Research Progress on the Preparation of Inorganic/Natural Materials Composite Microspheres

Microspheres are a new type of drug carrier with great potential for development and application.Natural polymers have good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and are easily dispersed in living organisms,making them suitable for preparing microspheres.Inorganic materials(mainly inorganic minerals)have excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive and easy to obtain.Through the coupling and hybridization of natural polymers and inorganic materials,they can complement each other's advantages and synergistically enhance efficiency,resulting in many excellent physical and chemical properties.Inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres can be prepared by modifying natural polymers with inorganic materials through various methods such as emulsification crosslinking,solution mixing,in-situ synthesis,extrusion,etc.The application of inorganic materials/natural polymer composite microspheres in drug delivery systems has significant sustained-release effects,is safe and non-toxic,and the cost of carrier materials is relatively low,which has certain significance for the development of new drug carriers.This article reviews the recent research on the preparation,drug loading and release properties of inorganic material/natural polymer composite microspheres,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used preparation methods,and looks forward to the development direction of composite microspheres.

Preparation of Dysprosium Ferrite/Polyacrylamide Magnetic Composite Microsphere and Its Characterization

Using the technique of microemulsion polymerization with nano-reactor, dysprosium ferrite/polyacrylamide magnetic composite microsphere was prepared by one-step method in a single inverse microemulsion. The structure, average particle size, morphology of composite microsphere were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM and TGA. The magnetic responsibility of composite microsphere was also investigated. The results indicate that the magnetic composite microsphere possess high magnetic responsibility and suspension stability.

Hollow Carbon Microspheres/MnO_2 Nanosheets Composites:Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Behaviors

This article reported the electrochemical behaviors of a novel hollow carbon microspheres/manganese dioxide nanosheets(micro-HC/nano-MnO2) composite prepared by an in situ self-limiting deposition method under hydrothermal condition. The results of scanning electron microscopy reveal that MnO2 nanosheets homogeneously grow onto the surface of micro-HC to form a loose-packed microstructure. The quantity of MnO2 required in the electrode layer has thereby been reduced significantly, and higher specific capacitances have been achieved. The micro-HC/nano-MnO2 electrode presents a high capacitance of 239.0 F g-1 at a current density of 5 m A cm-2, which is a strong promise for high-rate electrochemical capacitive energy storage applications.

A dandelion-like carbon microsphere/MnO_2 nanosheets composite for supercapacitors

This article reported the electrochemical performance of a novel cabon microsphere/MnO2nanosheets(CMS/MnO2) composite prepared by a in situ self-limiting deposition method under hydrothermal condition. The results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) revealed that MnO2nanosheets homogeneously grew onto the surface of CMS to form a loose-packed and dandelion-like core/shell microstructure. The unique microstructure plays a basic role in electrochemical accessibility of electrolyte to MnO2active material and a fast diffusion rate within the redox phase. The results of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectrometry indicated that the prepared CMS/MnO2composite presented high capacitance of 181 F g-1and long cycle life of 61% capacity retention after 2000 charge/discharge cycles in 1 mol/L Na2SO4solution, which show strong promise for high-rate electrochemical capacitive energy storage applications.

Research on properties of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin composites applied in deep rock in-situ temperature-preserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are in a high-temperature environment.However,the traditional deep rock coring method has no temperature preserved measures and ignores the effect of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,which will lead to the distortion of the petroleum resources reserves assessment.Therefore,the hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin(HGM/EP)composites were innovatively proposed as temperature preserved materials for in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring),and the physical,mechanical,and temperature preserved properties were evaluated.The results indicated that:As the HGM content increased,the density and mechanical properties of the composites gradually decreased,while the water absorption was deficient without hydrostatic pressure.For composites with 50 vol%HGM,when the hydrostatic pressure reached 60 MPa,the water absorption was above 30.19%,and the physical and mechanical properties of composites were weakened.When the hydrostatic pressure was lower than 40 MPa,the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of composites were almost unchanged.Therefore,the composites with 50 vol%HGM can be used for ITPCoring operations in deep environments with the highest hydrostatic pressure of 40 MPa.Finally,to further understand the temperature preserved performance of composites in practical applications,the temperature preserved properties were measured.An unsteady-state heat transfer model was established based on the test results,then the theoretical change of the core temperature during the coring process was obtained.The above tests results can provide a research basis for deep rock in-situ temperature preserved corer and support accurate assessment of deep petroleum reserves.

