Microstructures of electron beam welding joint of CNTs/Al composites

Carbon nauotube（ CNT） reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites were welded by electron beam welding and the microstructures of welded joints were investigated. The result showed that the interracial reaction happened between the CNTs and Al matrix, which resulted in producing brittle Al4 C3 compounds in electron beam welds. The extent of interfacial reaction varies gradually in the depth and width direction. The length of the reactants Al4C3 became short duo to the temperature gradient in the molten pool. The quantity and size of Al4 C3 compounds increased with the increase of beam current and the decrease of welding speed in the middle zone of weld. However, no needle-like phase Al4C3 was observed in HAZ.

球磨方式对CNTs/Al复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用湿法球磨和干法球磨两种方式制备碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)和铝的复合粉体,再使用放电等离子烧结结合热挤压的工艺制备碳纳米管增强铝基(CNTs/Al)复合材料,系统研究了制备工艺-组织结构-材料性能之间的关系。结果表明,相较于干法球磨,湿法球磨可以更好地分散碳纳米管,且显著减少对其结构的破坏;乙醇球磨介质具有冷却作用,在减少粉体冷焊的同时有助于细化Al基体晶粒,从而使复合材料获得出色的力学性能。乙醇湿法球磨6 h后烧结并热挤压的2%CNTs/Al复合材料抗拉强度达到207 MPa。

Effect of Ni content on the wear behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/SiC particles composites

In recent years,the addition of Ni has been widely acknowledged to be capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys.However,the effect of Ni on the wear behaviors of Al-Si alloys and Al matrix composites,particularly at elevated temperat-ures,remains an understudied area.In this study,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/20wt%SiC particles(SiCp)composites with varying Ni contents were prepared by using a semisolid stir casting method.The effect of Ni content on the dry sliding wear behavior of the prepared compos-ites was investigated through sliding tests at 25 and 350℃.Results indicated that theθ-Al_(2)Cu phase gradually diminished and eventually disappeared as the Ni content increased from 0wt%to 3wt%.This change was accompanied by the formation and increase inδ-Al_(3)CuNi andε-Al_(3)Ni phases in microstructures.The hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast composites improved,and the wear rates of the composites decreased from 5.29×10^(−4)to 1.94×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 25℃and from 20.2×10^(−4)to 7×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 350℃with the increase in Ni content from 0wt%to 2wt%.The enhancement in performance was due to the presence of strengthening network structures and additional Ni-containing phases in the composites.However,the wear rate of the 3Ni composite was approximately two times higher than that of the 2Ni composite due to the fracture and debonding of theε-Al_(3)Ni phase.Abrasive wear,delamination wear,and oxidation wear were the predominant wear mechanisms of the investigated composites at 25℃,whereas delamination wear and oxid-ation wear were dominant during sliding at 350℃.

Microstructure Regulation and Combustion Performance Optimization of PVDF/Al Composite Powder by Non-covalent Functionalized Graphenes

Graphene prepared by non-covalent modification of sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone)(SPG)was combined with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/Al to improve the PVDF/Al thermal conductivity while reducing the effect of the thermal resistance at the graphene-polymer interface.The regulation rule of SPG with different contents on the energy release of fluorine-containing system was studied.When the content of SPG is 4%,the peak pressure and rise rate of SPG/PVDF/Al composite powder during ignition reach the maximum of 4845.28 kPa and 8683.58 kPa/s.When the content of SPG is 5%,the PVDF/Al composite powder is completely coated by SPG,and the calorific value of the material reachs the maximum of 29.094 kJ/g.Through the design and micro-control of the composite powder,the calorific value of the material can be effectively improved,but the improvement of the mass release rate still depends on the graphene content and surface modification state.

Carbon Fiber Breakage Mechanism in Aluminum(Al)/Carbon Fibers(CFs) Composite Sheet during Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB) Process

We put forward a method of fabricating Aluminum(Al)/carbon fibers(CFs) composite sheets by the accumulative roll bonding(ARB) method. The finished Al/CFs composite sheet has CFs and pure Al sheets as sandwich and surface layers. After cross-section observation of the Al/CFs composite sheet, we found that the CFs discretely distributed within the sandwich layer. Besides, the tensile test showed that the contribution of the sandwich CFs layer to tensile strength was less than 11% compared with annealed pure Al sheet. With ex-situ observation of the CFs breakage evolution with-16%,-32%, and-45% rolling reduction during the ARB process, the plastic instability of the Al layer was found to bring shear damages to the CFs. At last, the bridging strengthening mechanism introduced by CFs was sacrificed. We provide new insight into and instruction on Al/CFs composite sheet preparation method and processing parameters.

