Copy number variations (CNVs) that are frequent in genome influence on susceptibility of various diseases including cancers. The present mini-review focuses on CNVs associated with susceptibility to the cancers. Since...Copy number variations (CNVs) that are frequent in genome influence on susceptibility of various diseases including cancers. The present mini-review focuses on CNVs associated with susceptibility to the cancers. Since CNVs are different between cancer types, the analysis of the specific CNV makes it possible to estimate the susceptibility to the cancers of interest in individuals. Although it is true that available data on CNVs associated with cancer susceptibility are limited at present, accumulation of the data is accelerated with the research progression of CNVs in near future. Information on CNVs associated with cancer susceptibility is useful for not only cancer research but also personalized healthcare including cancer prevention.展开更多
拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs)是由基因组发生重排引起的,通常指长度为几千个碱基对以上的基因组片段的拷贝数增加或减少,表现为亚显微水平的缺失、重复和片段性重复等。CNVs与许多疾病相关,是导致人类出生缺陷、发育疾病和...拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs)是由基因组发生重排引起的,通常指长度为几千个碱基对以上的基因组片段的拷贝数增加或减少,表现为亚显微水平的缺失、重复和片段性重复等。CNVs与许多疾病相关,是导致人类出生缺陷、发育疾病和癌症等疾病的重要机制之一。深入了解基因组中的拷贝数变异对于更好地理解基因与疾病之间的关系、遗传-环境相互作用以及基因组变异与物种进化之间的关联具有重要意义。因此,与CNVs相关的疾病研究已经成为当前医学遗传学研究中的重要领域。对亚显微水平CNVs致病的分子机制、检测方法以及最新进展进行综述。展开更多
目的:建立可用于甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因CNVs测定的稳定可靠的检测体系。方法:利用Real timePCR方法对甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因CNVs进行测定。结果:在HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因以及内标基因lectin的定量检测实验中,其定量反应...目的:建立可用于甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因CNVs测定的稳定可靠的检测体系。方法:利用Real timePCR方法对甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因CNVs进行测定。结果:在HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因以及内标基因lectin的定量检测实验中,其定量反应的Ct值分别在25.82～25.88,29.01～29.08,15.52～15.56,19.06～19.08变化,SD分别是0.033,0.032,0.024,0.011,其CV分别是0.12%,0.22%,0.16%,0.06%。结论:所建立的Real time PCR体系重复性好,检测系统工作稳定可靠,可用于甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS基因的CNVs筛选。展开更多
目的探讨染色体核型分析、细菌人工染色体标记-微球鉴别/分离法(bacterial artificial chromosome on beads,BoBs)、基因拷贝数目变异检测(copy number variations,CNV)和Y染色体无精子症因子(azoospermia factor,AZF)微缺失联合检测在...目的探讨染色体核型分析、细菌人工染色体标记-微球鉴别/分离法(bacterial artificial chromosome on beads,BoBs)、基因拷贝数目变异检测(copy number variations,CNV)和Y染色体无精子症因子(azoospermia factor,AZF)微缺失联合检测在孕妇羊水染色体鉴定中的应用价值。方法选取2021年7月至2022年12月于皖南医学院第一附属医院(弋矶山医院)产前诊断中心就诊中符合产前诊断指征的孕妇507例,抽取孕16~25 w羊水,分别进行细胞培养染色体核型分析,提取DNA进行BoBs检测,对其中1例21-三体综合征和1例标记染色体进行CNV验证,2例Y染色体进行AZF微缺失验证,统计结果。结果507例羊水穿刺指征统计,以唐筛高风险占比最高,达39.1%(198/507);NIPT高风险组仅占总检查孕妇的14.0%(71/507),但核型分析和BoBs异常结果占比最高,分别占全部异常结果的40.3%(23/57)和47.7%(21/44)。507例羊水标本一共检出异常结果59例(11.6%),其中染色体核型分析检出异常57例(11.2%),常染色体数目异常26例(5.1%),常染色体结构异常14例(2.8%);性染色体数目异常13例(2.6%),性染色体结构异常4例(0.7%)。BoBs检出异常44例(8.7%),其中常染色体数目异常26例(5.1%),性染色体数目异常14例(2.8%),性染色体部分缺失2例(0.4%),检出46,XN,22q11重复2例(0.4%)。BoBs与核型分析结果比对,常染色体和性染色体数目异常结果符合率分别为100.0%和99.8%。另外BoBs将其中1例46,X,del(Y)(q11)判读为45,XO,1例47,XN,+mar[50]/46,XN[10]判读为46,XN,其余染色体结构异常不在BoBs检测范围。CNV验证致病性拷贝数变异1例,临床意义未明拷贝数变异1例;Y染色体AZF微缺失验证2例Y染色体为SRY+,存在AZFb+c缺失。结论羊水染色体核型分析能够发现染色体数目和结构异常核型,对于未知来源的标记染色体和<10 Mb的微缺失/微重复缺乏优势。BoBs对于常染色体数目检测和微缺失/微重复检测具有优势,能提示性染色体片段缺失,但要注意对性染色体的误判,常染色体结构异常不在BoBs检测范围。CNV对于全基因组微缺失和微重复检测具有优势。Y染色体AZF微缺失检测可对Y染色体进行验证。联合应用上述检测技术,能对羊水染色体数目和结构异常提供多方位诊断,值得推广应用。展开更多