Determination of Triclocarban, Triclosan and Methyl-Triclosan in Environmental Water by Silicon Dioxide/Polystyrene Composite Microspheres Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with HPLC-ESI-MS

This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate and acidity of water sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng/L, 2.5 and 4.5 ng/L for TCC, TCS, and MTCS, respectively. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 5-2000 ng/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) >.99. The spiked recoveries of TCC, TCS and MTCS in water sampleswereachieved in the range of 89.5% -96.8% with RSD below 5.7%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.

Preparation and Properties of Guiqi Polysaccharides/Chitosan/Alginate Composite Hydrogel Microspheres

A series of the Guiqi polysaccharides/chitosan/alginate composite hydrogel microspheres(GPcM)with different particle sizes were prepared with Guiqi polysaccharides(GP),chitosan(CS)and sodium alginate(Alg).The optimum preparation process was also determined by single factor and orthogonal experiment analysis.The GPcM were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),drug loading efficiency test(LE),encapsulation efficiency test(EE)and in vitro release study.The results showed that the Guiqi polysaccharides chitosan hydrogel(GPCH)and sodium alginate hydrogel(SAH)formed a crossover system in GPcM.The GPcM have a uniform particle size ranging from 395.1μm to 841.5μm.The drug loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency of the GPcM were 56.3%and 72.6%,respectively.The bovine serum albumin(BSA)loaded in the GPcM released slowly within 180 h.The results suggested that the GPcM may have potential application value in drug sustained and controlled release system.

UV-Vis and Surface Photovoltage Spectra of Fe_2O_3/Polystyrene Composite Microspheres

Fe_2O_3 sol with the particle diameter of 3-5 nm was flocculated by the addition of SDS, and the flocculate formed was redispersed by the further addition of that surfactant. Thus the surfactant bilayer was formed on the surface of Fe_2O_3. The emulsion polymerization of styrene(St) adsolubilized on the surfactant adsorbed bilayer was carried out by initiator potassium persulfate(KPS). The UV-Vis and surface photovoltage spectra(SPS) indicate that the Fe_2O_3 particles were encapsulated in polystyrene(PSt) successfully.

Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microspheres Incorporated PLLA/PLGA/PCL Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The combination of micro-carriers and polymer scaffolds as promising bone grafts have attracted considerable interest in recent decades.The poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone(PLLA/PLGA/PCL)composite scaffold with porous structure was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Dexamethasone(DEX)was incorporated into PLGA microspheres and then loaded on the PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffoldtopreparethedesiredcompositescaffold.The physicochemical properties of the prepared composite scaffold were characterized.The morphology of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)grown on scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and fluorescence microscope.The resultsshowedthatthePLLA/PLGA/PCLscaffoldhad interconnected macropores and biomimetic nanofibrous structure.In addition,DEX can be released from scaffold in a sustained manner.More importantly,DEX loaded composite scaffold can effectively support the proliferation of BMSCs as indicated by fluorescence observation and cell proliferation assay.The results suggested that the prepared PLLA/PLGA/PCL composite scaffold incorporating drug-loaded PLGA microspheres could hold great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Crystal phase control and ignition properties of HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres prepared by microfluidics combined with emulsification techniques

