基于全生命周期法(LCA)对CO_2-DMC(碳酸二甲酯)产业链碳足迹进行了分析,分别以常规反应塔工艺、膜反应塔工艺和反应精馏塔工艺为对象,考察了各工艺在不同能源供应情景下产业链的碳足迹情况,对原料的获取、原料的运输、燃料的使用、燃料...基于全生命周期法(LCA)对CO_2-DMC(碳酸二甲酯)产业链碳足迹进行了分析,分别以常规反应塔工艺、膜反应塔工艺和反应精馏塔工艺为对象,考察了各工艺在不同能源供应情景下产业链的碳足迹情况,对原料的获取、原料的运输、燃料的使用、燃料的运输以及产品的配送等环节进行了碳足迹分析。结果表明:3种工艺中反应精馏塔工艺能耗、碳足迹最小,常规反应塔工艺最大;以渣油为燃料常规反应塔工艺单位产品碳足迹最大,碳足迹为1.67 t CO_2/t DMC,以天然气为燃料的反应精馏塔工艺碳足迹最小,单位产品碳足迹为0.70 t CO_2/t DMC;燃料消耗碳足迹在总碳足迹中占比最大,其次为原料上游排放。展开更多
Shear-wave velocity is a key parameter for calibrating monitoring time-lapse 4D seismic data during CO2-EOR （Enhanced Oil Recovery） and CO2 sequestration. However, actual S-wave velocity data are lacking, especially...Shear-wave velocity is a key parameter for calibrating monitoring time-lapse 4D seismic data during CO2-EOR （Enhanced Oil Recovery） and CO2 sequestration. However, actual S-wave velocity data are lacking, especially in 4D data for CO2 sequestration because wells are closed after the CO2 injection and seismic monitoring is continued but no well log data are acquired. When CO2 is injected into a reservoir, the pressure and saturation of the reservoirs change as well as the elastic parameters of the reservoir rocks. We propose a method to predict the S-wave velocity in reservoirs at different pressures and porosities based on the Hertz-Mindlin and Gassmann equations. Because the coordination number is unknown in the Hertz Mindlin equation, we propose a new method to predict it. Thus, we use data at different CO2 injection stages in the Gao89 well block, Shengli Oilfield. First, the sand and mud beds are separated based on the structural characteristics of the thin sand beds and then the S-wave velocity as a function of reservoir pressure and porosity is calculated. Finally, synthetic seismic seismograms are generated based on the predicted P- and S-wave velocities at different stages of CO2 injection.展开更多
通过对欠发达地区湖南桑植茶叶种植、加工、销售现状和发达地区嘉兴茶叶消费者对高质量茶叶需求现状进行深入调查与分析,提出乡村振兴背景下发达地区专业市场与欠发达地区种植基地“O2O+W2M”(Online to Offline+Wholesale to Member,...通过对欠发达地区湖南桑植茶叶种植、加工、销售现状和发达地区嘉兴茶叶消费者对高质量茶叶需求现状进行深入调查与分析,提出乡村振兴背景下发达地区专业市场与欠发达地区种植基地“O2O+W2M”(Online to Offline+Wholesale to Member,即线上与线下+专业市场与会员)联动发展茶叶产业链的研究思路:由欠发达地区桑植县的茶叶种植基地充分利用该地区优良的生态资源规模种植富硒茶叶,而发达地区嘉兴茶叶专业市场经销商充分利用沿海发达地区的市场优势、资金优势、国内外渠道优势等,实现两地联动发展茶叶产业链,全面提升桑植县规模种植、加工茶叶水平,理顺嘉兴茶叶专业市场销售模式。利用各种“互联网+”、物联网、新媒体、大数据等技术,发达地区茶叶专业市场构建“O2O+W2M”的电子商务模式,实现湖南桑植茶叶种植基地与浙江嘉兴茶叶专业市场联动发展茶叶产业链,为国家提出乡村振兴战略背景下的“精准扶贫”树立一个典型案例,供相关部门、发达地区茶叶专业市场、欠发达地区茶叶种植基地企业家等参考。展开更多
Under the policy background and advocacy of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)-EOR has become a promising direction in the shale oil reservoir industry.The multi-scale pore structure distribution and ...Under the policy background and advocacy of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)-EOR has become a promising direction in the shale oil reservoir industry.The multi-scale pore structure distribution and fracture structure lead to complex multiphase flow,comprehensively considering multiple mechanisms is crucial for development and CO_(2) storage in fractured shale reservoirs.In this paper,a multi-mechanism coupled model is developed by MATLAB.Compared to the traditional Eclipse300 and MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox(MRST),this model