定位夹具对CNTs/6061Al复合材料超声波焊接接头质量影响研究

采用超声波焊接制备CNTs增强铝基复合材料,针对超声波焊接定位不准,接头搭接面不贴合等问题,基于定位夹具以保证焊接过程质量,在工艺参数组合焊接能量500J,焊接压力0.45MPa,焊接振幅35μm下进行焊接试验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等对接头界面组织和成分进行了研究,并对焊接接头进行了剪切力和硬度测试。结果表明:在定位夹具下焊接的接头界面发生明显塑性且CNTs在铝基体扩散较好,接头强度显著提升,剪切力平均值达到786.55N、硬度为72HV,本研究对现有的有色金属超声波焊接制造工艺提出一种新的解决思路和方案,具有一定的工程应用价值和经济效益。

CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料微观组织、力学及导热性能

研究了CNTs的加入对Mg-9Al镁基复合材料时效行为的影响,探讨了时效处理过程中微观组织、力学性能及导热性能的演变规律。结果表明:添加的CNTs增大了基体合金中铝元素的固溶度,并在时效过程中限制晶界的迁移,在二者共同作用下,促进基体中连续β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的析出,且随着CNTs含量的增加,连续析出的比例增大;与基体呈共格关系的杆状连续析出相能够有效地阻碍位错运动,提高复合材料的力学性能,其中峰时效态0.4CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、热扩散系数和热导率分别为275 MPa,369 MPa,34.5 mm^(2)/s和68.4 W/(m·K),相较于时效前Mg-9Al合金分别提升了17%,23%,43%和45%。

Fabrication and characterization of GNPs and CNTs reinforced Al7075 matrix composites through the stir casting process

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates(GNPs)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites.By increasing the volume fraction of rein-forcements,the fraction of porosity increased.The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from(002)to(111).Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix.Between the two reinforcements,the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities.Through the addition of 0.52vol%GNPs into the matrix,the hardness,ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%,32%,and 180%,respectively.Meanwhile,the presence of 0.71vol%CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness,tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%,129%,and 260%,respectively.

Optimization of Process Parameters for in High-Energy Ball Milling of CNTs/Al2024 Composites Through Response Surface Methodology

The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are milling time,rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs and ball to powder ratio on UST and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites are investigated. Based on the central composite design( CCD),a quadratic model is developed to correlate the fabrication variables to the UST and hardness. From the analysis of variance( ANOVA),the most influential factor on each experimental design response is identified. The optimum conditions for preparing CNTs / Al2024 composites are found as follows: 1. 53 h milling time,900 r / min rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs 2. 87% and Ball to powder ratio 25 ∶ 1. The predicted maximum UST and hardness are 273.30 MPa and 261.36 HV,respectively. And the experimental values are 283.25 MPa and256.8 HV,respectively. It is indicated that the predicted UST and hardness after process optimization are found to agree satisfactory with the experimental values.

Buckling analysis of shear deformable composite conical shells reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading on the two-parameter elastic foundation

The main objective of this study is to investigate the buckling analysis of CCSs reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading of hydrostatic pressure and axial compression resting on the twoparameter elastic foundation(T-P-EF).It is one of the first attempts to derive the governing equations of the CCSs reinforced with CNTs,based on a generalized first-order shear deformation shell theory(FSDST)which includes shell-foundation interaction.By adopting the extended mixing rule,the effective material properties of CCSs reinforced by CNTs with linear distributions are approximated by introducing some efficiency parameters.Three carbon nanotube distribution in the matrix,i.e.uniform distribution(U)and V and X-types linear distribution are taken into account.The stability equations are solved by using the Galerkin procedure to determine the combined buckling loads(CBLs)of the structure selected here.The numerical illustrations cover CBLs characteristics of CCSs reinforced by CNTs in the presence of the T-P-EF.Finally,a parametric study is carried out to study the influences of the foundation parameters,the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and the types of reinforcement on the CBLs.

