.The citizenization of migrant workers not only relies on the institutional reform to promote the exogenous citizenization,but also depends on the dissemination and cultivation of core socialism values,and it transforms traditional migrant workers into real urban citizens.Therefore,it is particularly urgent to strengthen the dissemination of core socialist values to the migrant workers,and it is necessary to systematically optimize the four elements of dissemination subject,dissemination object,dissemination medium and dissemination environment.

Issues concerning Citizenization Cost Sharing of the Population Transferred from Agriculture: A Case Study of Chongqing

The citizenization of the population transferred from agriculture is an inevitable process for Chinese social transformation,and one of the core issues in the course of new urbanization. The core problem in citizenization of the population transferred from agriculture lies in cost.Taking Chongqing as an example,this paper calculates the total citizenization cost to be 125038. 7 yuan for the population transferred from agriculture. Through field survey and research,this paper analyzes the current situation of citizenization cost sharing of the population transferred from agriculture in Chongqing,points out some problems in cost sharing such as inadequate governmental financial capacity,absence of business and lack of personal affordability,and finally brings forward the corresponding policy recommendations.

Policy Needs for Social Security in the Process of Citizenization of the Peri-urban Farmers:A Case Study of Hefei City

We conduct a survey of transformational towns and villages in High-tech Development District, Yaohai District and Shushan District, Hefei City. Using data, we analyze the "sideline effect" and inherent contradiction of transformational cities, research the policy needs for social security and its trend in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers. On this basis, we construct the social security policy system that can adapt to the accelerated process of urbanization. Finally, we put forth the following recommendations for the social security policy in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers: distinguishing different groups' policy needs for social security; attaching importance to people's dynamic policy needs for social security in urbanization; focusing on the adaptability of social security policy transformation in urbanization; attaching importance to the social psychosocial environment of social security policy transformation in urbanization; achieving the trinity of non-farm conversion, urbanization and citizenization in the process of urbanization; strengthening the government's dominant position in the building of social security policy system.

Establishment of Indication System for Evaluating the Citizenization Level of New Generation Migrant Workers and Its Application

Scientific and reasonable indicator system is the key for evaluating citizenization level of new generation migrant workers. With reference to basic connotation of endogenous and exogenous variables and in view of citizenization characteristics of new generation migrant workers,it built an evaluation indicator system including endogenous indicators based on micro-individual and exogenous indicators based on mesourban environment and macro-national policies. Besides,combining current situation of new generation migrant workers in Jiangsu Province,it evaluated citizenization level of the indicator system,in the hope of providing certain reference for evaluating citizenization level of new generation migrant workers.

Land-losing Farmers' Citizenization in the Process of Urbanization

Starting from the status of citizenization of land-losing farmers,problems in the citizenization are analyzed,such as the difficulty in land-losing farmers' economic life after turning into citizens,employment difficulties of land-losing farmers after living in the city,and the prominent problems in social security of land-losing farmers.Causations for the citizenization problems of land-losing farmers are analyzed.Firstly,institutionalized rejection is the root of the obstacle in citizenization of land-losing farmers.Secondly,exclusion from social security system is a fundamental reason.Thirdly,exclusion of land-losing farmers from both urban citizens and themselves is the subjective factor.Fourthly,exclusion of land-losing farmers from urban employment is the objective factor.Based on these,countermeasures are put forward:formulating a reasonable price of land transfer;establishing a reasonable land compensation and benefit-sharing mechanism;setting up a multi-level social security system for land-losing farmers;increasing the human capital investment in land-losing farmers to enhance their employment status;and improving the cultural quality of land-losing farmers to realize the change in lifestyle.

The Logic of Chinese Farmer’s Citizenization

Farmers’ citizenization concerns three logical aspects. First, farmers’ viability determines whether they can truly be citizenized and whether they can realize scale management of rural land. Second, farmers’ viability also determines the time for the realization of scale management of rural land and subsequently determines the coming of the Lewis turning point and commercialization point. Third, the key to viability’s coming into play lies in the government’s institutional supply. Citizenization is in step with the long process of scale management of farmland, the coming of the Lewis turning point and commercialization point, the eventual eradication of the impact of the household registration system, and the development of professional farmers. Farmers’ viability is the ultimate key to such synchronized challenges. There are two approaches to the enhancement of farmers’ viability. The first is “to invest in farmers” and the second is to alleviate the existing household registration system’s constraints on farmers. The first approach outweighs the second, for its quintessential essence is to increase farmers’ per capita capital, enhance their viability and transform China from a country with vast human resources into a country with quality human resources.