目的对本省285例鼻骨发育异常的胎儿染色体结果进行回顾性分析,了解胎儿鼻骨发育异常与染色体异常的关系,为今后类似病例的产前诊断提供更精准的检测方案。方法遴选2020年1月至2021年11月期间因鼻骨发育异常到我中心行介入性产前诊断的...目的对本省285例鼻骨发育异常的胎儿染色体结果进行回顾性分析,了解胎儿鼻骨发育异常与染色体异常的关系,为今后类似病例的产前诊断提供更精准的检测方案。方法遴选2020年1月至2021年11月期间因鼻骨发育异常到我中心行介入性产前诊断的285例孕妇,其中羊膜腔穿刺195例,脐静脉穿刺90例,均同时行胎儿染色体核型分析和染色体微阵列分析(Chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA)。根据鼻骨发育异常有无合并其他高危因素将检测人群分为2组,一组不伴有其他高危因素即孤立性鼻骨发育异常组,另一组为合并其他高危因素如伴其他部位超声异常、高龄等即非孤立性鼻骨发育异常组。将检测出的异常染色体结果分为两类,一类为染色体核型分析异常组即染色体数目异常和较大的结构异常,简称核型异常,另一类为染色体拷贝数变异(Copy number variant,CNVs)异常但染色体核型分析正常组即染色体较小的结构异常,简称CNVs异常,用χ2检验比较两组病例的这两类染色体异常检出率有无差异。最后用构成比来展示两组染色体异常的详细构成情况。结果孤立性鼻骨发育异常198例,核型异常4例,检出率为2.02%,CNVs异常8例,检出率4.04%。非孤立性鼻骨发育异常87例,核型异常23例,检出率为26.44%,CNVs异常8例,检出率9.20%。两组间在核型异常检出率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在CNVs异常检出率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在非孤立性鼻骨发育异常组中,异常染色体总计31例,合并心脏及血管畸形计8例,占比最高。结论胎儿非孤立性鼻骨发育异常较孤立性鼻骨发育异常核型异常的检出率明显增加,但CNVs异常的检出率无明显增加。鼻骨发育异常的胎儿要重视对胎儿心脏及其血管的检查。展开更多
目的对孕期母体血清学唐氏筛查异常的胎儿染色体的检测结果进行汇总,分析异常染色体的检出情况。方法选取2020年至2021年两年因孕期血清学唐氏筛查异常到我中心行介入性产前诊断的658例孕妇,其中羊膜腔穿刺649例,脐静脉穿刺9例,均同时...目的对孕期母体血清学唐氏筛查异常的胎儿染色体的检测结果进行汇总,分析异常染色体的检出情况。方法选取2020年至2021年两年因孕期血清学唐氏筛查异常到我中心行介入性产前诊断的658例孕妇,其中羊膜腔穿刺649例,脐静脉穿刺9例,均同时行胎儿染色体核型分析和染色体微阵列分析(Chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA),其中核型分析用于检测染色体数目异常和较大的结构异常,而CMA主要用于检测染色体较小的结构异常—染色体的微小缺失和重复,即染色体拷贝数变异(Copy number variant,CNVs)。将检测出的异常染色体结果分为两组,一组为染色体核型分析异常组简称核型异常组,另一组为CNVs异常但染色体核型分析正常组简称CNVs异常组。结果658例孕妇有74例染色体检测结果异常,检出率为11.25%,其中核型异常组为33例,占比约5.02%,而CNVs异常组为41例,占比约6.23%,明显高于核型异常组。结论孕期母体血清学筛查异常不仅对染色体数目异常和较大的结构异常有提示作用,对染色体较小的结构异常即CNVs提示作用似乎更大。展开更多
旨在鉴别与鸭重要经济性状潜在相关的拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs),为解析CNVs对鸭经济性状的影响提供前期研究基础。本研究利用从美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)公共数据...旨在鉴别与鸭重要经济性状潜在相关的拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs),为解析CNVs对鸭经济性状的影响提供前期研究基础。本研究利用从美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)公共数据库中下载的8个鸭品种共78个个体的全基因组重测序数据,采用CNVnator和CNVcaller软件进行全基因组CNVs检测,同时只保留两个软件检测结果中存在至少1 bp重叠的同类型CNVRs,以消除假阳性对试验结果的影响。结果显示,8个鸭品种的CNVs合并后共检测出7550个CNV regions(CNVRs),其中包括7098个duplications和452个deletions。这些CNVRs在鸭29条常染色体上呈不均匀分布,总长度为16111.2 kb,平均长度为2134 bp,约占鸭基因组的1.51%。此外,本研究在8个鸭品种共筛选到4304个潜在的品种特异性CNVRs,覆盖1230个注释基因。通过基因功能Gene Ontology(GO)富集分析,鉴别到38个可能与生长和繁殖相关的CNVRs。本研究共发现7550个CNVRs,筛选出4304个潜在的品种特异性CNVRs,并鉴别到38个与鸭生长和繁殖潜在相关的CNVRs,为深入探究CNVs对鸭重要经济性状的影响提供了必要的研究基础。展开更多
The Boer goat is one of the top meat breeds in modern animal husbandry and has attracted widespread attention for its unique growth performance.However,the genetic basis of muscle development in the Boer goat remains ...The Boer goat is one of the top meat breeds in modern animal husbandry and has attracted widespread attention for its unique growth performance.However,the genetic basis of muscle development in the Boer goat remains obscure.In this study,we identified