Objective Access to improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and an important aspect of Public Health.However,an estimated thousands of people in Ghana especially,the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly(WMMA)stil...Objective Access to improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and an important aspect of Public Health.However,an estimated thousands of people in Ghana especially,the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly(WMMA)still have no access to adequate toilet facilities.This has brought untold health repercussions to the inhabitants,the community,and the environment at large.To address this menace,the community-led total sanitation(CLTS)was implemented.This study aimed to assess communities’perspectives on the implementation of CLTS and to understand the factors influencing its success and failures.Methods A mixed-method approach involving sequential qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this study.Participants for the quantitative study were randomly selected and surveyed using questionnaires.The qualitative study employed focus group discussion involving purposively sampled participants including assembly members,opinion leaders,and assembly staff.Results The CLTS program in WMMA realized an apparent use of construction and proper use of household latrines leading to a reduction of open defecation free(ODF)and two communities achieving sanitized status in the history of the study area,enabling the training of latrine artisans and natural leaders to facilitate the CLTS expansion and sustainability,improved sanitation and hygiene,strengthened the enforcement of community rules and regulations and many others.Conclusion The CLTS program has received more widespread acceptance in the study area than the previous government policy of constructing public toilets,which was greeted with massive failures due to poor implementation.To ensure that gains achieved through CLTS implementation are sustained longer,it is recommended that chiefs and opinion leaders should be involved in the CLTS programs to ensure checks and enforcement.The entrenchment of bylaws and more education to address enduring myths and misconceptions will sustain the program.Subsidies in the form of sanitation loans for latrine construction materials by the government and supporting non-governmental organizations(NGOs)will be paramount in sustaining ODF.展开更多
Tourism English Major students’English communicative ability is very important for students’to promote professional skills.It is necessary for students to improve the commnunicative ability and It is one of the teac...Tourism English Major students’English communicative ability is very important for students’to promote professional skills.It is necessary for students to improve the commnunicative ability and It is one of the teachers’main tasks to cultivate students’communicative ability.展开更多
Through in-depth analysis of advertisement slogans,the present study probes into the unique contribution of trancreation in conveying brand messages and triggering emotional resonance of the audience.The study firstly...Through in-depth analysis of advertisement slogans,the present study probes into the unique contribution of trancreation in conveying brand messages and triggering emotional resonance of the audience.The study firstly outlines theoretical basis of transcreation from the perspective of Communicative Translation Theory,emphasizing its uniqueness in the traditional translation paradigm.Then the four key steps of transcreation,including in-depth understanding of the brand essence,sensitive response to cultural differences,flexible use of language skills,and incorporation of creative elements,are examined by means of case analysis in advertisement translation.Finally,the article sums up the positive impact of transcreation on cultural exchange,brand communication and translation field,particularly in the era of globalisation.展开更多
Nowadays,the Communicative Language Teaching Approach has gained significant popularity in the field of foreign language teaching.However,there appears to be a stagnation in its application effects.Therefore,this thes...Nowadays,the Communicative Language Teaching Approach has gained significant popularity in the field of foreign language teaching.However,there appears to be a stagnation in its application effects.Therefore,this thesis aims to investigate the present state of CLT implementation and identify the factors influencing its execution within English major classrooms at Chinese universities from a student perspective.30 students responded to the questionnaire and 5 students participated in interviews to provide detailed insights.Through analysis,it was observed that CLT has been widely used in English classes and received positive feedback from students.Factors including the Test-oriented Educational system,teacher factors,student factors,and the Chinese traditional Confucius idea about teaching have an important impact on its implementation.Additionally,this article offers potential recommendations aimed at reconciling the CLT Approach with the Chinese educational context.展开更多
The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Anal...The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Analysis results revealed street interviews help students acquire knowledge in intercultural attitudes,intercultural knowledge,skills of discovery and interaction,and critical cultural awareness,aligning with the four components of Byram’s ICC model.Meanwhile,they have positive perceptions of street interviews.Therefore,street interviews have a positive effect on the development of participants’ICC.展开更多
