Experimental investigation on using CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion with high water cut in enhanced oil recovery

CO_(2) emulsions used for EOR have received a lot of interest because of its good performance on CO_(2)mobility reduction.However,most of them have been focusing on the high quality CO_(2) emulsion(high CO_(2) fraction),while CO_(2) emulsion with high water cut has been rarely researched.In this paper,we carried out a comprehensive experimental study of using high water cut CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion for enhancing oil recovery.Firstly,a nonionic surfactant,alkyl glycosides(APG),was selected to stabilize CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion,and the corresponding morphology and stability were evaluated with a transparent PVT cell.Subsequently,plugging capacity and apparent viscosity of CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion were measured systematically by a sand pack displacement apparatus connected with a 1.95-m long capillary tube.Furthermore,a high water cut(40 vol%) CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion was selected for flooding experiments in a long sand pack and a core sample,and the oil recovery,the rate of oil recovery,and the pressure gradients were analyzed.The results indicated that APG had a good performance on emulsifying and stabilizing CO_(2) emulsion.An inversion from H_(2)O/CO_(2) emulsion to CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion with the increase in water cut was confirmed.CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsions with lower water cuts presented higher apparent viscosity,while the optimal plugging capacity of CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion occurred at a certain water cut.Eventually,the displacement using CO_(2)/H_(2)O emulsion provided 18.98% and 13.36% additional oil recovery than that using pure CO_(2) in long sand pack and core tests,respectively.This work may provide guidelines for EOR using CO_(2) emulsions with high water cut.

Protective effect of camellia oil on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes of rats

Objective: To explore the protective effect of camellia oil against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Methods: CCK8 method was used to detect the cell survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of H2O2. Normal cultured cells were used as the blank control group, and the cells were treated with 200 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h. An oxidative stress injury model was constructed as the model group. The cells were pretreated with 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% camellia oil for 24 h, and then H2O2 was added for 24 h as the experimental group. The β-galactosidase senescence staining assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, EdU cell proliferation staining assay and scratch assay were used to observe the changes of cell senescence, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, apoptosis and migration in each group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the cells in each group were detected by using the kit. Results: The cell viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with different concentrations of H2O2 was inhibited and positively correlated with the concentration of H2O2 (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the positive rate of cell senescence, MDA content and LDH activity increased in the H2O2 model group (P<0.01);mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular value-added rate, migration rate and SOD activity decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the H2O2 model group, the positive rate of cellular senescence (P<0.01 or P<0.05), MDA content and LDH activity decreased (P< 0.01 or P<0.05);mitochondrial membrane potential increased, cell proliferation rate and migration rate increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Camellia oil can significantly inhibit oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cells and exert cardiomyocyte protective effects.

An Integrated Optimization Method for CO_(2) Pre-Injection during Hydraulic Fracturing in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

CO_(2) pre-injection during hydraulic fracturing is an important method for the development of medium to deep heavy oil reservoirs.It reduces the interfacial tension and viscosity of crude oil,enhances its flowability,maintains reservoir pressure,and increases reservoir drainage capacity.Taking the Badaowan Formation as an example,in this study a detailed three-dimensional geomechanical model based on static data from well logging interpretations is elaborated,which can take into account both vertical and horizontal geological variations and mechanical characteristics.A comprehensive analysis of the impact of key construction parameters on Pre-CO_(2) based fracturing(such as cluster spacing and injection volume),is therefore conducted.Thereafter,using optimized construction parameters,a non-structured grid for dynamic development prediction is introduced,and the capacity variations of different production scenarios are assessed.On the basis of the simulation results,reasonable fracturing parameters are finally determined,including cluster spacing,fracturing fluid volume,proppant concentration,and well spacing.

Effect of CO_(2)flooding in an oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2)in oil and water and its displacement mechanism were investigated by laboratory experiment and numerical simulation for Block 9 in the Tahe oilfield,a sandstone oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Such parameters were analyzed as solubility ratio of CO_(2)in oil,gas and water,interfacial tension,in-situ oil viscosity distribution,remaining oil saturation distribution,and oil compositions.The results show that CO_(2)flooding could control water coning and increase oil production.In the early stage of the injection process,CO_(2)expanded vertically due to gravity differentiation,and extended laterally under the action of strong bottom water in the intermediate and late stages.The CO_(2)got enriched and extended at the oil-water interface,forming a high interfacial tension zone,which inhibited the coning of bottom water to some extent.A miscible region with low interfacial tension formed at the gas injection front,which reduced the in-situ oil viscosity by about 50%.The numerical simulation results show that enhanced oil recovery(EOR)is estimated at 5.72%and the oil exchange ratio of CO_(2)is 0.17 t/t.