Study on the lack of social security employment in the process of citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers in Jilin Province

Jilin Province, the new generation of migrant workers is an important force in the modernization construction of our province, the new generation of migrant workers into the city is the urbanization of new generation migrant workers directly affects the industrialization in the province, city and modernization level, the new generation of migrant workers into the city has an important role in the urban and rural development. The citizenization of migrant workers is a necessary measure to conform to the trend of historical development, and the government has also been committed to the promotion of the citizenization of migrant workers. The problem of the citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers in our province is based on giving full consideration to the actual situation of migrant workers in our province and drawing on the problems of migrant workers＇ integration into cities in other areas. The citizenization of migrant workers is an important way to improve the urbanization of our province, has a direct impact on the modernization process of our province. To promote and realize the integration of the new generation of migrant workers into the city is an inevitable requirement for China＇ s national conditions and the development of the times.

Non-equilibrium Analysis of Migrant Workers ' Medical Insurance System under the Background of Citizenization

The participation of migrant workers in medical insurance of urban workers is a formal institutional arrangement. However,in reality,the insurance participation rate of migrant workers is low and the medical insurance taken by the migrant workers is not sufficient,which seriously hinders the process of the citizenization of migrant workers. The main reason lies in the unbalanced supply and demand of the current system. With the continuous advancement of the citizenization process,the rural migrant workers' demand for medical insurance has changed.However,our research found that the supply of medical insurance system for migrant workers is seriously inadequate,the system and the institutional environment are disconnected,the internal contradictions of the system are increasing,and a large amount of potential profits are accumulated under the current system. Potential profit is the motive force to promote institutional innovation and promote the reform of current system to strike a balance.

Migrant workers' citizenization creates demand for consumption

This paper examines the mechanism and avenues through which China’s current urbanization pattern acts uponeconomic growth.Drawing distinctions among rural residents, migrant workers and urban citizens, this paper provesthat citizenization will promote balanced and sound economic growth by reducing income gaps and enlarging urbansize and human capital.The mechanism and influences are simulated using the CGE model, and the result suggeststhat an increase of 10 million urban citizens (7 million migrant workers plus their dependents) can push the economicgrowth rate up one percentage point.Citizenization will promote China’s domestic consumption and fixed-assetinvestments, reduce dependence on international trade and create greater demand for services, all important means fortransforming China’s growth pattern awareness.

Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations:Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic

The House Martin(Delichon urbicum)is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape,yet its population numbers are currently in decline.However,it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline occurs.To fill this gap in our knowledge,we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science data.Utilizing a generalised linear mixed-effect model(GLMM),we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning 2009-2017.Our analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin abundance.More specifically,our results indicate that within agricultural land covers“naturally managed arable lands”exhibited significant positive effect,while forests,orchards,and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin populations.Within urban land covers,we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations,with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure,development areas,and post-industrial sites(i.e.,UrbanAreas),while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas(i.e.,GreenUrban).Notably,our findings suggest that the simple spatial,age,and species structure typical of forests in Europe,and similarly,the uniform structure of parks and gardens,may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House Martin.We advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery,expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.

Higher intakes of lysine,threonine and valine are inversely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk:a community-based case-control study in the Chinese elderly

The associations of individual amino acid with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)risk remained unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the associations between the two in the Chinese elderly.Methods:A community-based health check-up program was conducted in Qingdao,China.NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography accompanied by epidemiological investigation.The dietary intakes of amino acids were investigated with 3-day,24-h dietary records and calculated by Nutrition Calculator software.Restricted cubic spline model was used to evaluate a nonlinear relationship between amino acid intake and NAFLD risk.Results:400 NAFLD subjects were identified,and 400 participants were randomly selected as controls and matched by gender and age(±3 years)Dose-response analysis showed that 1000 mg increment of aromatic amino acids(AAAs)was associated with reduced 16%risk of NAFLD.Dietary increments of 750 mg/d threonine,950 mg/d valine,or 1700 mg/d lysine were associated with a 20%reduction in the NAFLD risk(all P for linearity<0.05).Conclusion:The present study demonstrated that the dietary increases in milk,eggs and deep-sea fish,which are rich in the amino acids,might contribute to protecting against NAFLD in the elderly.