considers the impact of pore structure on fluid phase behavior by the modified Peng—Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS),and the effect simultaneously radiate to Maxwell—Stefan(M—S)diffusion,stress sensitivity,the nano-confinement(NC)effect.Moreover,a modified embedded discrete fracture model(EDFM)is used to model the complex fractures,which optimizes connection types and half-transmissibility calculation approaches between non-neighboring connections(NNCs).The full implicit equation adopts the finite volume method(FVM)and Newton—Raphson iteration for discretization and solution.The model verification with the Eclipse300 and MRST is satisfactory.The results show that the interaction between the mechanisms significantly affects the production performance and storage characteristics.The effect of molecular diffusion may be overestimated in oil-dominated(liquid-dominated)shale reservoirs.The well spacing and injection gas rate are the most crucial factors affecting the production by sensitivity analysis.Moreover,the potential gas invasion risk is mentioned.This model provides a reliable theoretical basis for CO_(2)-EOR and sequestration in shale oil reservoirs.展开更多
随着“互联网 ”战略的提出,农村电商与地方扶贫深度融合趋势加速,形成了农村电商扶贫模式。为寻求农村电商助力农民脱贫的有效途径,本文基于全产业链视角,探究了农村电商发展的客观限制因素及全产业链发展对于农村电商扶贫的作用机制...随着“互联网 ”战略的提出,农村电商与地方扶贫深度融合趋势加速,形成了农村电商扶贫模式。为寻求农村电商助力农民脱贫的有效途径,本文基于全产业链视角,探究了农村电商发展的客观限制因素及全产业链发展对于农村电商扶贫的作用机制。我国农村电商发展存在着特色优质农产品品牌建设滞后、专业电商运营体系亟待提高、网络基础设施建设落后、物流体系不完善以及政府金融支持不足等客观限制因素。农村电商扶贫应通过农业全产业链构建S2B2C (Supply chain platform To Business To Customer)的农产品供应链平台,保障农户脱贫的持续性和有效性。同时,以全产业链协同发展模式贴合农民收入结构并帮助其增收,全面提升农村电商扶贫实施效果。展开更多
文摘基于全生命周期法(LCA)对CO_2-DMC(碳酸二甲酯)产业链碳足迹进行了分析,分别以常规反应塔工艺、膜反应塔工艺和反应精馏塔工艺为对象,考察了各工艺在不同能源供应情景下产业链的碳足迹情况,对原料的获取、原料的运输、燃料的使用、燃料的运输以及产品的配送等环节进行了碳足迹分析。结果表明:3种工艺中反应精馏塔工艺能耗、碳足迹最小,常规反应塔工艺最大;以渣油为燃料常规反应塔工艺单位产品碳足迹最大,碳足迹为1.67 t CO_2/t DMC,以天然气为燃料的反应精馏塔工艺碳足迹最小,单位产品碳足迹为0.70 t CO_2/t DMC;燃料消耗碳足迹在总碳足迹中占比最大,其次为原料上游排放。
基金supported by the National High Techology Research and Development Program(No.2012AA050103)
文摘Shear-wave velocity is a key parameter for calibrating monitoring time-lapse 4D seismic data during CO2-EOR （Enhanced Oil Recovery） and CO2 sequestration. However, actual S-wave velocity data are lacking, especially in 4D data for CO2 sequestration because wells are closed after the CO2 injection and seismic monitoring is continued but no well log data are acquired. When CO2 is injected into a reservoir, the pressure and saturation of the reservoirs change as well as the elastic parameters of the reservoir rocks. We propose a method to predict the S-wave velocity in reservoirs at different pressures and porosities based on the Hertz-Mindlin and Gassmann equations. Because the coordination number is unknown in the Hertz Mindlin equation, we propose a new method to predict it. Thus, we use data at different CO2 injection stages in the Gao89 well block, Shengli Oilfield. First, the sand and mud beds are separated based on the structural characteristics of the thin sand beds and then the S-wave velocity as a function of reservoir pressure and porosity is calculated. Finally, synthetic seismic seismograms are generated based on the predicted P- and S-wave velocities at different stages of CO2 injection.