specific structural variants in the Boer goat based on genome-wide selection signals and analyzed the basis of the molecular heredity of related candidate genes in muscle development.A total of9 959 autosomal copy number variations(CNVs) were identified through selection signal analysis in 127 goat genomes.Specifically,we confirmed that the highest signal CNV(HSV) was a chromosomal arrangement containing an approximately 1.11 Mb(CHIR17:60062304-61171840 bp) duplicated fragment inserted in reverse orientation and a 5 362 bp deleted region(CHIR17:60145940-60151302 bp) with overlapping genes(e.g.,ARHGAP10,NR3C2,EDNRA,PRMT9,and TMEM184C).The homozygous duplicated HSV genotype(+/+) was found in 96% of Boer goats but was not detected in Eurasian goats and was only detected in 4% of indigenous African goats.The expression network of three candidate genes(ARHGAP10,NR3C2,and EDNRA)regulating dose transcription was constructed by RNA sequencing.Results indicated that these genes were involved in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells(SMSCs) and their overexpression significantly increased the expression of SAA3.The HSV of the Boer goat contributed to superior skeletal muscle growth via the dose effects of overlapping genes.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy is a critical eye condition that,if not treated,can lead to vision loss.Traditional methods of diagnosing and treating the disease are time-consuming and expensive.However,machine learning and dee...Diabetic retinopathy is a critical eye condition that,if not treated,can lead to vision loss.Traditional methods of diagnosing and treating the disease are time-consuming and expensive.However,machine learning and deep transfer learning(DTL)techniques have shown promise in medical applications,including detecting,classifying,and segmenting diabetic retinopathy.These advanced techniques offer higher accuracy and performance.ComputerAided Diagnosis(CAD)is crucial in speeding up classification and providing accurate disease diagnoses.Overall,these technological advancements hold great potential for improving the management of diabetic retinopathy.The study’s objective was to differentiate between different classes of diabetes and verify the model’s capability to distinguish between these classes.The robustness of the model was evaluated using other metrics such as accuracy(ACC),precision(PRE),recall(REC),and area under the curve(AUC).In this particular study,the researchers utilized data cleansing techniques,transfer learning(TL),and convolutional neural network(CNN)methods to effectively identify and categorize the various diseases associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR).They employed the VGG-16CNN model,incorporating intelligent parameters that enhanced its robustness.The outcomes surpassed the results obtained by the auto enhancement(AE)filter,which had an ACC of over 98%.The manuscript provides visual aids such as graphs,tables,and techniques and frameworks to enhance understanding.This study highlights the significance of optimized deep TL in improving the metrics of the classification of the four separate classes of DR.The manuscript emphasizes the importance of using the VGG16CNN classification technique in this context.展开更多
Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions account for up to 10% of all intracranial tumors. Most CPA tumors are benign, but can cause nerve damage or compress the surrounding structures if left untreated. The typical prese...Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions account for up to 10% of all intracranial tumors. Most CPA tumors are benign, but can cause nerve damage or compress the surrounding structures if left untreated. The typical presentation is with adult-onset sensorineural hearing loss or non-pulsatile tinnitus. In some patients, this goes unnoticed, and presentation is delayed until the lesion is much larger and presents with symptoms related to mass effect. We present the case study of 63 years old gentleman, who had suspected left CPA lesion on CT head done few years ago for dizziness and left-sided facial numbness. MRI could not be done at that time due to his MRI incompatible pacemaker leading to delay in his management eventually causing loss of patient to the follow up. He later developed progressive difficulty in walking which was initially attributed to as secondary to vasovagal syncope and postural hypotension. He eventually presented to us with intractable nausea and vomiting, worsening headache and ataxia. He had an urgent CT head which showed significant growth in the lesion with compression of the surrounding structures and obstructive hydrocephalus. He was given steroids which improved his nausea and vomiting, followed by undergoing surgery in regional center leading to significant improvement in his gait within few days of surgery. He unfortunately continued to have a degree of ataxia and facial numbness. This case illustrates a rare presentation of CPA tumor with symptoms of nausea and vomiting as a result of mass effect of the growing tumor. In addition, this review also shows the importance of regularly following up the patients with suspected CPA lesions on initial scans which will help with identifying the increase in size of lesion promptly and potentially preventing advanced complications of CPA tumors. We suggest regular monitoring of these patients to timely manage the lesion and avoid the potential life-threatening complications.展开更多
文摘Copy number variations (CNVs) that are frequent in genome influence on susceptibility of various diseases including cancers. The present mini-review focuses on CNVs associated with susceptibility to the cancers. Since CNVs are different between cancer types, the analysis of the specific CNV makes it possible to estimate the susceptibility to the cancers of interest in individuals. Although it is true that available data on CNVs associated with cancer susceptibility are limited at present, accumulation of the data is accelerated with the research progression of CNVs in near future. Information on CNVs associated with cancer susceptibility is useful for not only cancer research but also personalized healthcare including cancer prevention.