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷2号构造带油气地球化学特征与来源

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷2号构造带具有多洼、多层系供烃的特征。为了揭示其复杂的油气来源,开展色谱-质谱等地化测试,分析原油地化特征,将原油分为3类,并确定每类原油的来源。结果表明:(1)Ⅰ类原油主要分布于西构造带沙三段储层中,原油中C27与C29规则甾烷相对含量接近,孕甾烷参数((孕甾烷+升孕甾烷)/规则甾烷)和甾烷异构化参数(C29甾烷20S/(20R+20S)、C29甾烷ββ/(αα+ββ))较高,具有水生生物和高等植物共同输入特征,原油成熟度高,来源于沙三段烃源岩;(2)Ⅱ类原油主要分布于西构造带东二段储层中,原油中C29规则甾烷含量具明显优势,孕甾烷参数和甾烷异构化参数均低,原油母质中高等植物具有明显优势,原油成熟度整体偏低,来源于沙一段—东三段烃源岩;(3)Ⅲ类原油主要分布于东构造带东三段和西构造带东一段和明化镇组储层中,原油中C29规则甾烷具有一定优势,孕甾烷参数较低,甾烷异构化参数较高,以高等植物输入为主,原油成熟度较高,为3套烃源岩的混合来源;(4)原油4-/1-MDBT和Ts/Tm指数具有沿断层向浅部层系减小的趋势,且原油甲基菲换算的镜质体反射率与下覆烃源岩镜质体反射率一致,表明研究区原油具有原地供烃的特点。本研究成果为研究区的浅层精细勘探及深层勘探提供理论指导。

运移距离对CO_(2)混相驱重力超覆的影响规律及表征分析

CO_(2)驱油技术具有提高原油采收率和资源化利用与封存的双重目的,已在低渗-致密油藏得到广泛应用。为明确运移距离对CO_(2)混相驱油过程中密度差引起的重力超覆程度的影响规律,分别采用室内物理模型和数值模型开展研究。实验结果表明,混相条件下,由于岩心长度减小,重力超覆的扩展空间受限,但油气混相程度的降低,导致重力超覆程度降低幅度较小;当岩心长度继续减小时,混相程度降低对重力超覆的影响大于岩心长度对重力超覆扩展空间限制的影响,从而使重力超覆程度加剧。数模结果表明,随着运移距离的减小,重力超覆程度减弱,混相驱采收率提高。因此,结合油田现场情况,为减缓重力超覆,应适当减小井距,缩短CO_(2)气体运移距离,从而提高CO_(2)驱的波及效率。研究结果对于CO_(2)驱油现场试验方案设计和参数优化具有一定的指导意义。

中深层稠油水平井前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂技术

利用准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏地区中深层稠油油藏参数,对水平井前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂技术的开发机理、关键操作参数及开发效果进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:①伴随压裂—焖井—生产等开发阶段的延伸,前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂后的油井逐步显现出增能改造、扩散降黏、膨胀补能、释压成泡沫油流等特性,井底流压提高了2~4MPa,CO_(2)扩散至油藏的1/3,原油黏度降至500mPa·s以下,泡沫油流明显;②研究区最优压裂段间距为60m、裂缝半长为90m、裂缝导流能力为10t/m,CO_(2)最佳注入强度为1.5m3/m,注入速度为1.8m3/min,油井焖井时间为30d,油藏采收率提高了2%~3%;③通过与常规压裂生产效果进行对比,前置CO_(2)蓄能压裂技术可使产油量提高5.2t/d,预测CO_(2)换油率达2.45,开发效果显著提升。