T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的耐磨性能研究

采用熔融铸造法制备了12vol%CNTs(碳纳米管)/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料,再对该复合材料进行T6热处理。利用MG-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了热处理前后CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的干滑动摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明:CNTs对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金有细晶强化作用,提高了合金的硬度,固溶处理消除了铸造复合材料中的第二相偏析,并且在时效处理之后MgZn2强化相的析出大幅度提升了材料的性能。在40 N的载荷和200 r/min转速时,T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数分别为0.0489 g/mm和0.281,与铸造复合材料相比,材料的磨损率和摩擦系数分别降低64.79%和28.47%。这是由于热处理之后试样的强度和硬度增大,从而有效改善了材料的耐磨性能。未热处理的复合材料主要存在黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,而热处理之后复合材料的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损。

CNTs@S composite as cathode for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries with ultralong cycle life

The main challenges in development of traditional liquid lithium-sulfur batteries are the shuttle effect at the cathode caused by the polysulfide and the safety concern at the Li metal anode arose from the dendrite formation.All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries have been proposed to solve the shuttle effect and prevent short circuits.However,solid-solid contacts between the electrodes and the electrolyte increase the interface resistance and stress/strain,which could result in the limited electrochemical performances.In this work,the cathode of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries is prepared by depositing sulfur on the surface of the carbon nanotubes(CNTs@S)and further mixing with Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte and acetylene black agents.At 60℃,CNTs@S electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance,delivering the reversible discharge capacities of 1193.3,959.5,813.1,569.6 and 395.5 mAhg^-1 at the rate of 0.1,0.5,1,2 and 5 C,respectively.Moreover,the CNTs@S is able to demonstrate superior high-rate capability of 660.3 mAhg^-1 and cycling stability of 400 cycles at a high rate of 1.0 C.Such uniform distribution of the CNTs,S and Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte increase the electronic and ionic conductivity between the cathode and the electrolyte hence improves the rate performance and capacity retention.

双模CNT/Al复合材料变形过程的代表性体积单元模拟

目的研究双模CNT/Al复合材料在塑性加工过程中的微观结构演变行为。方法通过ABAQUS/Python二次开发,对双模CNT/Al复合材料代表性体积单元(RVE)进行参数化建模,并基于显式动力学求解器和欧拉-拉格朗日耦合技术,对双模CNT/Al复合材料RVE模型的单向压缩过程和挤压过程进行数值模拟分析。结果单向压缩模拟结果显示,结构心部异质区两侧的等效塑性应变较大,结构边缘基体区域的等效塑性应变相对较小;最大等效应力位于结构边角处的基体区域,而结构心部异质区的等效应力则相对较小。通过对异质区材料和形态的影响规律进行分析发现,当异质区为粗晶材料时,其变形后的形态更趋于扁平,而当异质区为细晶材料时,其变形后的形态更接近椭圆。通过挤压过程的模拟,实现了对变形过程中双模组织结构变化的分析,模拟结果显示,材料表面与模具贴合良好,异质区随变形的进行被不断拉长,部分异质区由于拉伸程度过大,甚至出现了分离的情况。结论提出的模拟方法为双模CNT/Al复合材料的挤压变形工艺设计和变形后组织结构预测提供了有效手段。

CNTs/Cu层状复合材料的制备及其组织和性能研究

采用扩散结合法将分散后的碳纳米管附着在铜箔表面,经裁剪、堆叠和预压后使用真空热压烧结炉进行烧结,制备出具有优良导电性的CNTs/Cu层状复合材料。使用SEM、EDS和XRD等对样品的微观形貌和成分进行表征,使用显微硬度计和导电率检测仪等对样品性能进行测试。结果表明:在热压烧结过程中,一定量铜扩散到CNTs层中,有效改善了碳纳米管层和铜层的结合能力。相比于纯铜,CNTs/Cu层状复合材料在硬度提高45%的同时,在平行于碳纳米管层方向导电率达到91%IACS,而垂直于碳纳米管层方向也仍具有80.6%IACS的导电率。

烧结温度对CNTs/Cu复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用电泳沉积法在铜箔上沉积碳纳米管,层层堆叠后在不同烧结温度(550,650,750,850,950℃)下热压烧结制备碳纳米管增强铜基(CNTs/Cu)复合材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,复合材料中孔隙的数量减少,尺寸减小,碳纳米管分布均匀性增大,铜晶粒尺寸增大,退火孪晶晶粒尺寸增大但数量减少;随着烧结温度升高,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度均呈先减小后增大的趋势,断后伸长率变化呈非单调性变化;当烧结温度为650℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度适中,断后伸长率最大,综合力学性能最好。

