The Fifth-Generation(5G)cellular and wireless communication envisage to integrate multiple technologies to provide a wide range of applications.The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)needs a ...The Fifth-Generation(5G)cellular and wireless communication envisage to integrate multiple technologies to provide a wide range of applications.The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)needs a common cellular platform to increase the network’s extensibility and adaptability.The Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)offers a scalable and flexible Base Station(BS)architecture for the next-generation wireless and mobile networks,where the BS functionality is split into a distributed radio unit known as Remote Radio Head(RRH)and a Centralized BaseBand Unit(C-BBU).To further make the C-BBU scalable and flexible,the baseband signal processing is carried out over a virtualized platform.The load at the RRH and C-BBU can vary from under-loaded to overloaded conditions which increase the power consumption and degrade the Quality-of-Service(QoS)of the C-RAN.In this paper,we formulate under-loaded and overloaded conditions at the RRH and the C-BBU,and propose a Co-operative Load Balancing(CLB)algorithm for handling the cellular traffic in real-time under different load conditions.The proposed CLB aims to maximize the utilization of hardware resources at the RRH and C-BBU.The CLB algorithm is compared with CDI,CZ,NDLB,DLB in the first phase for the RF load balancing.In the second phase of simulation,CLB is compared with the FCFS,IWRR,OLB,GP and TLB algorithms for server(C-BBU)load balancing.The parameters considered for comparison are:User Entity(UE)waiting time,blocking probability and processing time at the RRH and the C-BBU.Simulation results show that the use of co-operative load balancing technique improves the QoS in the C-RAN by reducing the blocking probability and UE waiting time.The CLB algorithm is validated with LTE TU-Vienna and cloudSim simulators for the RRH and the C-BBU,respectively.展开更多
Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer.Gut microbes can regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism.However,it is still unknown whether probiotic therapy can protect the host from intesti...Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer.Gut microbes can regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism.However,it is still unknown whether probiotic therapy can protect the host from intestinal tumor invasion by reducing amino acid intake.With in vitro methods,three acid-tolerant strains from fermented pickles were screened out.Using azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer models,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus brevis CLB3,Lactobacillus plantarum XLP,and Lactobacillus johnsonii CM on model mice.Their functional mechanisms were further explained through anatomy section,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemical staining analyses as well as database mining and gut culturomics.The Lactobacillus brevis(L.brevis)CLB3 treatment significantly improved the clinical signs and symptoms of colon cancer,alleviated colon damage,and inhibited colon carcinogenesis in mice.In addition,this treatment significantly increased gut cultivable Lactobacillus abundance,inhibited the expression and translation levels of the tumor metabolism-related solute carrier(SLC)amino acid transporter including SLC7A5 and SLC7A11,lowered circulating interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-17A(IL-17A)levels,and improved the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer proliferation factors.These findings suggest that L.brevis CLB3 can reduce amino acid transport,inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling and enhance intestinal anti-tumor immune responses,which provides a potential targeting amino acid transporter strategy for preventing colorectal cancer.展开更多
Interconnected cells,Configurable Logic Blocks(CLBs),and input/output(I/O)pads are all present in every Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)structure.The interconnects are formed by the physical paths for connecting th...Interconnected cells,Configurable Logic Blocks(CLBs),and input/output(I/O)pads are all present in every Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)structure.The interconnects are formed by the physical paths for connecting the blocks.The combinational and sequential circuits are used in the logic blocks to execute logical functions.The FPGA includes two different tests called interconnect testing and logical testing.Instead of using an additional circuitry,the Built-in-Self-Test(BIST)logic is coded into an FPGA,which is then reconfigured to perform its specific operation after the testing is completed.As a result,additional test circuits for the FPGA board are no longer required.The FPGA BIST has no area overhead or performance reduction issues like conventional BIST.A resource-efficient testing scheme is essential to assure the appropriate operation of FPGA look-up tables for effectively testing the functional operation.In this work,the Configurable Logic Blocks(CLBs)of virtex-ultrascale FPGAs are tested using a BIST with a simple architecture.To evaluate the CLBs’capabilities including distributed modes of operation of Random Access Memory(RAM),several types of configurations are created.These setups have the ability to identify 100%stuck-at failures in every CLB.This method is suitable for all phases of FPGA testing and has no overhead or performance cost.展开更多
