Hints of the Photonic Nature of the Electromagnetic Fields in Classical Electrodynamics

Several recent publications show that the electromagnetic radiation generated by transmitting antennas satisfy the following universal conditions: The time domain radiation fields satisfy the condition A ≥ h/4π ⇒q ≥ e where A is the action of the radiation field, which is defined as the product of the radiated energy and the duration of the radiation, h is the Planck constant, e is the electronic charge and q is the charge associated with the radiating system. The frequency domain radiation fields satisfy the condition U ≥ hv ⇒q ≥ e where U is the energy radiated in a single burst of radiation of duration T/2 and v is the frequency of oscillation. The goal of this paper is to show that these conditions, which indeed are expressions of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields, are satisfied not only by the radiation fields generated by physical antennas but also by the radiation fields generated by accelerating or decelerating electric charges. The results presented here together with the results obtained in previous studies show that hints of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic radiation remain hidden in the field equations of classical electrodynamics, and they become apparent when the dimension of the radiating system is pushed to the extreme limits as allowed by nature.

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10-10 J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.

Anomalously Strong Scattering of Spontaneously Produced Laser Radiation in the First Free-Electron Laser and Study of Free-Electron Two-Quantum Stark Lasing in an Electric Wiggler with Quantum-Wiggler Electrodynamics

We calculate the scattering cross section of an electron with respect to the spontaneously produced laser radiation in the first free-electron laser （FEL） with quantum-wiggler electrodynamics （QWD）. The cross section is 1016 times the Thomson cross section, confirming the result obtained by a previous analysis of the experimental data. A QWD calculation show that spontaneous emission in an FEL using only an electric wiggler can be very strong while amplification through net stimulated emission is practically negligible.

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part I—Analysis Based on Time Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

In this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe is derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron is represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It is shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy and the time duration of emission are constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. The inequality derived is given by ρΛ ≤ 9.9×10-9J/m3 where ρΛ is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 0.538 × 10-9J/m. Since there is a direct relationship between the vacuum energy density and the Einstein’s cosmological constant, the inequality can be converted directly to that of the cosmological constant.

Longitudinal Scalar Wave(LSW)Fact:It Is a True Science,Neither Pseudoscience Nor Fiction(A Short Memorandum)

The discovery of scalar energy many years ago has mostly been ignored since then.Scalar energy is still misunderstood,underappreciated,and underutilized today.To comprehend the future,one must look back at the past.Scalar energy was first discovered by Scottish physicist James Clark Maxwell,who was born in 1831.Maxwell made significant advances in mathematical physics.He developed the theories relating to electromagnetic fields and radiation.Maxwell’s discoveries were advanced by Nikola Tesla,who also created instruments that demonstrated the presence of scalar energy.Nicola Tesla discovered an electromagnetic longitudinal wave in the early 1900s.It is capable of lossless energy transmission over great distances,lossless power transmission through solid metal objects,and wireless energy transmission.In this patent,Tesla neither named it nor provided a description of how it operated.Now,in the twenty-first century,it is referred to as LSWs(longitudinal scalar waves).Instantaneous longitudinal waves called scalars cover the entire field.In contrast to electromagnetic waves,which are transverse and move along an axis in a certain direction,they do not propagate along an axis or have a direction.As“vector”waves,electromagnetic waves lose power as they travel farther and pass through solid metal objects.Scalar waves also offer a unique property that Tesla does not include in his patent,which concentrates on the transportation of energy.These waves can transmit information as well.

Is Zero Point Energy(ZPE)True Science or Fiction?(A Short Memorandum)

ZPE(zero-point energy)is a concept in physics that refers to the lowest possible energy state that a quantum mechanical physical system can have.It is the energy that remains even at absolute zero temperature,where all classical forms of energy are assumed to be absent.Within quantum physics,the idea of ZPE is well-established.According to quantum field theory,quantum fields fluctuate even in empty space,resulting in a constant emergence and disappearance of particles and antiparticles.The ZPE comes from these fluctuations.ZPE can be used as a useful energy source;however,this idea is still up for discussion.ZPE has occasionally been linked in popular culture to pseudoscientific claims about“free energy”and perpetual motion machines.These assertions are usually unfounded and go beyond what is currently known about ZPE.There are currently no practical applications or tools that can extract useful energy from ZPE,even though it has fascinating theoretical implications and has been researched in the context of quantum field theory.Within the confines of currently understood physics,researchers are still exploring the concept’s potential ramifications and uses.

Fine Structure Constant Model Demonstrates the Electron Elementary Charge of Having an Intrinsic Manifold

Using our recently published electron’s charge electromagnetic flux manifold fiber model of the electron, described by analytical method and numerical simulations, we show how the fine structure constant is embedded as a geometrical proportionality constant in three dimensional space of its charge manifold and how this dictates the first QED term one-loop contribution of its anomalous magnetic moment making for the first time a connection of its intrinsic characteristics with physical geometrical dimensions and therefore demonstrating that the physical electron charge cannot be dimensionless. We show that the fine structure constant (FSC) α, and anomalous magnetic moment αμ of the electron is related to the sphericity of its charge distribution which is not perfectly spherical and thus has a shape, and therefore its self-confined charge possesses measurable physical dimensions. We also explain why these are not yet able to be measured by past and current experiments and how possible we could succeed.