适合致密油藏的超临界CO_(2)-气溶性表面活性剂复合吞吐技术

为了进一步提高致密油储层超临界CO_(2)吞吐的开发效果,探索适合致密油藏的超临界CO_(2)-气溶性表面活性剂复合吞吐技术,通过原油黏度实验、油气界面张力实验、最小混相压力实验、原油膨胀系数实验以及超临界CO_(2)-气溶性表面活性剂复合吞吐模拟实验,评价了不同类型气溶性表面活性剂的性能及其对吞吐采收率的影响。结果表明:气溶性表面活性剂GRS⁃1的综合性能更加突出,随着气溶性表面活性剂质量分数的不断增大,原油黏度、油气界面张力和最小混相压力均呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,而原油体积膨胀系数则逐渐增大,并且岩心的吞吐采收率和入口端压力也呈现出逐渐增大的趋势;随着混合流体注入量的增加以及闷井时间的延长,岩心吞吐采收率和入口端压力均逐渐增大,并且岩心的渗透率越大,吞吐采收率就越高;超临界CO_(2)-气溶性表面活性剂复合吞吐的最佳实验参数为气溶性表面活性剂GRS⁃1的质量分数0.6%、混合流体注入量0.5 PV、闷井时间3 h、吞吐轮次3次。该复合吞吐技术能够显著提高致密油藏的采收率,对高效开发致密油藏具有指导意义。

页岩油藏注CO_(2)驱孔隙动用特征研究

CO_(2)在页岩油藏驱油时的孔隙动用特征是评价其应用于提高页岩油藏采收率效果的一项重要指标。因此,开展了超临界CO_(2)驱替页岩岩心室内实验,并以核磁共振(NMR)在线岩心扫描技术为手段对CO_(2)驱页岩油藏的孔隙动用特征和规律进行研究。结果表明,超临界CO_(2)非混相驱油主要动用页岩中孔隙半径在0.1~3.0µm范围内的油,而此过程中小于0.008µm孔隙半径内的油量反而增加,分析原因主要是CO_(2)在页岩层中通过压差和扩散作用将大孔隙内页岩油带入小孔隙中并发生吸附滞留,在驱替时间5 h后,CO_(2)驱替页岩油采收率达到35.7%,驱油效果较好。

低渗砂岩油田CO_(2)驱化学机理及提高采收率研究

针对低渗砂岩油藏进行了CO_(2)驱开发技术研究,分析了CO_(2)驱油化学机理及主要影响因素。基于目标油藏流体特征进行了PVT拟合,确定其CO_(2)驱最小混相压力,明确了不同压力及注入时机对CO_(2)驱采收率、气油比、含水率及驱动压差等的影响规律,探究了CO_(2)泡沫驱在提高采收率方面的效用。结果表明:24.5 MPa为目标区域CO_(2)驱的最小混相压力,采收率会随着压力的升高而增加,28 MPa时CO_(2)驱提高采收率可达30.57%。气体突破时间、总采收率与CO_(2)注入时机密切相关,CO_(2)注入越早,越有利于采收率的提高,出口含水率为60%时注入可提高采收率39.13%。CO_(2)泡沫驱可以在一定程度上起到提高采收率的效用。

苏北盆地江苏油田CO_(2)驱油技术进展及应用

CCUS(碳捕集、利用与封存)技术对绿色低碳转型、实现“双碳”目标意义重大,而CO_(2)驱油埋存是其重要内容。苏北盆地江苏油田针对复杂断块油藏提高采收率的技术瓶颈开展CO_(2)驱油技术攻关及多种类型矿场试验,形成了以重力稳定驱、驱吐协同等为特点的复杂断块油藏CO_(2)驱油的4种差异化模式,成功开展了花26断块“仿水平井”重力稳定驱等技术先导试验,建成了10×10^(4) t的复杂断块油藏CCUS示范工程。江苏油田累计注入液碳量30.34×10^(4) t,累计增油量9.83×10^(4) t,实现了较好的增产效果及经济效益。技术研究及试验可为其他复杂断块油藏的CO_(2)驱开发提供参考借鉴。

5Cr油套管钢在含Cl^(-)的CO_(2)环境中的腐蚀特性研究

目的掌握油气井生产中CO_(2)腐蚀对油套管的影响规律,研究兼顾耐蚀性和经济性的5Cr油套管材料在含Cl^(-)的CO_(2)环境中不同时间下的腐蚀演变规律。方法采用XRD、XPS、SEM和EDS等技术分析5Cr油套管钢在不同时间下腐蚀产物膜的演变情况,利用丝束电极(WBE)和阻抗测试(EIS)技术对其腐蚀电化学行为进行研究。结果5Cr油套管钢腐蚀后期的平均腐蚀速率约为初期的1/2,在腐蚀14 d后,腐蚀产物膜中的Cr富集大于30%,Cr、Fe质量比达到较高水平,约为基体的15倍。随着腐蚀的进行,电荷传递电阻和产物膜覆盖引起的电阻增大,电化学反应阻力增大。在腐蚀前期具有局部不均匀性,随着腐蚀的进行,电极腐蚀电位有负移现象,最终分布区间为−0.59~−0.61 V,电极表面阳极电流区域大幅减少。结论在腐蚀时间延长的条件下,5Cr油套管钢腐蚀产物膜的致密性增加,电荷传递电阻呈变大趋势。在产物膜下的5Cr油套管钢区域,电流发生由阴极向阳极极性转变的现象,产物膜存在的孔隙使5Cr油套管钢基体金属被腐蚀,从而导致阳极电流的出现。表面局部腐蚀电位阳极区的形成和扩展使其有产生点蚀的倾向,但腐蚀产物逐渐沉积在点蚀坑内壁,形成了Cr富集的保护性表面层,原发生点蚀区域由原阳极活性点位转变为阴极区,对其发展起到了抑制作用。

