T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的耐磨性能研究

采用熔融铸造法制备了12vol%CNTs(碳纳米管)/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料,再对该复合材料进行T6热处理。利用MG-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了热处理前后CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的干滑动摩擦磨损性能。试验结果表明:CNTs对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金有细晶强化作用,提高了合金的硬度,固溶处理消除了铸造复合材料中的第二相偏析,并且在时效处理之后MgZn2强化相的析出大幅度提升了材料的性能。在40 N的载荷和200 r/min转速时,T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的磨损率和摩擦系数分别为0.0489 g/mm和0.281,与铸造复合材料相比,材料的磨损率和摩擦系数分别降低64.79%和28.47%。这是由于热处理之后试样的强度和硬度增大,从而有效改善了材料的耐磨性能。未热处理的复合材料主要存在黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,而热处理之后复合材料的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损。

Deformation behaviors and processing maps of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).

球磨方式对CNTs/Al复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用湿法球磨和干法球磨两种方式制备碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)和铝的复合粉体,再使用放电等离子烧结结合热挤压的工艺制备碳纳米管增强铝基(CNTs/Al)复合材料,系统研究了制备工艺-组织结构-材料性能之间的关系。结果表明,相较于干法球磨,湿法球磨可以更好地分散碳纳米管,且显著减少对其结构的破坏;乙醇球磨介质具有冷却作用,在减少粉体冷焊的同时有助于细化Al基体晶粒,从而使复合材料获得出色的力学性能。乙醇湿法球磨6 h后烧结并热挤压的2%CNTs/Al复合材料抗拉强度达到207 MPa。

CNTs/Cu层状复合材料的制备及其组织和性能研究

采用扩散结合法将分散后的碳纳米管附着在铜箔表面,经裁剪、堆叠和预压后使用真空热压烧结炉进行烧结,制备出具有优良导电性的CNTs/Cu层状复合材料。使用SEM、EDS和XRD等对样品的微观形貌和成分进行表征,使用显微硬度计和导电率检测仪等对样品性能进行测试。结果表明:在热压烧结过程中,一定量铜扩散到CNTs层中,有效改善了碳纳米管层和铜层的结合能力。相比于纯铜,CNTs/Cu层状复合材料在硬度提高45%的同时,在平行于碳纳米管层方向导电率达到91%IACS,而垂直于碳纳米管层方向也仍具有80.6%IACS的导电率。

烧结温度对CNTs/Cu复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用电泳沉积法在铜箔上沉积碳纳米管,层层堆叠后在不同烧结温度(550,650,750,850,950℃)下热压烧结制备碳纳米管增强铜基(CNTs/Cu)复合材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,复合材料中孔隙的数量减少,尺寸减小,碳纳米管分布均匀性增大,铜晶粒尺寸增大,退火孪晶晶粒尺寸增大但数量减少;随着烧结温度升高,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度均呈先减小后增大的趋势,断后伸长率变化呈非单调性变化;当烧结温度为650℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度适中,断后伸长率最大,综合力学性能最好。

CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs催化剂的制备及其降解抗生素性能研究

采用水热法合成了CeO_(2)、CeO_(2)/BiOBr、CeO_(2)/CNTs和CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs复合纳米材料催化剂,利用XRD、SEM、BET和UV-Vis等方法对材料的结构、形貌和织构特性进行表征。在长弧氙灯照射下模拟太阳可见光降解抗生素,研究复合纳米材料的光催化氧化性能。结果表明,CeO_(2)与BiOBr、CNTs间的协同作用导致其对土霉素降解效果优于CeO_(2);CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs对抗生素和可见光具有更高的吸收性能,比CeO_(2)/BiOBr和CeO_(2)/CNTs有更高的降解效率。在弱碱性环境下生成活性基团·OH,复合材料催化效果较好。复合材料禁带宽度都在可见光范围内,CeO_(2)的复合提高了材料的光利用效率,增强了材料的吸附性和电子-空穴对的迁移效率,进而提高其光催化活性。回收脱附实验表明,CeO_(2)/BiOBr/CNTs复合材料具有较好的稳定性。

定位夹具对CNTs/6061Al复合材料超声波焊接接头质量影响研究

采用超声波焊接制备CNTs增强铝基复合材料,针对超声波焊接定位不准,接头搭接面不贴合等问题,基于定位夹具以保证焊接过程质量,在工艺参数组合焊接能量500J,焊接压力0.45MPa,焊接振幅35μm下进行焊接试验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等对接头界面组织和成分进行了研究,并对焊接接头进行了剪切力和硬度测试。结果表明:在定位夹具下焊接的接头界面发生明显塑性且CNTs在铝基体扩散较好,接头强度显著提升,剪切力平均值达到786.55N、硬度为72HV,本研究对现有的有色金属超声波焊接制造工艺提出一种新的解决思路和方案,具有一定的工程应用价值和经济效益。

Effect of mechanical alloying time and rotation speed on evolution of CNTs/Al-2024 composite powders

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical milling followed by hot extrusion. The commercial Al-2024 alloy with 1% CNTs was milled under various ball milling conditions. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the milled powder and consolidated bulk materials were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and mechanical test. The effect of CNTs concentration and milling time on the microstructure of the CNTs/Al-2024 composites was studied. Based on the structural observation, the formation behavior of nanostructure in ball milled powder was discussed. The results show that the increment in the milling time and ration speed, for a fixed amount of CNTs, causes a reduction of the particle size of powders resulting from MM. The finest particle size was obtained after 15 h of milling. Moreover, the composite had an increase in tensile strength due to the small amount of CNTs addition.