挤压铸造(SiC_(w)+CNTs)/2024Al复合材料高温摩擦磨损性能

铝基复合材料因具有低密度、高硬度、高强度以及耐磨损等特点,是制备轻量化制动零部件的理想材料。本研究采用挤压铸造法和热挤压工艺制备了具有优异耐磨性的(SiC_(w)+CNTs)/2024Al复合材料。利用干滑动摩擦磨损实验研究了复合材料在高温条件(200℃)不同载荷(5~20N)下的耐磨性。研究表明,相较于2024Al,复合材料在高温低载荷条件下具有高且稳定的摩擦系数以及低的磨损率,而在高载荷条件下,其摩擦系数显著降低且出现明显的波动。通过增加载荷使得SiC_(w)和CNTs被拔出,CNTs自润滑能力及硬质SiC_(w)的表面强化作用得到充分发挥,大幅度降低了材料的摩擦系数。高温下2024Al被软化,发生粘着磨损,而复合材料中混杂增强体的存在有效提高了材料的高温耐磨性。

CNTs/Al复合材料变形和损伤行为数值模拟研究进展

CNTs(carbon nanotubes)/Al复合材料在塑性变形过程中CNTs和铝基体的力学响应复杂且存在相互影响,系统、深入地揭示微观组织损伤的产生和发展机制及其对宏观力学性能的影响规律十分困难。对复合材料的变形过程进行数值模拟,可以经济、高效地研究各种微观组织和外部因素对力学性能的影响,从而实现对损伤行为的准确预测。首先介绍了目前得到广泛应用的连续损伤模型和内聚力损伤模型,二者分别适用于描述不同条件下复合材料的变形和损伤行为;随后介绍了适合多尺度建模的代表性体积元模型,其适用于研究不同尺度下的组织结构特征对变形和损伤的影响。

CNTs@TiO_(2)及热挤压对Al7075复合材料磨损性能的影响

用熔铸法制备了Al7075-1%(质量分数)CNTs@TiO_(2)复合材料,通过热挤压工艺对复合材料进行塑性变形。结果表明:CNTs@Ti O_(2)的加入有效地改善了Al7075合金的显微组织,铸态Al7075-CNTs@Ti O_(2)复合材料在经过热挤压变形后,其α-Al和二次相进一步细化。挤压态Al7075-CNTs@Ti O_(2)复合材料的平均显微硬度为178.2HV,与基体合金相比提高了45.6%。挤压态复合材料的磨损率和平均摩擦因数分别为24.3×10^(-3)mm^(3)/m和0.334,相比于基体(68.6×10^(-3)mm^(3)/m和0.401)分别降低了43.2%和16.7%。挤压态复合材料磨损表面的轮廓高度差为22.24μm,相比于基体(52.88μm)下降了57.9%。从磨损机制上看,铸态Al7075合金主要呈现出剥层磨损特征,而挤压态复合材料则主要表现为磨粒磨损。

Effect of HEA/Al composite interlayer on microstructure and mechanical property of Ti/Mg bimetal composite by solid-liquid compound casting

In this study,HEA/AI composite interlayer was used to fabricate Ti/Mg bimetal composites by solidliquid compound casting process.The Al layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by hot dipping,and the FeCoNiCr HEA layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering onto the Al layer.The influence of the HEA layer thickness and pouring temperature on interface evolution was investigated based on SEM observation and thermodynamic analysis.Results indicate that the sluggish diffusion effect of HEA can effectively inhibit the interfacial diffusion between Al and Mg,which is conducive to the formation of solid solution,especially when the thickness of HEA is 800 nm.With the increase of casting temperature from 720 ℃ to 730 ℃,740℃,and 750 ℃,α-Al(Mg),α-Al(Mg)+Al3Mg2,Al3Mg2+Al12Mg17,and Al12Mg17+δ-Mg are formed at the interface of Ti/Mg bimetal,respectively.When the thickness of the HEA layer is 800 nm and the pouring temperature is 720 ℃,the bonding strength of the Ti/Mg bimetal can reach the maximum of 93.6 MPa.

原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到CuAl_(2)O_(3)粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes,CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。