页岩油注CO_(2)重有机质沉积机理的分子模拟

页岩油注CO_(2)过程中的重有机质沉积风险不容忽视,明确页岩油注CO_(2)过程中重有机质沉积的微观作用机理是准确预测重有机质沉积风险的关键。采用平衡分子动力学(EMD)和巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法,基于页岩基质纳米孔隙结构特征,通过建立代表性的有机质孔隙模型,探究了页岩油烃类组分在页岩基质纳米孔隙中的分布规律、影响因素及CO_(2)注入对烃类组分分布规律的影响。模拟结果表明,有机质孔隙中的重质组分主要以吸附态的形式存在,轻质组分主要以游离态的形式分布在孔隙中央区域;CO_(2)注入会抽提页岩油中的轻质组分,破坏胶质—沥青质分子的稳定结构,重有机质分子在芳核结构间的π-π堆积作用下发生缔合、沉积,并最终吸附在页岩基质纳米孔隙壁面。此外,CO_(2)注入会能置换出部分吸附态的甲烷和乙烷,干酪根基质内的微孔空间是主要的CO_(2)地质封存空间。研究结果揭示了页岩油注CO_(2)过程中的重有机质沉积的微观作用机理。

Further discussion of CO_(2) huff-n-puff mechanisms in tight oil reservoirs based on NMR monitored fluids spatial distributions

Due to the poor physical properties of tight reservoirs,CO_(2) huff-n-puff(HNP)is considered a potential enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method after primary depletion.Optimization plays a critical role in the effective implementation of CO_(2) huff-n-puff.But the optimization requires a good understanding of the EOR mechanisms.In this work,the spatial distribution of oil saturation under different experimental conditions was analyzed by the NMR method to further discuss the HNP mechanisms.According to the variation of 1D frequency signal amplitude,we divided the core into the hardly movable area and movable area,the region with the obvious signal decline was defined as the movable area,and the hardly movable area was the region with limited signal decline.Based on that the recovery characteristics of different scenarios were evaluated.Firstly,the necessity of the soaking stage was studied,where three scenarios with different soaking times were carried out.Secondly,the injection pressure was adjusted to investigate the effect of the pressure gradient.The T_(2) spectra show that soaking has significantly improved the production of crude oil in small pores,and higher oil recovery in a single cycle is observed,but it is lower when the elapsed time(total operation time)is the same.31.03% of oil can be recovered after 3 cycles HNP,which increases to 33.8% and 37.06% for the 4 cycles and 6 cycles cases.As the pressure gradient increases,more oil is removed out of the matrix,and the oil in the deep part of the reservoir can be effectively recovered.During the CO_(2) huff-n-puff process,the oil distributions are similar to the solution gas drive,the residual oil is distributed at the close end of the core and the range that the oil can be efficiently recovered is limited.

Reservoir heterogeneity controls of CO_(2)-EOR and storage potentials in residual oil zones:Insights from numerical simulations

Residual oil zones(ROZs)have large potential for CO_(2)enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and geologic storage.During CO_(2)injection,the migration of CO_(2)in ROZs controls the performance of both EOR and storage.However,it has not been clearly visualized and understood that how geological heterogeneity factors control the transport of CO_(2)in ROZs.In this study,the oil recovery performance and geologic storage potential during continuous CO_(2)injection in a representative ROZ are studied based on geostatistical modelling and high-fidelity three-phase flow simulation.We examined the influence of autocorrelation length of permeability,global heterogeneity(DykstraeParsons coefficient),and permeability anisotropy on cumulative oil recovery and CO_(2)retention fraction.Simulation results indicate that,as the permeability autocorrelation length increases,the cumulative oil recovery and CO_(2)storage efficiency decrease.This results from the accelerated migration of CO_(2)along high permeability zones(i.e.,gas channeling).The increase in global heterogeneity and permeability anisotropies can lead to low oil recovery and poor CO_(2)sequestration performance,depending on the degree of CO_(2)channeling.The net utilization ratio of CO_(2)(CO_(2)retained/oil produced)unfavorably increases with both autocorrelation length and Dykstra eParsons coefficient,but decreases with the increase in kv/kh.Such a decrease is attributed to enlarged swept volume induced by gravity override.The study provides important implications for fieldscale CO_(2)EOR and storage applications in ROZs.

