Calmodulin-like (CMLs) proteins are critical in calcium signaling and essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In many species, the CMLs families have been identified and described. However, the ...Calmodulin-like (CMLs) proteins are critical in calcium signaling and essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In many species, the CMLs families have been identified and described. However, the characterization and expression profiling of CMLs genes in tobacco is retrievable. In this study, a comprehensive whole-genome identification and analysis, and 75 NtCML genes were identified in tobacco, each containing two to four EF-hand domains. Most NtCML proteins exhibited conserved gene structures and motifs. Notably, most NtCML proteins were intron-less and distributed across 18 chromosomes. Two pairs of tandemly duplicated genes and seven pairs of segmentally duplicated genes were identified within the tobacco genome. Furthermore, 22 pairs of orthologous CMLs genes were discovered between Arabidopsis and tobacco. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that elements associated with hormones, stress responses, and plant growth and development were found in the promoter regions. Expression analysis indicated that some NtCML genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Specifically, NtCML12, NtCML18, NtCML27, and NtCML28 showed significant upregulation during cold acclimation treatment. These results indicate that tobacco CMLs act as Ca2+ signal transducers, regulating plant growth and abiotic stress responses.展开更多
Calcium(Ca^(2+)), a crucial second messenger in plants, is involved in diverse signaling pathways including biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of most calcium sensors including calcium-depende...Calcium(Ca^(2+)), a crucial second messenger in plants, is involved in diverse signaling pathways including biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of most calcium sensors including calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs), calmodulins(Ca Ms), calmodulinlike proteins(CMLs), and calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs) remain limited in plants, particularly in woody plants. Currently, a total of 83 CMLs and seven Ca Ms were discovered in the apple genome in this study. Functional domain analysis showed that these CMLs and Ca Ms contain a highly conserved EF-hand motif. q RT-PCR assays indicated that these CMLs were expressed ubiquitously in apple, including in the roots, stems,leaves, flowers, and fruits, and also possessed spatial specificity. Finally, most of these CMLs were induced by hormonal and abiotic stress, suggesting their potential roles in the regulation of growth, development, and the stress response in apple. In summary, our findings provide potential evidence that apple CMLs may be involved in abiotic stress and the regulation of plant growth and development.展开更多
Background: Herbal medicine is well-known among the ancient medical sciences. Healing properties have been observed in some species of Daphne plant. The effect of Daphne plant extract on the K562 cell line has been pr...Background: Herbal medicine is well-known among the ancient medical sciences. Healing properties have been observed in some species of Daphne plant. The effect of Daphne plant extract on the K562 cell line has been previously studied, and Gleevec is a well-known and effective medicine for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Material and Methods: In this study, the simultaneous effects of using herbal medicine and a target therapy medicine on the K562 cell line were investigated. The presence of some species of Daphne in Iran motivated us to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Daphne mucronata on human leukemia cancer cells. The antiproliferative activity of the dichloromethane extract of Daphne mucronate (Thymelaeaceae), a new anticancer medicinal plant, was evaluated. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic changes in the cell membrane were examined using flow cytometry. Changes in Bax and Bcl2 gene expression were investigated using real-time PCR. The MIC and the IC50 of the crude extract were calculated, and the MIC and IC50 of the Daphne extract in combination of imatinib were tested in the K-562 cell line. Results: K-562 cells responded to the extract treatments in a dose-dependent manner, and the increase in the expression of Bcl2 and decrease in the expression of the Bax gene intensified with increasing extract concentration. Flow cytometry revealed that most of the cells underwent necrosis. Conclusion: Daphne extract effectively decreased the viability of the K562 cell line. The necrotic effect of the Daphne extract was evaluated, and an increase in the gene expression of Bcl2 was observed in cells exposed to the Daphne extract. The combination of Daphne extracts with imatinib enhances the cytotoxic effect of imatinib.展开更多
基金College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University(4412200577).
文摘Calmodulin-like (CMLs) proteins are critical in calcium signaling and essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In many species, the CMLs families have been identified and described. However, the characterization and expression profiling of CMLs genes in tobacco is retrievable. In this study, a comprehensive whole-genome identification and analysis, and 75 NtCML genes were identified in tobacco, each containing two to four EF-hand domains. Most NtCML proteins exhibited conserved gene structures and motifs. Notably, most NtCML proteins were intron-less and distributed across 18 chromosomes. Two pairs of tandemly duplicated genes and seven pairs of segmentally duplicated genes were identified within the tobacco genome. Furthermore, 22 pairs of orthologous CMLs genes were discovered between Arabidopsis and tobacco. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that elements associated with hormones, stress responses, and plant growth and development were found in the promoter regions. Expression analysis indicated that some NtCML genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Specifically, NtCML12, NtCML18, NtCML27, and NtCML28 showed significant upregulation during cold acclimation treatment. These results indicate that tobacco CMLs act as Ca2+ signal transducers, regulating plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
基金grants from NSFC(31601728,31272142)Shandong Province(ZR2016CQ13,SDAIT-06-03)+1 种基金Young Scientists Funds of Shandong Agricultural University(564024)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Shandong Agricultural University(24024)
文摘Calcium(Ca^(2+)), a crucial second messenger in plants, is involved in diverse signaling pathways including biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of most calcium sensors including calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs), calmodulins(Ca Ms), calmodulinlike proteins(CMLs), and calcineurin B-like proteins(CBLs) remain limited in plants, particularly in woody plants. Currently, a total of 83 CMLs and seven Ca Ms were discovered in the apple genome in this study. Functional domain analysis showed that these CMLs and Ca Ms contain a highly conserved EF-hand motif. q RT-PCR assays indicated that these CMLs were expressed ubiquitously in apple, including in the roots, stems,leaves, flowers, and fruits, and also possessed spatial specificity. Finally, most of these CMLs were induced by hormonal and abiotic stress, suggesting their potential roles in the regulation of growth, development, and the stress response in apple. In summary, our findings provide potential evidence that apple CMLs may be involved in abiotic stress and the regulation of plant growth and development.
文摘Background: Herbal medicine is well-known among the ancient medical sciences. Healing properties have been observed in some species of Daphne plant. The effect of Daphne plant extract on the K562 cell line has been previously studied, and Gleevec is a well-known and effective medicine for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Material and Methods: In this study, the simultaneous effects of using herbal medicine and a target therapy medicine on the K562 cell line were investigated. The presence of some species of Daphne in Iran motivated us to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Daphne mucronata on human leukemia cancer cells. The antiproliferative activity of the dichloromethane extract of Daphne mucronate (Thymelaeaceae), a new anticancer medicinal plant, was evaluated. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic changes in the cell membrane were examined using flow cytometry. Changes in Bax and Bcl2 gene expression were investigated using real-time PCR. The MIC and the IC50 of the crude extract were calculated, and the MIC and IC50 of the Daphne extract in combination of imatinib were tested in the K-562 cell line. Results: K-562 cells responded to the extract treatments in a dose-dependent manner, and the increase in the expression of Bcl2 and decrease in the expression of the Bax gene intensified with increasing extract concentration. Flow cytometry revealed that most of the cells underwent necrosis. Conclusion: Daphne extract effectively decreased the viability of the K562 cell line. The necrotic effect of the Daphne extract was evaluated, and an increase in the gene expression of Bcl2 was observed in cells exposed to the Daphne extract. The combination of Daphne extracts with imatinib enhances the cytotoxic effect of imatinib.