Improved controllability and energy density of ignition agents are of great significance for the devel-opment of energetic composite materials.In this study,droplet microfluidics and emulsification tech-niques were combined to prepare HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres with polyglycidyl azide polymer(GAP)as the binder.The influence of binder content on the morphology of microspheres was investi-gated,and the microspheres were characterized and tested for particle size,crystal structure,thermal decomposition,dispersibility,mechanical sensitivity,combustion behavior and detonation performance.The results showed that microspheres prepared with a binder content of 3%had higher sphericity and particle size uniformity.The microspheres retained the crystal structure of both HNS and CL-20(ε-type).Compared with raw HNS,the microspheres had higher apparent activation energy,better safety per-formance,and good dispersibility.The ignition experiments and detonation performance tests show that HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres have excellent ignition performance,obvious combustion flame,and significant energy release effects,which are expected to achieve high energy and high-speed response of the igniter,thus improving the ignition reliability in special environments or systems.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical NiO/NiFe_(2)O_(4) microsphere composite as efficient visible photocatalyst for 2,4-DCP degradation

It is highly desired to develop efficient photocatalysts with recycling property for practical application to degrade toxic pollutants.Herein,nanosheet-assembled NiFe_(2)O_(4)microspheres with commendable activity are successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction with NH4F as the modifier,and their photoactivities are further improved by coupling with NiO through an in situ growth process.The optimized nickel oxide(NiO)/nickel ferrite(NiFe_(2)O_(4))microsphere composite(5NiO/NFO-4)exhibits a satisfactory photocatalytic activity for 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)degradation under visible-light irradiation,which is attributed to its wide visible-light response,well-designed hierarchical structure and enhanced charge transfer and separation by coupling NiO as a high-level energy platform to accept electrons.Moreover,it is found that the NiO/NiFe_(2)O_(4)microsphere photocatalysts can be easily collected and recycled owing to the distinctive magnetic properties.This work provides a feasible route to rational design visible-light-driven photocatalysts with high-activity for environmental remediation and purification with good recyclability.

Design and Fabrication of Superparamaganitic Hybrid Microspheres for Protein Immobilization

Superparamagnetic poly（styrene）-co-poly（2-acrylanmido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid） （PSt-co-PAMPS） and poly（methylmethacrylate）-co-poly（glycidyl methacrylate） （PMMA-co-PGMA） microspheres with mean size of 170 nm were prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The structures, morphologies, diameter and diameter distribution of the as-prepared microspheres were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The saturation magnetizations of PSt-co-PAMPS and PMMA-co-PGMA microspheres are 21.94 and 25.07 emu/g, respectively. The as-synthesized magnetic microspheres were used for immobilization of Bovine serum albumin （BSA） by physical interaction and covalent interaction respectively. The equilibrium amount of BSA immobilized onto PMMA-co-PGMA microspheres was 86.48 mg/g microspheres in 90 min, while on PSt-co-PAMPS microspheres was 59.62 mg/g microspheres in 120 min.

Chondroitin Sulfate Fluorescence Biosensor Based on Graphere Quantum Dots Aggregating on CMC/CS Polyelectrolyte Microspheres

Here, we report an efficient fluorescence biosensor for chondroitin sulfate（CHS） based on polyelectrolyte microspheres of carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC） and chitosan（CS） composites inducing the aggregation of graphene quantum dots（GQDs）, calling CMC/CS-GQDs. The polyelectrolyte microspheres（CMC/CS microspheres） were fabricated by using anioniccationic electrostatic attraction between CMC and CS by high voltage electrostatic spray technology. The aggregating process of GQDs was based on the anionic-cationic electrostatic attraction as well. After combing with the polyelectrolyte microspheres, the fluorescence of GQDs disappeared. CHS, which widely consists in the cell surface of human beings and animals, carries a large number of negative charges on the surface. The addition of CHS enabled CHS and GQDs to compete with each other to composite with the CMC/CS microshpheres. As a result of the higher surface charge density of CHS, CMC/CS-CHS formed accompanied by the release of GQDs, and the fluorescence of the system recovered. The CHS content was detected by analyzing the system＇s fluorescence recovery, which suggested that the obtained fluorescence biosensor can accurately detect the concentration of CHS. The test results showed that the linear range of the fluorescence recovery for this biosensor with respect to CHS was 0~12.00 mg/mL, and the detection limit was 10-8 M. Besides, to test the stability of the biosensor, the CMC/CS-GQDs micropsheres persisted for one month, with a low fluorescence quenching of 9.48%. These results suggested that CMC/CS-GQDs can be utilized as efficient fluorescence biosensor for the detection of CHS. Moreover, the detection method was simple and efficient, and could be widely popularized.