文摘拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs)是由基因组发生重排引起的,通常指长度为几千个碱基对以上的基因组片段的拷贝数增加或减少,表现为亚显微水平的缺失、重复和片段性重复等。CNVs与许多疾病相关,是导致人类出生缺陷、发育疾病和癌症等疾病的重要机制之一。深入了解基因组中的拷贝数变异对于更好地理解基因与疾病之间的关系、遗传-环境相互作用以及基因组变异与物种进化之间的关联具有重要意义。因此,与CNVs相关的疾病研究已经成为当前医学遗传学研究中的重要领域。对亚显微水平CNVs致病的分子机制、检测方法以及最新进展进行综述。
文摘目的:建立可用于甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因CNVs测定的稳定可靠的检测体系。方法:利用Real timePCR方法对甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因CNVs进行测定。结果:在HMGR,SQS1,β-AS合酶基因以及内标基因lectin的定量检测实验中,其定量反应的Ct值分别在25.82～25.88,29.01～29.08,15.52～15.56,19.06～19.08变化,SD分别是0.033,0.032,0.024,0.011,其CV分别是0.12%,0.22%,0.16%,0.06%。结论:所建立的Real time PCR体系重复性好,检测系统工作稳定可靠,可用于甘草HMGR,SQS1,β-AS基因的CNVs筛选。
文摘目的探讨染色体核型分析、细菌人工染色体标记-微球鉴别/分离法(bacterial artificial chromosome on beads,BoBs)、基因拷贝数目变异检测(copy number variations,CNV)和Y染色体无精子症因子(azoospermia factor,AZF)微缺失联合检测在孕妇羊水染色体鉴定中的应用价值。方法选取2021年7月至2022年12月于皖南医学院第一附属医院(弋矶山医院)产前诊断中心就诊中符合产前诊断指征的孕妇507例,抽取孕16~25 w羊水,分别进行细胞培养染色体核型分析,提取DNA进行BoBs检测,对其中1例21-三体综合征和1例标记染色体进行CNV验证,2例Y染色体进行AZF微缺失验证,统计结果。结果507例羊水穿刺指征统计,以唐筛高风险占比最高,达39.1%(198/507);NIPT高风险组仅占总检查孕妇的14.0%(71/507),但核型分析和BoBs异常结果占比最高,分别占全部异常结果的40.3%(23/57)和47.7%(21/44)。507例羊水标本一共检出异常结果59例(11.6%),其中染色体核型分析检出异常57例(11.2%),常染色体数目异常26例(5.1%),常染色体结构异常14例(2.8%);性染色体数目异常13例(2.6%),性染色体结构异常4例(0.7%)。BoBs检出异常44例(8.7%),其中常染色体数目异常26例(5.1%),性染色体数目异常14例(2.8%),性染色体部分缺失2例(0.4%),检出46,XN,22q11重复2例(0.4%)。BoBs与核型分析结果比对,常染色体和性染色体数目异常结果符合率分别为100.0%和99.8%。另外BoBs将其中1例46,X,del(Y)(q11)判读为45,XO,1例47,XN,+mar[50]/46,XN[10]判读为46,XN,其余染色体结构异常不在BoBs检测范围。CNV验证致病性拷贝数变异1例,临床意义未明拷贝数变异1例;Y染色体AZF微缺失验证2例Y染色体为SRY+,存在AZFb+c缺失。结论羊水染色体核型分析能够发现染色体数目和结构异常核型,对于未知来源的标记染色体和<10 Mb的微缺失/微重复缺乏优势。BoBs对于常染色体数目检测和微缺失/微重复检测具有优势,能提示性染色体片段缺失,但要注意对性染色体的误判,常染色体结构异常不在BoBs检测范围。CNV对于全基因组微缺失和微重复检测具有优势。Y染色体AZF微缺失检测可对Y染色体进行验证。联合应用上述检测技术,能对羊水染色体数目和结构异常提供多方位诊断,值得推广应用。
文摘目的对本省285例鼻骨发育异常的胎儿染色体结果进行回顾性分析,了解胎儿鼻骨发育异常与染色体异常的关系,为今后类似病例的产前诊断提供更精准的检测方案。方法遴选2020年1月至2021年11月期间因鼻骨发育异常到我中心行介入性产前诊断的285例孕妇,其中羊膜腔穿刺195例,脐静脉穿刺90例,均同时行胎儿染色体核型分析和染色体微阵列分析(Chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA)。根据鼻骨发育异常有无合并其他高危因素将检测人群分为2组,一组不伴有其他高危因素即孤立性鼻骨发育异常组,另一组为合并其他高危因素如伴其他部位超声异常、高龄等即非孤立性鼻骨发育异常组。将检测出的异常染色体结果分为两类,一类为染色体核型分析异常组即染色体数目异常和较大的结构异常,简称核型异常,另一类为染色体拷贝数变异(Copy number variant,CNVs)异常但染色体核型分析正常组即染色体较小的结构异常,简称CNVs异常,用χ2检验比较两组病例的这两类染色体异常检出率有无差异。最后用构成比来展示两组染色体异常的详细构成情况。结果孤立性鼻骨发育异常198例,核型异常4例,检出率为2.02%,CNVs异常8例,检出率4.04%。非孤立性鼻骨发育异常87例,核型异常23例,检出率为26.44%,CNVs异常8例,检出率9.20%。两组间在核型异常检出率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在CNVs异常检出率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在非孤立性鼻骨发育异常组中,异常染色体总计31例,合并心脏及血管畸形计8例,占比最高。结论胎儿非孤立性鼻骨发育异常较孤立性鼻骨发育异常核型异常的检出率明显增加,但CNVs异常的检出率无明显增加。鼻骨发育异常的胎儿要重视对胎儿心脏及其血管的检查。