Language teaching approaches are always changing according to social needs for various talents and there is no exception for Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).From 1960s,people become more and more interested in co...Language teaching approaches are always changing according to social needs for various talents and there is no exception for Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).From 1960s,people become more and more interested in communicative function of languages.Communicative Competence,Functional Linguistics,Speech Act Theory and related learning theories help the CLT form the teaching aim of cultivating students'communicative ability.Scholars start to regard language communicative competence as the final teaching purpose.This article will explore CLT in terms of language teaching views,advantages and disadvantages.What is more,it comes to the following conclusions:there exists no language teaching approach that is absolutely superior,including CLT.Language teachers should use different approaches flexibly so as to reach the teaching aim.展开更多
This paper, first of all, introduces Communicative Language Teaching in an all-round way by elaborating the primary principles of Communicative Language Approach from five aspects. Then it analyzes the implementation ...This paper, first of all, introduces Communicative Language Teaching in an all-round way by elaborating the primary principles of Communicative Language Approach from five aspects. Then it analyzes the implementation of CLA in China and puts forward that CLA should be combined with the traditional method to form a new approach——the integrated approach, in order to improve the quality of English teaching in China.展开更多
Games are an indispensible part of Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).They not only reduce EFL learners’ stress and increase their learning motivation,but also improve their communication competence and promote flu...Games are an indispensible part of Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).They not only reduce EFL learners’ stress and increase their learning motivation,but also improve their communication competence and promote fluency.It is advocated that games should be implemented by EFL teachers in CLT,meanwhile paying attention to the communicative characteristics of games in the application and design of games.展开更多
Though China's present situation in English language teaching is quite favorable,some problems are still very outstanding.It seems that the communicative competence of Chinese students is not that satisfactory.The...Though China's present situation in English language teaching is quite favorable,some problems are still very outstanding.It seems that the communicative competence of Chinese students is not that satisfactory.The Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) approach,which regards"communicative competence"as the goal of language teaching,is becoming more and more popular in China's English language teaching.This paper shows that the CLT approach does work in improving students' communicative competence to some degree,through reviewing relevant literature on this approach.However,it is not a panacea to solve all the problems occurring in students' communicative competence for it also has some weak points.Several suggestions were proposed to enhance students' grammatical competence as well as the communicative block due to cultural differences.It is also advisable for teachers to be as flexible as possible in choosing the teaching techniques and adding whichever input needed to effectively achieve the main goal of making students both grammatically accurate and communicatively proficient.展开更多
CLT as one of the learner-centred approaches,which has been widely used in classrooms all over the world.In the AsiaPacific Region,many schools adopt CLT as a main teaching approach,especially in East Asian countries(...CLT as one of the learner-centred approaches,which has been widely used in classrooms all over the world.In the AsiaPacific Region,many schools adopt CLT as a main teaching approach,especially in East Asian countries(e.g.,China,Japan and Korea).In fact,CLT attracts thousands of scholars and researchers at home and abroad.This paper research on CLT in English classrooms of Chinese university from the Chinese teachers'opinions,the Chinese EFL students'attitudes and the Chinese government's position.Through the analysis,it is concluded that the CLT is suitable for college English classes in China,and the implementation of the CLT needs to be improved.展开更多
Simon Andrewes analyses the approach known as Communicative language Teaching.It was minted on certain assumptions about students'needs,classroom composition,exposure to L2,cultural packaging,uses of language,lear...Simon Andrewes analyses the approach known as Communicative language Teaching.It was minted on certain assumptions about students'needs,classroom composition,exposure to L2,cultural packaging,uses of language,learner autonomy,etc.If these assumptions do not apply to a particular teaching situation,the methodology itself is invalidated.展开更多
Social activities Apart from functional communicative activities, the CA also gives high priority to what it calls interactive social activities. In these, attention is paid to the social context (oral conventions wit...Social activities Apart from functional communicative activities, the CA also gives high priority to what it calls interactive social activities. In these, attention is paid to the social context (oral conventions with regard to using language appropriate for a particular social situation).In the classroom, this objective is achieved through role play or simulations in pairs or groups, where the aim is not only effective communication but the socially appropriate use of language, correct register, etc.展开更多
