To improve drying uniformity and anthocyanin content of the raspberry puree dried in a continuous microwave dryer,the effects of process parameters(microwave intensity,air velocity,and drying time)on evaluation indexe...To improve drying uniformity and anthocyanin content of the raspberry puree dried in a continuous microwave dryer,the effects of process parameters(microwave intensity,air velocity,and drying time)on evaluation indexes(average temperature,average moisture content,average retention rate of the total anthocyanin content,temperature contrast value,and moisture dispersion value)were investigated via the response surface method(RSM)and the artificial neural network(ANN)with genetic algorithm(GA).The results showed that the microwave intensity and drying time dominated the changes of evaluation indexes.Overall,the ANN model was superior to the RSM model with better estimation ability,and higher drying uniformity and anthocyanin retention rate were achieved for the ANN-GA model compared with RSM.The optimal parameters were microwave intensity of 5.53 W•g^(-1),air velocity of 1.22 m·s^(-1),and drying time of 5.85 min.This study might provide guidance for process optimization of microwave drying berry fruits.展开更多
CLC谐振型感应电能传输系统较传统的LC谐振型系统具有更大的谐振容量和更小的频率漂移,但由于系统的高阶及多周期点特性,对CLC型系统的控制更为困难。为实现CLC谐振型系统的输出鲁棒控制,将系统状态变量及非线性开关函数进行频域线性化...CLC谐振型感应电能传输系统较传统的LC谐振型系统具有更大的谐振容量和更小的频率漂移,但由于系统的高阶及多周期点特性,对CLC型系统的控制更为困难。为实现CLC谐振型系统的输出鲁棒控制,将系统状态变量及非线性开关函数进行频域线性化,通过平衡点变换,得到平衡点附近的广义状态空间平均(generalized state space averaging,GSSA)扰动模型。建立了系统的H∞控制系统结构,提出GSSA模型误差扰动有界定理并给出了证明。给出了相应的H∞扰动控制律,并通过仿真及实验结果验证了该模型及控制方法的有效性。展开更多
The isolation, culture and the active determination of poplar ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria and the inoculation tests in laboratory and field were conducted, and the varieties, distribution and number of poplar...The isolation, culture and the active determination of poplar ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria and the inoculation tests in laboratory and field were conducted, and the varieties, distribution and number of poplar INA bacteria and its pathoge-nicity and freezing injury property were determined. The study results showed that the INA bacteria widely spread on poplar in Northeast China and caused the frozen injury for poplar under the frost condition in Spring or Autumn, which was the key factor to induce INA bacterial canker. Through evaluation and investigation of different poplar varieties and inoculation tests, fine dis-ease-resistant varieties and strains of poplar suitable for Northeast China were selected. Further tests for strong seedling showed that burying cuttings in sand and covering with plastic film could effectively avoid the frostbite, frozen and drought damage, reduce INA bacteria infection, and promote poplar growth. INA bacterial canker was detected early by highly special-ized antiserums of INA bacteria and the agglutinated test of ring-shaped boundary surface. The inducers such as streptomycin, phenylmercuric acetae, salicylic acid and heat-killed bacteria to immerse cuttings, have obvious induced disease-resistant effect. Before poplar sprouted in early spring, through spraying the solution of frostbite agent, the control effect also was obvious.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘To improve drying uniformity and anthocyanin content of the raspberry puree dried in a continuous microwave dryer,the effects of process parameters(microwave intensity,air velocity,and drying time)on evaluation indexes(average temperature,average moisture content,average retention rate of the total anthocyanin content,temperature contrast value,and moisture dispersion value)were investigated via the response surface method(RSM)and the artificial neural network(ANN)with genetic algorithm(GA).The results showed that the microwave intensity and drying time dominated the changes of evaluation indexes.Overall,the ANN model was superior to the RSM model with better estimation ability,and higher drying uniformity and anthocyanin retention rate were achieved for the ANN-GA model compared with RSM.The optimal parameters were microwave intensity of 5.53 W•g^(-1),air velocity of 1.22 m·s^(-1),and drying time of 5.85 min.This study might provide guidance for process optimization of microwave drying berry fruits.
文摘CLC谐振型感应电能传输系统较传统的LC谐振型系统具有更大的谐振容量和更小的频率漂移,但由于系统的高阶及多周期点特性,对CLC型系统的控制更为困难。为实现CLC谐振型系统的输出鲁棒控制,将系统状态变量及非线性开关函数进行频域线性化,通过平衡点变换,得到平衡点附近的广义状态空间平均(generalized state space averaging,GSSA)扰动模型。建立了系统的H∞控制系统结构,提出GSSA模型误差扰动有界定理并给出了证明。给出了相应的H∞扰动控制律,并通过仿真及实验结果验证了该模型及控制方法的有效性。
基金National Foundation of Ninth Five-Year Plan (No. 96-005-04-01-03).
文摘The isolation, culture and the active determination of poplar ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria and the inoculation tests in laboratory and field were conducted, and the varieties, distribution and number of poplar INA bacteria and its pathoge-nicity and freezing injury property were determined. The study results showed that the INA bacteria widely spread on poplar in Northeast China and caused the frozen injury for poplar under the frost condition in Spring or Autumn, which was the key factor to induce INA bacterial canker. Through evaluation and investigation of different poplar varieties and inoculation tests, fine dis-ease-resistant varieties and strains of poplar suitable for Northeast China were selected. Further tests for strong seedling showed that burying cuttings in sand and covering with plastic film could effectively avoid the frostbite, frozen and drought damage, reduce INA bacteria infection, and promote poplar growth. INA bacterial canker was detected early by highly special-ized antiserums of INA bacteria and the agglutinated test of ring-shaped boundary surface. The inducers such as streptomycin, phenylmercuric acetae, salicylic acid and heat-killed bacteria to immerse cuttings, have obvious induced disease-resistant effect. Before poplar sprouted in early spring, through spraying the solution of frostbite agent, the control effect also was obvious.
