BTB与CNC同源蛋白1通过调节MYC相关因子X二聚化蛋白1基因对套细胞淋巴瘤发生发展的影响

目的 探讨BTB与CNC同源蛋白1(BACH1)通过调节MYC相关因子X二聚化蛋白1(MXD1)基因对套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)发生发展的影响。方法 采用靶向剪切及转座酶技术(CUT&Tag)检测BACH1下游靶基因,并通过序列比对分析寻找BACH1与MXD1的结合位点。通过双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证BACH1对MXD1的调控作用,并采用慢病毒技术构建BACH1过表达及敲低的稳转MCL细胞株,采用蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测MXD1蛋白表达水平。应用GSE16411数据集分析MCL细胞和正常B细胞中MXD1 m RNA相对表达量。应用GSE132929及GSE21452数据集筛选MXD1共表达基因,对MXD1共表达基因进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路富集分析。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测MXD1正相关基因应激诱导磷蛋白1同源物含U-框蛋白1(STUB1)的特异性激活剂YL109处理后MCL细胞的活力。结果 BACH1能够靶向结合MXD1并抑制MXD1基因的启动子活性。BACH1敲低后MXD1蛋白表达水平升高,而BACH1过表达后MXD1蛋白表达水平降低。通过GSE16411数据集分析发现,MCL细胞中MXD1 mRNA相对表达量明显低于正常B细胞,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。在GSE132929数据集中筛选出2222个MXD1共表达基因,在GSE21452数据集中筛选出503个MXD1共表达基因。GO分析显示,MXD1共表达基因主要富集于信号转导、蛋白质磷酸化、细胞葡萄糖醛酸化、类黄酮葡萄糖醛酸化等代谢相关的生物学过程;KEGG信号通路分析显示,MXD1共表达基因主要富集于肝脏发育的代谢途径、蛋白质的消化和吸收、Janus激酶(JAK)/信号转导及转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路等。采用YL109处理MCL细胞后可显著降低细胞存活率。结论 BACH1通过结合MXD1近端启动子负向调控MXD1的表达水平,且BACH1介导的MXD1表达改变很可能通过调控代谢过程参与MCL的发生发展。

基于SKIP宏程序编程CNC无线测头在线智能检测系统设计

针对数控铣削加工精密零件尺寸精度测量时,因离线测量易产生测量误差、效率低、成本高等问题,通过赋值相关检测路径及补偿的参数,编写零件在线检测及误差补偿宏程序,开发了基于三菱M70数控系统跳过指令SKIP在线检测与误差补偿宏程序控制系统。应用结果表明:该系统在线检测重复定位精度能达到0.001~0.003 mm,能适用于精密零件数控铣削加工,具有一定的推广使用价值。

不同CNC系统中变螺距螺纹的切削技巧

通过变螺距螺纹的机理分析与不同CNC系统中变螺距螺纹切削指令的介绍,从图样分析、坐标系建立、刀具选用和程序编制等方面,讲述槽等宽牙变距螺杆与牙等宽槽变距螺杆在FANUC、SINUMERIK数控系统机床上的加工。

CNC机床丝杠热误差实时补偿设计及自动补偿试验

为了降低数控机床丝杠传动系统因热误差引起的定位误差,完成机床工作台各运行阶段的实时补偿。用非接触模式为丝杠非电机连接端安装位移检测器,以电涡流传感器时间监测丝杠端面位置数据,获得丝杠产生的总热误差,通过热补偿得到每段丝杠的热误差程度,确定每段坐标系原点发生的偏移,完成自主补偿机床丝杠热误差的效果。研究结果表明:采用分段补偿方法可以获得比其他热误差补偿模型更优的丝杠全段补偿性能。分别检测丝杠各段发生的热误差再对其实施补偿,可以根据丝杠各部位热误差程度实施补偿。

CNC投影技术在首饰设计中的应用——以演唱会文创首饰为例

文创首饰通常将相关文化与艺术设计相融合,采用独特的设计和工艺制作,近年文创首饰在首饰市场中崭露头角,发展前景广阔。CNC投影技术通过设置凸台产生图案或文字,凸台由多个反光面组成,在光线照射时,利用凸台的反光面形成所需的图案或文字。将CNC投影技术应用于首饰设计,可以有效增强首饰互动性及趣味性。本文以CNC投影技术在文创首饰设计中的应用为切入点,通过分析文创首饰和CNC投影技术在首饰领域的优势和存在的问题,并在此基础上将两者有机结合,综合研究CNC投影技术在演唱会文创首饰上的应用及设计方案。

TwinCAT CNC助力精密加工小型零部件

大型零部件的精密加工绝非易事。如何才能以微米级的精度大批量生产钟表中使用的齿轮和螺丝或者连接器接触引脚等零件?瑞士Esco和Affolter公司通过为其数控机床配备倍福的TwinCATCNC和伺服驱动技术实现了这一目标。

TwinCAT CNC助力精密加工小型零部件

开放、灵活直达核心需求大型零部件的精密加工绝非易事。如何才能以微米级的精度大批量生产钟表中使用的齿轮和螺丝或者连接器接触引脚等零件?瑞士Esco和Affolter公司通过为其数控机床配备倍福的TwinCAT CNC和伺服驱动技术实现了这一目标。

Realization Methodology of a 5-axis Spline Interpolator in an Open CNC System

By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control （NC） files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control （CNC） system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.