文摘The Fifth-Generation(5G)cellular and wireless communication envisage to integrate multiple technologies to provide a wide range of applications.The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology(ICT)needs a common cellular platform to increase the network’s extensibility and adaptability.The Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)offers a scalable and flexible Base Station(BS)architecture for the next-generation wireless and mobile networks,where the BS functionality is split into a distributed radio unit known as Remote Radio Head(RRH)and a Centralized BaseBand Unit(C-BBU).To further make the C-BBU scalable and flexible,the baseband signal processing is carried out over a virtualized platform.The load at the RRH and C-BBU can vary from under-loaded to overloaded conditions which increase the power consumption and degrade the Quality-of-Service(QoS)of the C-RAN.In this paper,we formulate under-loaded and overloaded conditions at the RRH and the C-BBU,and propose a Co-operative Load Balancing(CLB)algorithm for handling the cellular traffic in real-time under different load conditions.The proposed CLB aims to maximize the utilization of hardware resources at the RRH and C-BBU.The CLB algorithm is compared with CDI,CZ,NDLB,DLB in the first phase for the RF load balancing.In the second phase of simulation,CLB is compared with the FCFS,IWRR,OLB,GP and TLB algorithms for server(C-BBU)load balancing.The parameters considered for comparison are:User Entity(UE)waiting time,blocking probability and processing time at the RRH and the C-BBU.Simulation results show that the use of co-operative load balancing technique improves the QoS in the C-RAN by reducing the blocking probability and UE waiting time.The CLB algorithm is validated with LTE TU-Vienna and cloudSim simulators for the RRH and the C-BBU,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000504)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500060)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z181100009318004),Chinathe USDA HATCH Project(HAW05020H),USA.
文摘Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer.Gut microbes can regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism.However,it is still unknown whether probiotic therapy can protect the host from intestinal tumor invasion by reducing amino acid intake.With in vitro methods,three acid-tolerant strains from fermented pickles were screened out.Using azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer models,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus brevis CLB3,Lactobacillus plantarum XLP,and Lactobacillus johnsonii CM on model mice.Their functional mechanisms were further explained through anatomy section,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemical staining analyses as well as database mining and gut culturomics.The Lactobacillus brevis(L.brevis)CLB3 treatment significantly improved the clinical signs and symptoms of colon cancer,alleviated colon damage,and inhibited colon carcinogenesis in mice.In addition,this treatment significantly increased gut cultivable Lactobacillus abundance,inhibited the expression and translation levels of the tumor metabolism-related solute carrier(SLC)amino acid transporter including SLC7A5 and SLC7A11,lowered circulating interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-17A(IL-17A)levels,and improved the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer proliferation factors.These findings suggest that L.brevis CLB3 can reduce amino acid transport,inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling and enhance intestinal anti-tumor immune responses,which provides a potential targeting amino acid transporter strategy for preventing colorectal cancer.
文摘Interconnected cells,Configurable Logic Blocks(CLBs),and input/output(I/O)pads are all present in every Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)structure.The interconnects are formed by the physical paths for connecting the blocks.The combinational and sequential circuits are used in the logic blocks to execute logical functions.The FPGA includes two different tests called interconnect testing and logical testing.Instead of using an additional circuitry,the Built-in-Self-Test(BIST)logic is coded into an FPGA,which is then reconfigured to perform its specific operation after the testing is completed.As a result,additional test circuits for the FPGA board are no longer required.The FPGA BIST has no area overhead or performance reduction issues like conventional BIST.A resource-efficient testing scheme is essential to assure the appropriate operation of FPGA look-up tables for effectively testing the functional operation.In this work,the Configurable Logic Blocks(CLBs)of virtex-ultrascale FPGAs are tested using a BIST with a simple architecture.To evaluate the CLBs’capabilities including distributed modes of operation of Random Access Memory(RAM),several types of configurations are created.These setups have the ability to identify 100%stuck-at failures in every CLB.This method is suitable for all phases of FPGA testing and has no overhead or performance cost.