Based on the brief overview presented above,a more direct,systematic approach toteaching communicative language abilities appears to be emerging gradually along the lines of Richards'(1990)direct approach.Such an ...Based on the brief overview presented above,a more direct,systematic approach toteaching communicative language abilities appears to be emerging gradually along the lines of Richards'(1990)direct approach.Such an approach requires,first,a detailed description of what communicative competence entails so that the subcomponents can be used as some kind of content base in syllabus design.Then the classroom activities canbe developed for each of the selected language areas.Thisdoes not necessarily implya return to traditional,structural syllabi.Pedagogic tasks combined with a systematic focus on form,as outlined by Long and Crookes(1992),could well function as the primary organizational units in a direct communicative syllabus.展开更多
The teaching of German as a Foreign Language(DaF)aims to prepare students who study German and take the DaF exam for their professional studies in German universities.Therefore,it is important to integrate the element...The teaching of German as a Foreign Language(DaF)aims to prepare students who study German and take the DaF exam for their professional studies in German universities.Therefore,it is important to integrate the elements of specialised language knowledge and develop the students’professional communicative competence in the Test DaF curriculum.This paper identifies the specialized language knowledge and professional communicative competence that should be incorporated in German language teaching,based on the objectives of the DaF examination.展开更多
文摘Objective Access to improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and an important aspect of Public Health.However,an estimated thousands of people in Ghana especially,the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly(WMMA)still have no access to adequate toilet facilities.This has brought untold health repercussions to the inhabitants,the community,and the environment at large.To address this menace,the community-led total sanitation(CLTS)was implemented.This study aimed to assess communities’perspectives on the implementation of CLTS and to understand the factors influencing its success and failures.Methods A mixed-method approach involving sequential qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this study.Participants for the quantitative study were randomly selected and surveyed using questionnaires.The qualitative study employed focus group discussion involving purposively sampled participants including assembly members,opinion leaders,and assembly staff.Results The CLTS program in WMMA realized an apparent use of construction and proper use of household latrines leading to a reduction of open defecation free(ODF)and two communities achieving sanitized status in the history of the study area,enabling the training of latrine artisans and natural leaders to facilitate the CLTS expansion and sustainability,improved sanitation and hygiene,strengthened the enforcement of community rules and regulations and many others.Conclusion The CLTS program has received more widespread acceptance in the study area than the previous government policy of constructing public toilets,which was greeted with massive failures due to poor implementation.To ensure that gains achieved through CLTS implementation are sustained longer,it is recommended that chiefs and opinion leaders should be involved in the CLTS programs to ensure checks and enforcement.The entrenchment of bylaws and more education to address enduring myths and misconceptions will sustain the program.Subsidies in the form of sanitation loans for latrine construction materials by the government and supporting non-governmental organizations(NGOs)will be paramount in sustaining ODF.
文摘Tourism English Major students’English communicative ability is very important for students’to promote professional skills.It is necessary for students to improve the commnunicative ability and It is one of the teachers’main tasks to cultivate students’communicative ability.
文摘Through in-depth analysis of advertisement slogans,the present study probes into the unique contribution of trancreation in conveying brand messages and triggering emotional resonance of the audience.The study firstly outlines theoretical basis of transcreation from the perspective of Communicative Translation Theory,emphasizing its uniqueness in the traditional translation paradigm.Then the four key steps of transcreation,including in-depth understanding of the brand essence,sensitive response to cultural differences,flexible use of language skills,and incorporation of creative elements,are examined by means of case analysis in advertisement translation.Finally,the article sums up the positive impact of transcreation on cultural exchange,brand communication and translation field,particularly in the era of globalisation.
文摘Nowadays,the Communicative Language Teaching Approach has gained significant popularity in the field of foreign language teaching.However,there appears to be a stagnation in its application effects.Therefore,this thesis aims to investigate the present state of CLT implementation and identify the factors influencing its execution within English major classrooms at Chinese universities from a student perspective.30 students responded to the questionnaire and 5 students participated in interviews to provide detailed insights.Through analysis,it was observed that CLT has been widely used in English classes and received positive feedback from students.Factors including the Test-oriented Educational system,teacher factors,student factors,and the Chinese traditional Confucius idea about teaching have an important impact on its implementation.Additionally,this article offers potential recommendations aimed at reconciling the CLT Approach with the Chinese educational context.