Modeling Method for Flexible Energy Behaviors in CNC Machining Systems

CNC machining systems are inevitably confronted with frequent changes in energy behaviors because they are widely used to perform various machining tasks. It is a challenge to understand and analyze the flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems. A method to model flexible energy behaviors in CNC machining systems based on hierarchical objected-oriented Petri net(HOONet) is proposed. The structure of the HOONet is constructed of a high-level model and detail models. The former is used to model operational states for CNC machining systems, and the latter is used to analyze the component models for operational states. The machining parameters having great impacts on energy behaviors in CNC machining systems are declared with the data dictionary in HOONet models. A case study based on a CNC lathe is presented to demonstrate the proposed modeling method. The results show that it is effective for modeling flexible energy behaviors and providing a fine-grained description to quantitatively analyze the energy consumption of CNC machining systems.

Key Technology of Embedded System Implementation for Software-based CNC System

The software-based computer numerical control（CNC） system includes three types of tasks： periodic real-time tasks, aperiodic real-time tasks, and non-real-time tasks. The tasks are characterized by concurrency, hybridization, and correlation, which make system implementation difficult. The conventional scheduling algorithm can not meet the demands of system implementation in the software-based CNC system completely. The uncertainty factors when running real-time tasks affect control performance by degrading manufacturing accuracy as a result of system resource and processor use restrictions. To address the technical difficulty of embedded system implementation, a novel fuzzy feedback scheduling algorithm based on output jitter of key real-time tasks for a software-based CNC system is proposed. Time characteristics, such as sampling jitter, input-output jitter, and non-schedulability are discussed, followed by quantification through simulations of the impact of time characteristics on manufacturing accuracy. On the basis of this research, the scheduler architecture is designed, and then the algorithm table is calculated. When the system resource changes, the key periodic real-time tasks meet their deadlines by means of dynamically adjusting the task period. The simulated results show that the machining precision rises by an order of magnitude for the proposed scheduler in resource-constrained software-based CNC systems. Moreover, unlike conventional feedback scheduling methods, the algorithm in this paper does not rely on the availability of task execution times and is easy to implement while incurring only a small overhead.

Time between failures model and failure analysis of CNC system

To provide basis for the reliability improvement design of CNC system, the failure data of a type of CNC system in one year are collected under field conditions in workshops. The distribution model parameters of time between failures are estimated by least square method and hypothesis testing is done by d-test method. It is proved that the time between failures of the CNC system follows Weibull distribution and the system has entered into the wear-out failure period. The failure positions and failure causes are analyzed further to indicate the weak subsystems of the CNC system. It can be found that servo unit, electrical system, detecting unit and power supply are principal failure positions and the main failure cause is breakage of components. The corresponding improvement measures are put forward. The paper provides a reference to reliability design and analysis of CNC system for the manufacturer and has great guidance to using and maintaining CNC system for the user.

Circular Interpolation Algorithms of 5-Axis Simultaneous CNC System

Spatial circular arc can be machined conveniently by a 5-axis NC machine tool.Based on the data sampling method,circular interpolation in two-dimensional plane is discussed briefly.The key is to solve the problem of circular center ex- pressed in the workpiece coordinate system by means of the transformation matrix.Circular interpolation in three-dimensional space is analyzed in detail.The method of undetermined coefficient is used to solve the center of the spatial circle and the method of coor- dinate transformation is used to transform the spatial circle into the XY-plane.Circular arc in three-dimensional space can be ma- chined by the positional 5-axis machining and the conical surface can be machined by the continuous 5-axis machining.The velocity control is presented to avoid the feedrate fluctuation.The interpolation algorithms are tested by a simulation example and the inter- polation algorithms are proved feasible.The algorithms are applied to the 5-axis CNC system software.

Real-time Synchronization Method Based on Dual Ring Fieldbus in CNC System

As the popularization of dual ring fieldbus, the optimized dual ring synchronization methods are still in short. The current synchronization methods are generally established in traditional industrial fieldbus, in which transmission is commonly considered in single track, the two-way transmitting cannot take full effect, and would result in unwanted idle load on equipment lines. In stamp-transferring part, the synchronizing algorithm is not properly processed to diminish the latency, so the real-time performance of entire system cannot be ensured. To support the synchronization control of stations in the CNC system, a real-time time synchronization method for dual ring fieldbus in the CNC system is designed in this paper. In this method a synchronizing message transmission scheme based on dual ring architecture and the synchronization algorithm between master and secondary stations are integrated. In the scheme, the clock models of both master and secondary stations are optimized with corresponding modules and the stamp data transmission based on the dual ring fieldbus is devised exclusively, so the transmitting efficiency improves with less idle work. In the algorithm, all the secondary stations can accomplish the consistent state with master station by updating clock discrepancy information in one communication cycle, and it takes the advantage of two-way transmitting and makes the best use of dual ring structure, so the real-time performance of the system can be promoted while retaining the precision of synchronization. To evaluate the performance, the costs of the method and errors during synchronizing are noted and analyzed based on the actual running environment in the industrial fieldbus. The results show that it reduces communication cost and ensures the smoothness of the system with low lag effects under heavy load. The proposed time synchronization method optimizes the architecture of sync message transmission in dual ring fieldbus, and improves the efficiency of time synchronization in the stations of CNC system.