文摘通过对欠发达地区湖南桑植茶叶种植、加工、销售现状和发达地区嘉兴茶叶消费者对高质量茶叶需求现状进行深入调查与分析,提出乡村振兴背景下发达地区专业市场与欠发达地区种植基地“O2O+W2M”(Online to Offline+Wholesale to Member,即线上与线下+专业市场与会员)联动发展茶叶产业链的研究思路:由欠发达地区桑植县的茶叶种植基地充分利用该地区优良的生态资源规模种植富硒茶叶,而发达地区嘉兴茶叶专业市场经销商充分利用沿海发达地区的市场优势、资金优势、国内外渠道优势等,实现两地联动发展茶叶产业链,全面提升桑植县规模种植、加工茶叶水平,理顺嘉兴茶叶专业市场销售模式。利用各种“互联网+”、物联网、新媒体、大数据等技术,发达地区茶叶专业市场构建“O2O+W2M”的电子商务模式,实现湖南桑植茶叶种植基地与浙江嘉兴茶叶专业市场联动发展茶叶产业链,为国家提出乡村振兴战略背景下的“精准扶贫”树立一个典型案例,供相关部门、发达地区茶叶专业市场、欠发达地区茶叶种植基地企业家等参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174038 and No.52004307)China Petroleum Science and Technology Project-Major Project-Research on Tight Oil-Shale Oil Reservoir Engineering Methods and Key Technologies in Ordos Basin(No.ZLZX2020-02-04)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462018YJRC015)。
文摘Under the policy background and advocacy of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)-EOR has become a promising direction in the shale oil reservoir industry.The multi-scale pore structure distribution and fracture structure lead to complex multiphase flow,comprehensively considering multiple mechanisms is crucial for development and CO_(2) storage in fractured shale reservoirs.In this paper,a multi-mechanism coupled model is developed by MATLAB.Compared to the traditional Eclipse300 and MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox(MRST),this model considers the impact of pore structure on fluid phase behavior by the modified Peng—Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS),and the effect simultaneously radiate to Maxwell—Stefan(M—S)diffusion,stress sensitivity,the nano-confinement(NC)effect.Moreover,a modified embedded discrete fracture model(EDFM)is used to model the complex fractures,which optimizes connection types and half-transmissibility calculation approaches between non-neighboring connections(NNCs).The full implicit equation adopts the finite volume method(FVM)and Newton—Raphson iteration for discretization and solution.The model verification with the Eclipse300 and MRST is satisfactory.The results show that the interaction between the mechanisms significantly affects the production performance and storage characteristics.The effect of molecular diffusion may be overestimated in oil-dominated(liquid-dominated)shale reservoirs.The well spacing and injection gas rate are the most crucial factors affecting the production by sensitivity analysis.Moreover,the potential gas invasion risk is mentioned.This model provides a reliable theoretical basis for CO_(2)-EOR and sequestration in shale oil reservoirs.
文摘随着“互联网 ”战略的提出,农村电商与地方扶贫深度融合趋势加速,形成了农村电商扶贫模式。为寻求农村电商助力农民脱贫的有效途径,本文基于全产业链视角,探究了农村电商发展的客观限制因素及全产业链发展对于农村电商扶贫的作用机制。我国农村电商发展存在着特色优质农产品品牌建设滞后、专业电商运营体系亟待提高、网络基础设施建设落后、物流体系不完善以及政府金融支持不足等客观限制因素。农村电商扶贫应通过农业全产业链构建S2B2C (Supply chain platform To Business To Customer)的农产品供应链平台,保障农户脱贫的持续性和有效性。同时,以全产业链协同发展模式贴合农民收入结构并帮助其增收,全面提升农村电商扶贫实施效果。