文摘The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Analysis results revealed street interviews help students acquire knowledge in intercultural attitudes,intercultural knowledge,skills of discovery and interaction,and critical cultural awareness,aligning with the four components of Byram’s ICC model.Meanwhile,they have positive perceptions of street interviews.Therefore,street interviews have a positive effect on the development of participants’ICC.
文摘Language teaching approaches are always changing according to social needs for various talents and there is no exception for Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).From 1960s,people become more and more interested in communicative function of languages.Communicative Competence,Functional Linguistics,Speech Act Theory and related learning theories help the CLT form the teaching aim of cultivating students'communicative ability.Scholars start to regard language communicative competence as the final teaching purpose.This article will explore CLT in terms of language teaching views,advantages and disadvantages.What is more,it comes to the following conclusions:there exists no language teaching approach that is absolutely superior,including CLT.Language teachers should use different approaches flexibly so as to reach the teaching aim.
文摘This paper, first of all, introduces Communicative Language Teaching in an all-round way by elaborating the primary principles of Communicative Language Approach from five aspects. Then it analyzes the implementation of CLA in China and puts forward that CLA should be combined with the traditional method to form a new approach——the integrated approach, in order to improve the quality of English teaching in China.
文摘Games are an indispensible part of Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).They not only reduce EFL learners’ stress and increase their learning motivation,but also improve their communication competence and promote fluency.It is advocated that games should be implemented by EFL teachers in CLT,meanwhile paying attention to the communicative characteristics of games in the application and design of games.
文摘Though China's present situation in English language teaching is quite favorable,some problems are still very outstanding.It seems that the communicative competence of Chinese students is not that satisfactory.The Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) approach,which regards"communicative competence"as the goal of language teaching,is becoming more and more popular in China's English language teaching.This paper shows that the CLT approach does work in improving students' communicative competence to some degree,through reviewing relevant literature on this approach.However,it is not a panacea to solve all the problems occurring in students' communicative competence for it also has some weak points.Several suggestions were proposed to enhance students' grammatical competence as well as the communicative block due to cultural differences.It is also advisable for teachers to be as flexible as possible in choosing the teaching techniques and adding whichever input needed to effectively achieve the main goal of making students both grammatically accurate and communicatively proficient.
文摘CLT as one of the learner-centred approaches,which has been widely used in classrooms all over the world.In the AsiaPacific Region,many schools adopt CLT as a main teaching approach,especially in East Asian countries(e.g.,China,Japan and Korea).In fact,CLT attracts thousands of scholars and researchers at home and abroad.This paper research on CLT in English classrooms of Chinese university from the Chinese teachers'opinions,the Chinese EFL students'attitudes and the Chinese government's position.Through the analysis,it is concluded that the CLT is suitable for college English classes in China,and the implementation of the CLT needs to be improved.
文摘Simon Andrewes analyses the approach known as Communicative language Teaching.It was minted on certain assumptions about students'needs,classroom composition,exposure to L2,cultural packaging,uses of language,learner autonomy,etc.If these assumptions do not apply to a particular teaching situation,the methodology itself is invalidated.
文摘Social activities Apart from functional communicative activities, the CA also gives high priority to what it calls interactive social activities. In these, attention is paid to the social context (oral conventions with regard to using language appropriate for a particular social situation).In the classroom, this objective is achieved through role play or simulations in pairs or groups, where the aim is not only effective communication but the socially appropriate use of language, correct register, etc.
文摘Based on the brief overview presented above,a more direct,systematic approach toteaching communicative language abilities appears to be emerging gradually along the lines of Richards'(1990)direct approach.Such an approach requires,first,a detailed description of what communicative competence entails so that the subcomponents can be used as some kind of content base in syllabus design.Then the classroom activities canbe developed for each of the selected language areas.Thisdoes not necessarily implya return to traditional,structural syllabi.Pedagogic tasks combined with a systematic focus on form,as outlined by Long and Crookes(1992),could well function as the primary organizational units in a direct communicative syllabus.
文摘The teaching of German as a Foreign Language(DaF)aims to prepare students who study German and take the DaF exam for their professional studies in German universities.Therefore,it is important to integrate the elements of specialised language knowledge and develop the students’professional communicative competence in the Test DaF curriculum.This paper identifies the specialized language knowledge and professional communicative competence that should be incorporated in German language teaching,based on the objectives of the DaF examination.