Si/Cu3_Si@C Composite Encapsulated in CNTs Network as High Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries

Si/Cu3Si@C composites encapsulated in CNTs network(SCC-CNTs) were synthesized via the combination of ball-milling and CVD methods. SCC-CNTs consist of conductive Cu3Si, amorphous carbon layer, cross-linked CNTs, and the etched pores, which can play the synergistic effects on the improvement of electronic conductivity and Li^+ diffusion. The volume expansion of Si anode is also suppressed during the electrochemical process. The SCC-CNTs composites demonstrate a remarkably improved electrochemical performance compared with pure Si, which can deliver a discharge capacity of 2 171 mAh·g^-1 at 0.4 A·g^-1 with ICE of 85.2%, and retain 1197 mAh· g^-1 after 150 cycles. This work provides a facile approach to massively produce the high-performance Si-based anode materials for next-generation LIBs.

Optimization of Process Parameters for in High-Energy Ball Milling of CNTs/Al2024 Composites Through Response Surface Methodology

The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are milling time,rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs and ball to powder ratio on UST and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites are investigated. Based on the central composite design( CCD),a quadratic model is developed to correlate the fabrication variables to the UST and hardness. From the analysis of variance( ANOVA),the most influential factor on each experimental design response is identified. The optimum conditions for preparing CNTs / Al2024 composites are found as follows: 1. 53 h milling time,900 r / min rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs 2. 87% and Ball to powder ratio 25 ∶ 1. The predicted maximum UST and hardness are 273.30 MPa and 261.36 HV,respectively. And the experimental values are 283.25 MPa and256.8 HV,respectively. It is indicated that the predicted UST and hardness after process optimization are found to agree satisfactory with the experimental values.

Fabrication and characterization of GNPs and CNTs reinforced Al7075 matrix composites through the stir casting process

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates(GNPs)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites.By increasing the volume fraction of rein-forcements,the fraction of porosity increased.The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from(002)to(111).Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix.Between the two reinforcements,the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities.Through the addition of 0.52vol%GNPs into the matrix,the hardness,ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%,32%,and 180%,respectively.Meanwhile,the presence of 0.71vol%CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness,tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%,129%,and 260%,respectively.

Buckling analysis of shear deformable composite conical shells reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading on the two-parameter elastic foundation

The main objective of this study is to investigate the buckling analysis of CCSs reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading of hydrostatic pressure and axial compression resting on the twoparameter elastic foundation(T-P-EF).It is one of the first attempts to derive the governing equations of the CCSs reinforced with CNTs,based on a generalized first-order shear deformation shell theory(FSDST)which includes shell-foundation interaction.By adopting the extended mixing rule,the effective material properties of CCSs reinforced by CNTs with linear distributions are approximated by introducing some efficiency parameters.Three carbon nanotube distribution in the matrix,i.e.uniform distribution(U)and V and X-types linear distribution are taken into account.The stability equations are solved by using the Galerkin procedure to determine the combined buckling loads(CBLs)of the structure selected here.The numerical illustrations cover CBLs characteristics of CCSs reinforced by CNTs in the presence of the T-P-EF.Finally,a parametric study is carried out to study the influences of the foundation parameters,the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and the types of reinforcement on the CBLs.

Microstructures of electron beam welding joint of CNTs/Al composites

Carbon nauotube（ CNT） reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites were welded by electron beam welding and the microstructures of welded joints were investigated. The result showed that the interracial reaction happened between the CNTs and Al matrix, which resulted in producing brittle Al4 C3 compounds in electron beam welds. The extent of interfacial reaction varies gradually in the depth and width direction. The length of the reactants Al4C3 became short duo to the temperature gradient in the molten pool. The quantity and size of Al4 C3 compounds increased with the increase of beam current and the decrease of welding speed in the middle zone of weld. However, no needle-like phase Al4C3 was observed in HAZ.