Predictive value of systemic immunity index for sepsis in low-medium risk community-acquired pneumonia

Objective:To assess the predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index(SII)for sepsis in low-and medium-risk community-acquired pneumonia.Methods:A total of 589 elderly patients with low-and medium-risk community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the Emergency Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were included as the research subjects,and the general information and laboratory test results of the patients were collected,and the optimal cut-off value of continuous variables for predicting sepsis in elderly patients with low-and medium-risk community-acquired pneumonia was determined by plotting the receiver work characteristic(ROC)curve,which was converted into dichotomous variables and univariate and multivariate logistic Regression analysis of the influencing factors of sepsis in elderly patients with low-and medium-risk community-acquired pneumonia.Based on this,a nomogram model is constructed to predict the risk of sepsis.The differentiation,consistency and accuracy of the model were verified by calibration curve and subject operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the clinical utility of the model was determined by decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 589 elderly patients with low-and intermediate-risk community-acquired pneumonia were included in this study,of which 96(16.30%)developed sepsis.There were significant differences in age,diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,Lac,PCT,SII and other indexes between sepsis and non-sepsis groups(P<0.05).Logistics regression analysis showed that age,diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,Lac,and SII were independent risk factors for sepsis in elderly patients with low-and medium-risk community-acquired pneumonia.The nomogram prediction model was used to verify the results,and the AUC was 0.826(95%CI:0.780-0.872),and the calibration curve tended to the ideal curve with good accuracy.The decision curve shows that when the threshold of the model is between 0.10~0.78,the model has the advantage of clinical benefit.Conclusion:The nomogram prediction model constructed based on SII to predict sepsis in elderly patients with low-and medium-risk community-acquired pneumonia has good accuracy,which can predict the occurrence of sepsis early,help early identification of high-risk groups and timely intervention,and thus improve the prognosis of patients.

Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

We are evaluating dryland cotton production in Martin County, Texas, measuring cotton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to collect rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selection of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the cost of using, for example, a tipping bucket-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searched for an alternative method. We selected an all-in-one commercially available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objective was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to compare these to measurements obtained with an automatic weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water Conservation Meteorological Tower that was used as our AWS, located at USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX. In addition, we measured and compared hourly average values of short-wave irradiance (Rg), air temperature (Tair) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and calculated values of dewpoint temperature (Tdew). This comparison was done over a 242-day period (1 October 2022-31 May 2023) and results indicated that there was no statistical difference in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rg measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on clear days, but PWS measurements were higher on cloudy days. There was no statistical difference between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tair, RH, and calculated Tdew. Hourly average measurements of Rg and WS were more variable. We concluded that the PWS we selected will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland cotton lint yield per unit rainfall.

Analysis of the costs and benefits of citizenization in China

Rapid industrialization in the wake of reform and opening up has transferred a large rural population to the cities,yet the vast majority of these people are not entitled to the same urban social services as are urban residents,including education and healthcare.This poses unique problems for the urbanization of the migrant agricultural population.Many analysts hold that the biggest barrier to making these migrant rural citizens into compleu urban citizens is the high cost.Pan Jiahua,through a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and costs of the agricultural population transfer,maintains that the benefits far outweigh the costs,and the problem lies in the asymmetry of real interests and the limited expenditure on basic urban social services for the transferring agricultural population.The key to resolving the conundrum of cost in the urbanization of the transferring agricultural population lies in scientifically understanding benefits,breaking pattern of real interests,and accelerating the process of urbanization of the transferring agricultural population.

The process and approach for the“citizenization”of Chinese rural migrant populations

China has a large rural migrant population,the country’s urbanization rate is low,and the cost of urbanization is high.These factors make the promotion of urbanization in China a long,arduous,and expensive task.By identifying and defining key elements of China’s urbanization transformation,this paper calculates the degree of China’s current transformation and proposes an approach based on systemic data to facilitate the continued process of transforming rural populations into citizens with full urban residential rights,herein referred to as“citizenization.”This paper finds that only about 40%of rural migrants had transformed into urban residents in 2011,and this share remained stagnant in 2012.Meanwhile,according to the sixth demographic census,the incomplete urbanization rate-calculated based on the difference between the share of the registered non-agriculture population as a percentage of the total population and the share of permanent urban residents-reached 23 percentage points.This thesis argues that it is necessary to advance the transformation process in a steady,stage-by-stage manner,including by carrying out multi-pronged efforts in various fields at various levels,and establishing a diversified cost-sharing mechanism,so as to achieve higher-quality,rational urbanization in China.