CNC NON-CONTACT MEASURING SYSTEM FOR FREEFORM SURFACE

Developing CNC measuring method on the base of coordinate machine can makethe best of the hardware resource of CNC system and realize the integration of CAD/CAM/CAT. Based onthe evenly spaced parallel planes scanning, a new adaptive digitizing approach for freeform surfacenamely arc length extrapolation is put forward. By this way, the digitizing approach can be addedto the CNC system, while the system's hardware and software are not changed.

Investigation on full distribution CNC system based on SERCOS bus

A full distribution CNC system based on SERCOS bus is studied in accordance with the limitations of traditional PC-based motion card. The conventional PC-based motion control card is dispersed into several autonomous intelligent servo-control units with the function of servo driver. The autonomous intelligent servocontrol units realize the loop control of position, velocity and current. Interpolation computation is completed in PC and the computational results are transferred to every autonomous intelligent servo-control unit by high speed SERCOS bus. Software or hardware synchronization technology is used to ensure all servomotors are successive and synchronously running. The communication and synchronization technology of SERCOS are also researched and the autonomous intelligent servo-control card is developed byself. Finally, the experiment of circle contour process on a prototype system proves the feasibility.

Intelligent manufacturing system of impeller for computer numerical control(CNC) programming based on KBE

To solve the problem of advanced digital manufacturing technology in the practical application, a knowledge engineering technology was introduced into the computer numerical control(CNC) programming. The knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation and reasoning used in CNC programming were researched. The CNC programming system functional architecture of impeller parts based on knowledge based engineering(KBE) was constructed. The structural model of the general knowledge-based system(KBS) was also constructed. The KBS of CNC programming system was established through synthesizing database technology and knowledge base theory. And in the context of corporate needs, based on the knowledge-driven manufacturing platform(i.e. UG CAD/CAM), VC++6.0 and UG/Open, the KBS and UG CAD/CAM were integrated seamlessly and the intelligent CNC programming KBE system for the impeller parts was developed by integrating KBE and UG CAD/CAM system. A method to establish standard process templates was proposed, so as to develop the intelligent CNC programming system in which CNC machining process and process parameters were standardized by using this KBE system. For the impeller parts processing, the method applied in the development of the prototype system is proven to be viable, feasible and practical.

Development and Application of the NT Device Driver in CNC System

The key technology of open architecture CNC systems kernel device driver,including the interrupt mechanism, I/O subsystem, the structure of device driver and the communication between the driver and the application program, is discussed in the paper and a specific application is given at the end.

Reliability Analysis of Electrical System of CNC Machine Tool Based on Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis Method

The electrical system of CNC machine tool is very complex which involves many uncertain factors and dynamic stochastic characteristics when failure occurs.Therefore,the traditional system reliability analysis method,fault tree analysis(FTA)method,based on static logic and static failure mechanism is no longer applicable for dynamic systems reliability analysis.Dynamic fault tree(DFT)analysis method can solve this problem effectively.In this method,DFT first should be pretreated to get a simplified fault tree(FT);then the FT was modularized to get the independent static subtrees and dynamic subtrees.Binary decision diagram(BDD)analysis method was used to analyze static subtrees,while an approximation algorithm was used to deal with dynamic subtrees.When the scale of each subtree is smaller than the system scale,the analysis efficiency can be improved significantly.At last,the usefulness of this DFT analysis method was proved by applying it to analyzing the reliability of electrical system.

An Open CAM System for Dentistry on the Basis of China-made 5-axis Simultaneous Contouring CNC Machine Tool and Industrial CAM Software

China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool and domestically developed industrial computer-aided manufacture （CAM） technology were used for full crown fabrication and measurement of crown accuracy, with an attempt to establish an open CAM system for dental processing and to promote the introduction of domestic dental computer-aided design （CAD）/CAM system. Commercially available scanning equipment was used to make a basic digital tooth model after preparation of crown, and CAD software that comes with the scanning device was employed to design the crown by using domestic industrial CAM software to process the crown data in order to generate a solid model for machining purpose, and then China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool was used to complete machining of the whole crown and the internal accuracy of the crown internal was measured by using 3D-MicroCT. The results showed that China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool in combination with domestic industrial CAM technology can be used for crown making and the crown was well positioned in die. The internal accuracy was successfully measured by using 3D-MicroCT. It is concluded that an open CAM system for den-tistry on the basis of China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool and domestic industrial CAM software has been established, and development of the system will promote the introduction of domestically-produced dental CAD/CAM system.

OPEN ARCHITECTURE CNC SYSTEM HITCNC AND KEY TECHNOLOGY

Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.