CNTs@S composite as cathode for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries with ultralong cycle life

The main challenges in development of traditional liquid lithium-sulfur batteries are the shuttle effect at the cathode caused by the polysulfide and the safety concern at the Li metal anode arose from the dendrite formation.All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries have been proposed to solve the shuttle effect and prevent short circuits.However,solid-solid contacts between the electrodes and the electrolyte increase the interface resistance and stress/strain,which could result in the limited electrochemical performances.In this work,the cathode of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries is prepared by depositing sulfur on the surface of the carbon nanotubes(CNTs@S)and further mixing with Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte and acetylene black agents.At 60℃,CNTs@S electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance,delivering the reversible discharge capacities of 1193.3,959.5,813.1,569.6 and 395.5 mAhg^-1 at the rate of 0.1,0.5,1,2 and 5 C,respectively.Moreover,the CNTs@S is able to demonstrate superior high-rate capability of 660.3 mAhg^-1 and cycling stability of 400 cycles at a high rate of 1.0 C.Such uniform distribution of the CNTs,S and Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte increase the electronic and ionic conductivity between the cathode and the electrolyte hence improves the rate performance and capacity retention.

Properties of CNTs/MoSi2 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Molybdenum disilicide(MoSi_2) based composites with various contents of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) in vacuum under a pressure of 25 MPa.The composites obtained under a sintering temperature of 1500 °C and time of 10 min exhibited optimum mechanical properties at room temperature in terms of fracture toughness and transverse rupture strength.MoSi_2 based composite with 6.0% CNTs(volume fraction) had the highest fracture toughness,transverse rupture strength and hardness,which were improved by about 25.7%,51.5% and 24.4% respectively,as compared with pure MoSi_2.A Mo_(4.8)Si_3C_(0.6) phase was detected in CNTs/MoSi_2 composites by both X-ray diffraction(XRD) method and microstructure analysis with scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It is believed that the fine grains and well dispersed small Mo_(4.8)Si_3C_(0.6) particles had led to a higher hardness and strength of CNTs/MoSi_2 composites because of their particle pullout,crack deflection and micro-bridging effects.

CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料微观组织、力学及导热性能

研究了CNTs的加入对Mg-9Al镁基复合材料时效行为的影响,探讨了时效处理过程中微观组织、力学性能及导热性能的演变规律。结果表明:添加的CNTs增大了基体合金中铝元素的固溶度,并在时效过程中限制晶界的迁移,在二者共同作用下,促进基体中连续β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相的析出,且随着CNTs含量的增加,连续析出的比例增大;与基体呈共格关系的杆状连续析出相能够有效地阻碍位错运动,提高复合材料的力学性能,其中峰时效态0.4CNTs/Mg-9Al复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、热扩散系数和热导率分别为275 MPa,369 MPa,34.5 mm^(2)/s和68.4 W/(m·K),相较于时效前Mg-9Al合金分别提升了17%,23%,43%和45%。

挤压态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究

通过熔融铸造工艺制备了12vol%CNTs(碳纳米管)/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝基复合材料,随后对复合材料进行了热挤压变形处理。利用MG-200型销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对铸态及挤压态复合材料进行摩擦磨损测试,研究了不同载荷作用下挤压态复合材料的磨损性能演变,并且探究了挤压态材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:CNTs的加入细化了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中的α-Al晶粒并且提高了合金的力学性能。随后对复合材料进行了热挤压变形,材料的晶粒被挤碎,CNTs与第二相沿挤压方向呈流线型分布。随着外加载荷的增加,挤压态复合材料的磨损率逐渐增大,磨损形貌逐渐恶化。在40 N载荷作用时,挤压态复合材料的磨损率为0.011976 g/mm,与铸态复合材料相比磨损率降低了80.11%,此时挤压态材料的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。

T6态CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的组织及力学性能研究

本实验中在超声波振动的辅助作用下,利用熔融铸造法制备了12 vol.%含量CNTs增强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、拉伸及硬度测试研究了T6热处理对12 vol.%CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的微观组织及力学性能的影响。在470℃固溶处理3 h后,沿晶界偏析的Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2相溶入铝基体形成过饱和固溶体,因为Al 7Cu 2Fe相熔点过高,其形貌没有发生明显变化。在120℃低温时效处理24 h之后MgZn 2相逐渐析出,沉淀相以弥散分布的形式存在于基体中。T6热处理之后的复合材料的显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到了179.23 HV、398.68 MPa与5.90%,与铸态复合材料的力学性能相比分别提高了31.89%、36.29%和210.52%。复合材料经过T6热处理之后断口表面出现了许多大小和深浅不一的韧窝,表现出更好的强度和韧性。

CNTs含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的干滑动摩擦磨损的影响

通过液压和热挤压制备CNTs-Al中间纳米材料,用超声振动把中间纳米材料加入熔融铝合金铸造CNTs/Al-ZnMg-Cu铝基复合材料。对CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料进行摩擦磨损测试,研究CNTs含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金摩擦磨损性能的影响,探究其与合金显微组织和维氏硬度的关系。结果表明:CNTs的加入明显细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金基体中的α-Al晶粒,显著提高合金的维氏硬度,体积分数为12%的CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料组织和性能最佳。在载荷为30 N时,随CNTs含量增加,CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料的磨损率和摩擦因数先降低再略微升高,与基体材料相比,体积分数为12%的CNTs/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu复合材料磨损率降低了44.5%,主要磨损机制由基体材料的剥层磨损转变为复合材料的磨粒磨损。

原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到CuAl_(2)O_(3)粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes,CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。