喷雾-反溶剂结晶法制备掺杂铝粉的复合微球

纳米铝粉作为高能添加剂广泛应用于含能复合材料领域。然而,制备高球形度铝粉掺杂的复合微球却面临着一系列挑战。采用喷雾与反溶剂结晶相结合的方法,探索了一种制备纳米铝粉与有机分子形成复合功能微球的喷射-结晶途径。通过自主设计的内混三流式空气雾化喷嘴,将前驱液雾化成液滴,反溶剂接收浴接收后,溶剂与反溶剂发生快速的相互扩散和传质过程,含能分子模拟物蔗糖八乙酸酯(SOA)在液滴内部析出,将铝粉包裹在内,洗涤干燥后得到铝粉掺杂的复合微球。通过调控合适的雾化、溶剂与反溶剂、添加剂等条件,成功解决了干燥后复合微球球形度低、微球之间相互团聚等现象,最终制备出粒径分布窄、形貌均一、分散性较好、球形度和密实度较高的掺杂铝粉的微球复合材料。

rGO/CdS@HAP复合微球的光催化活性增强机理

为提升CdS基复合材料的光催化活性和稳定性,运用水热法在CdS@HAP(羟基磷灰石)微球表面包覆rGO(还原氧化石墨烯)并制备rGO/CdS@HAP光催化材料,利用XRD(X射线衍射)、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、UV-vis(紫外-可见吸收光谱)等手段分析材料的晶体结构和理化性质,结合MB(亚甲基蓝)的光催化降解实验探讨rGO/CdS@HAP的光催化活性增强机理。结果表明:rGO/CdS@HAP具有中空微球结构,直径4—5μm,rGO以薄纱状均匀包裹在CdS@HAP表面;rGO/CdS@HAP具有优异的可见光吸收能力,在可见光辐射120 min后对MB的去除率高达94%,在光催化循环实验中表现出优异的光催化活性和稳定性。机理分析证实,由CdS和HAP构建的Ⅰ型异质结带隙较窄,有助于提升复合材料对可见光的吸收和利用,rGO在CdS@HAP表面的包覆提升载流子分离效率的同时为光生空穴提供高速的传输路径,有效抑制CdS的光腐蚀,从而实现rGO/CdS@HAP光催化活性和稳定性的显著增强。

基于SiO_(2)@CA微球的非晶结构色涂层的制备及光学性能

目的制备基于SiO_(2)@CA微球的非晶结构色涂层,并得到调控结构色颜色的方法,作为功能包装或智能包装的潜在应用。方法将咖啡酸(CA)与SiO_(2)微球在CuCl_(2)和NaBO_(3)·4H_(2)O的催化下产生活性氧(ROS),使CA迅速氧化为具有强黏附性的聚咖啡酸(PCA)包覆SiO_(2)微球,即SiO_(2)@CA复合微球,然后将该复合微球与无水乙醇组成的悬浮液喷涂于亲水化的玻璃基片表面,从而制得非晶结构色涂层。采用FT-IR、XPS、TGA、SEM等对SiO_(2)@CA复合微球及其结构色涂层进行表征,研究CA含量、CuCl_(2)/CA的质量比和NaBO_(3)·4H_(2)O/CA的质量比对复合微球的形貌及结构色涂层光学性能的影响。结果在CA质量分数为5%、CuCl_(2)/CA的质量比为12∶和NaBO_(3)·4H_(2)O/CA的质量比为64∶的制备条件下可以得到适宜的SiO_(2)@CA复合微球及结构色涂层。结论采用CA可有效提高所制备非晶结构色涂层颜色的对比度,实现颜色调控。