文摘目的对孕期母体血清学唐氏筛查异常的胎儿染色体的检测结果进行汇总,分析异常染色体的检出情况。方法选取2020年至2021年两年因孕期血清学唐氏筛查异常到我中心行介入性产前诊断的658例孕妇,其中羊膜腔穿刺649例,脐静脉穿刺9例,均同时行胎儿染色体核型分析和染色体微阵列分析(Chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA),其中核型分析用于检测染色体数目异常和较大的结构异常,而CMA主要用于检测染色体较小的结构异常—染色体的微小缺失和重复,即染色体拷贝数变异(Copy number variant,CNVs)。将检测出的异常染色体结果分为两组,一组为染色体核型分析异常组简称核型异常组,另一组为CNVs异常但染色体核型分析正常组简称CNVs异常组。结果658例孕妇有74例染色体检测结果异常,检出率为11.25%,其中核型异常组为33例,占比约5.02%,而CNVs异常组为41例,占比约6.23%,明显高于核型异常组。结论孕期母体血清学筛查异常不仅对染色体数目异常和较大的结构异常有提示作用,对染色体较小的结构异常即CNVs提示作用似乎更大。
文摘旨在鉴别与鸭重要经济性状潜在相关的拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs),为解析CNVs对鸭经济性状的影响提供前期研究基础。本研究利用从美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)公共数据库中下载的8个鸭品种共78个个体的全基因组重测序数据,采用CNVnator和CNVcaller软件进行全基因组CNVs检测,同时只保留两个软件检测结果中存在至少1 bp重叠的同类型CNVRs,以消除假阳性对试验结果的影响。结果显示,8个鸭品种的CNVs合并后共检测出7550个CNV regions(CNVRs),其中包括7098个duplications和452个deletions。这些CNVRs在鸭29条常染色体上呈不均匀分布,总长度为16111.2 kb,平均长度为2134 bp,约占鸭基因组的1.51%。此外,本研究在8个鸭品种共筛选到4304个潜在的品种特异性CNVRs,覆盖1230个注释基因。通过基因功能Gene Ontology(GO)富集分析,鉴别到38个可能与生长和繁殖相关的CNVRs。本研究共发现7550个CNVRs,筛选出4304个潜在的品种特异性CNVRs,并鉴别到38个与鸭生长和繁殖潜在相关的CNVRs,为深入探究CNVs对鸭重要经济性状的影响提供了必要的研究基础。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272834)。
文摘The Boer goat is one of the top meat breeds in modern animal husbandry and has attracted widespread attention for its unique growth performance.However,the genetic basis of muscle development in the Boer goat remains obscure.In this study,we identified specific structural variants in the Boer goat based on genome-wide selection signals and analyzed the basis of the molecular heredity of related candidate genes in muscle development.A total of9 959 autosomal copy number variations(CNVs) were identified through selection signal analysis in 127 goat genomes.Specifically,we confirmed that the highest signal CNV(HSV) was a chromosomal arrangement containing an approximately 1.11 Mb(CHIR17:60062304-61171840 bp) duplicated fragment inserted in reverse orientation and a 5 362 bp deleted region(CHIR17:60145940-60151302 bp) with overlapping genes(e.g.,ARHGAP10,NR3C2,EDNRA,PRMT9,and TMEM184C).The homozygous duplicated HSV genotype(+/+) was found in 96% of Boer goats but was not detected in Eurasian goats and was only detected in 4% of indigenous African goats.The expression network of three candidate genes(ARHGAP10,NR3C2,and EDNRA)regulating dose transcription was constructed by RNA sequencing.Results indicated that these genes were involved in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells(SMSCs) and their overexpression significantly increased the expression of SAA3.The HSV of the Boer goat contributed to superior skeletal muscle growth via the dose effects of overlapping genes.