Analysis of Citizen Participation in Urban Planning of Comala,Colima,Mexico-A Secondary Publication

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of citizen participation in urban planning processes in the municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico to have a broader vision of the citizens and the environment in which they live.An instrument was designed specifically to perform this study and the instrument was validated by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha.The results showed that citizens were highly involved in issues concerning their urban environment,and the main problems of the public spaces were also identified.

Critical Success Factors for Citizen Development

The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of Citizen Development activities on digital transformation. The research identified eight categories that contribute to the success of Low-code No-code (LCNC) projects: 1) Strategy;2) Infrastructure;3) Technology;4) Processes & Procedures;5) Governance;6) Culture;7) People;8) Goals & Metrics and selected six critical success factors from these categories: 1) Operational Efficiency;2) Time Savings;3) Timeframe to Realize Value;4) Employee Engagement;5) Participation;6) Number of Sponsored Ideas. End users of the digital transformation efforts through Citizen Development were asked to assess the six critical success measures in terms of performance and importance criteria. The research results identified that focus should be applied to improving “Timeframe to Realize Value”, on “Operational Efficiency”, and on “Time Savings” to deliver success.

Citizenization of Native Villagers after Redeveloped Urban Village:A Case Study of Liede Community in Guangzhou

Based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews,participative observation,and literature study,this paper aims to get insights into the patterns and process of the citizenization of native villagers living in Liede Community,which is the first redeveloped urban village in Guangzhou.Investigation on villagers' citizenization level is carried out to examine how the redevelopment project affects villagers' citizenization.Our finding reveals that the redevelopment project has improved villagers' living conditions and income levels remarkably,has facilitated the mixed housing patterns of diversified social groups,and has increased their chances to be integrated into urban social life.Nevertheless,as villagers kept their traditional mode of thinking,behavioral habits,and lifestyles,the citizenization process made little progress in terms of land ownership,management mode,mode of livelihood,and citizen identity.Therefore,the Liede redevelopment project has turned out to be a "passive citizenization" process,i.e.,villagers merely received socio-economic benefits from the redevelopment passively but remained isolated from the socio-economic and cultural system of the city.Finally,this paper proposes some policy suggestions to promote the citizenization from both conceptual and practical perspectives.

Impact of agricultural landscape structure on the patterns of bird species diversity at a regional scale

The loss of bird species diversity is a crucial problem in the European agricultural landscape.Change in the area coverage of major land cover types has been mentioned as one of the main factors responsible for bird biodiversity impoverishment.In this study,we focused on the impact of landscape matrix characteristics on bird species richness and on Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index on a spatial scale of 1000-m radius around the measured occurrence points.We investigated how land cover composition affects bird diversity on the landscape scale using nationwide citizen science data.In total,168,739 records of bird occurrence in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic during growing season from 2009 to 2019 were evaluated.We found that the presence of water bodies and wetlands significantly corresponded to the areas of highest bird species richness.We also revealed that the presence of forests(~60%of the forest in the Czech Republic is occupied by commercial forests),urban areas and arable land were negatively associated with bird species richness and phylogenetic diversity.Forests(both coniferous and deciduous)and urban habitats were found to have a tendency to host a clustered phylogenetic community structure in comparison with wetland and arable land.A strong negative association between forest proportion and bird diversity led us to conclude that the expansion of the forest(with simple species composition,horizontal and vertical structure)could be one of the critical drivers of the decline of bird species diversity in the European agricultural landscape.On the other hand,our results also pointed out that small woody features(i.e.,woodlots)and scattered woodland shrub vegetation were one of the main landscape characteristics supporting a bird diversity in rural landscape.This is in concordance with other studies which mention these landscape structures as important elements for nesting and foraging of farmland birds.We thus recommend to maintain and restore scattered trees or woodlots with complex structure in agricultural landscape.