光热响应型控释微球的可控制备及其性能

单一的光热治疗(PTT)效果有限,往往不能彻底治愈肿瘤。随着材料科学与生物医学的融合,多功能药物载体材料得到了很好的开发利用,有助于将PTT与其他治疗方法联合使用,为协同增强抗肿瘤疗效提供了有效的策略。本研究以载有吲哚菁绿(ICG)的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒子为光热剂,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)/海藻酸钠(SA)为载体基材,采用微流控技术可控制备了一种新型光热响应型控释微球(PLGAICG@PVA/SA)。系统研究了微球的形貌尺寸可控性、光热转化性能、机械性能和生物相容性,并以盐酸阿霉素(DOX)为模型药物,探讨了该微球载体对DOX的负载能力和光热响应性控释能力。结果表明,所制备的PLGAICG@PVA/SA微球具有良好的单分散性,表现出优异的光热转换效应,0.5W/cm^(2)近红外光照射15min的温度增量为18.5℃且稳定性良好;微球亦具有良好的可压缩性和弹性性能,其杨氏模量为317.0kPa。在模拟生理环境中,微球中DOX药物的释放行为符合一级释放动力学模型并具有明显的光热刺激响应性。该微球材料在药物控释及肿瘤的光热/化疗联合治疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

海藻酸钠/三元水滑石复合微球的制备及其吸附性能研究

采用水热法将十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)修饰到煅烧的MnMgFe三元水滑石上,结合海藻酸钠(SA)阳离子形成新型复合微球(SA@MFMc-S),用于吸附亚甲基蓝。该策略具有绿色环保、易回收利用、受pH值和温度影响较小的优点。利用单因素变量实验对反应条件进行优化,并拟合吸附动力学、热力学模型,初步分析了材料的吸附机理。结果表明:最佳实验条件为303 K、pH=8、固液比为0.33 g·L^(-1)、反应时间为360 min。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线,最大吸附容量为743.86 mg·g^(-1),是自发的放热反应,吸附动力学可用伪二级动力学方程描述。经SEM-EDS、BET、XRD、FTIR方法表征吸附前后的微球,发现主要参与吸附反应的官能团是羧基和羟基,同时存在苯环之间的π-π键作用力。这项研究成果为高浓度亚甲基蓝废水处理提供了一种高去除率和高吸附容量的绿色方法。

3D间隔织物/改性空心微珠复合材料吸声性能研究

将3D经编间隔织物加入到空心微珠增强聚氨酯基复合泡沫塑料中,制备出新型3D间隔织物/改性空心微珠复合材料,并对所加入微珠进行界面改性,以改善其与聚氨酯基体的界面结合及吸声性能。采用阻抗管传递函数法对4种具有不同规格的试样进行吸声系数测试,对试验结果分析可知,改性后微珠在一定程度上提升此种新型复合材料的吸声性能,改性S60微珠增强的复合材料样品吸声性能更优。此外,该复合材料在中低频率下的吸声系数要小于高频率下的吸声系数。

褶皱石墨烯微球制备与浸润性调控及其丙酮感知研究

为了增加表面粗糙度,获得超疏水复合材料,本文引入水-丙酮的二元溶剂,探究氧化石墨烯(GO)在二元溶剂中的分散与蒸发,而后通过喷雾油炸法,得到褶皱石墨烯微球(FGO),探究溶剂组分对浸润性的影响,最后将FGO与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合,制成对丙酮敏感的超疏水传感器。结果表明:在二元溶剂中,水的组分为20%时,GO在其中分散良好并且有不错的蒸发率,得到的FGO接触角为149.1°;制备的复合材料结合良好,具备150.2°的超疏水性能,同时能在丙酮浓度为0.03~0.075 mol/L时具有良好感知性能,灵敏度达到115 (mol/L)^(-1)。