文摘Diabetic retinopathy is a critical eye condition that,if not treated,can lead to vision loss.Traditional methods of diagnosing and treating the disease are time-consuming and expensive.However,machine learning and deep transfer learning(DTL)techniques have shown promise in medical applications,including detecting,classifying,and segmenting diabetic retinopathy.These advanced techniques offer higher accuracy and performance.ComputerAided Diagnosis(CAD)is crucial in speeding up classification and providing accurate disease diagnoses.Overall,these technological advancements hold great potential for improving the management of diabetic retinopathy.The study’s objective was to differentiate between different classes of diabetes and verify the model’s capability to distinguish between these classes.The robustness of the model was evaluated using other metrics such as accuracy(ACC),precision(PRE),recall(REC),and area under the curve(AUC).In this particular study,the researchers utilized data cleansing techniques,transfer learning(TL),and convolutional neural network(CNN)methods to effectively identify and categorize the various diseases associated with diabetic retinopathy(DR).They employed the VGG-16CNN model,incorporating intelligent parameters that enhanced its robustness.The outcomes surpassed the results obtained by the auto enhancement(AE)filter,which had an ACC of over 98%.The manuscript provides visual aids such as graphs,tables,and techniques and frameworks to enhance understanding.This study highlights the significance of optimized deep TL in improving the metrics of the classification of the four separate classes of DR.The manuscript emphasizes the importance of using the VGG16CNN classification technique in this context.
文摘Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions account for up to 10% of all intracranial tumors. Most CPA tumors are benign, but can cause nerve damage or compress the surrounding structures if left untreated. The typical presentation is with adult-onset sensorineural hearing loss or non-pulsatile tinnitus. In some patients, this goes unnoticed, and presentation is delayed until the lesion is much larger and presents with symptoms related to mass effect. We present the case study of 63 years old gentleman, who had suspected left CPA lesion on CT head done few years ago for dizziness and left-sided facial numbness. MRI could not be done at that time due to his MRI incompatible pacemaker leading to delay in his management eventually causing loss of patient to the follow up. He later developed progressive difficulty in walking which was initially attributed to as secondary to vasovagal syncope and postural hypotension. He eventually presented to us with intractable nausea and vomiting, worsening headache and ataxia. He had an urgent CT head which showed significant growth in the lesion with compression of the surrounding structures and obstructive hydrocephalus. He was given steroids which improved his nausea and vomiting, followed by undergoing surgery in regional center leading to significant improvement in his gait within few days of surgery. He unfortunately continued to have a degree of ataxia and facial numbness. This case illustrates a rare presentation of CPA tumor with symptoms of nausea and vomiting as a result of mass effect of the growing tumor. In addition, this review also shows the importance of regularly following up the patients with suspected CPA lesions on initial scans which will help with identifying the increase in size of lesion promptly and potentially preventing advanced complications of CPA tumors. We suggest regular monitoring of these patients to timely manage the lesion and avoid the potential life-threatening complications.