Gas channeling control with an in-situ smart surfactant gel during water-alternating-CO_(2) enhanced oil recovery

Undesirable gas channeling always occurs along the high-permeability layers in heterogeneous oil reservoirs during water-alternating-CO_(2)(WAG)flooding,and conventional polymer gels used for blocking the“channeling”paths usually suffer from either low injectivity or poor gelation control.Herein,we for the first time developed an in-situ high-pressure CO_(2)-triggered gel system based on a smart surfactant,N-erucamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine(UC22AMPM),which was introduced into the aqueous slugs to control gas channeling inWAG processes.The water-like,low-viscosity UC22AMPM brine solution can be thickened by high-pressure CO_(2) owing to the formation of wormlike micelles(WLMs),as well as their growth and shear-induced structure buildup under shear flow.The thickening power can be further potentiated by the generation of denser WLMs resulting from either surfactant concentration augmentation or a certain range of heating,and can be impaired via pressurization above the critical pressure of CO_(2) because of its soaring solvent power.Core flooding tests using heterogeneous cores demonstrated that gas channeling was alleviated by plugging of high-capacity channels due to the in-situ gelation of UC22AMPM slugs upon their reaction with the pre-or post-injected CO_(2) slugs under shear flow,thereupon driving chase fluids into unrecovered low-permeability areas and producing an 8.0% higher oil recovery factor than the conventional WAG mode.This smart surfactant enabled high injectivity and satisfactory gelation control,attributable to low initial viscosity and the combined properties of one component and CO_(2)-triggered gelation,respectively.This work could provide a guide towards designing gels for reducing CO_(2) spillover and reinforcing the CO_(2) sequestration effect during CO_(2) enhanced oil recovery processes.

枯竭油气藏储集库储热供暖耦合CO_(2)封存性能分析

利用枯竭油气藏储存热能并封存CO_(2),既可解决太阳能跨季节储热难题,又可扩大可再生能源供暖占比,同时还可提高CO_(2)地质封存的经济性。提出了枯竭油气藏储热供暖耦合CO_(2)封存的新方案,以CO_(2)作为循环工质,夏季吸收太阳热量储存于油气藏背斜构造中,而冬季取出供暖,建立了储释能过程的数学模型,重点分析了枯竭油气藏储能系统热工性能和CO_(2)封存性能。结果表明:(1)新方案储能系统热工性能优异。单井平均采热功率4808.95 kW,每个采暖季可有效利用的平均储热量49859.21 GJ,平均能量储存密度28984.23 kJ/m^(3)。(2)CO_(2)密度对温度敏感的特性降低了热损失,提高了系统效率。枯竭油气藏储能系统平均能量回收效率95.84%,平均热回收效率83.66%。(3)储能加速了CO_(2)溶解。储释能过程中周期性的注入和采出工作气导致气液界面反复膨胀收缩,增加了气水接触面积,提高了传质动力,加速了CO_(2)在水中的溶解。对比储能模式和仅CO_(2)封存模式,CO_(2)溶解比例增量由0.26%上升至2.22%。枯竭油气藏储热供暖耦合CO_(2)封存新方案既有优异的热工性能,又加速了CO_(2)的地质封存,是一种高值化的枯竭油气藏利用和可再生能源供暖方案,具有大规模推广应用的潜力。

CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存在能源行业的应用:全球案例分析和启示

为了实现中国21世纪中叶达到碳中和,大规模应用CO_(2)捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)技术可以减少能源行业的温室气体排放。通过对国内外CCUS技术、项目的调研,得出了关于未来CCUS部署的3个见解,这些见解有助于能源行业实现转型。首先,碳源浓度较低导致碳捕集效率低,从而导致碳捕集的经济成本较高的问题是目前CCUS项目无法商业化的主要因素,在发展当前的碳捕集技术,提高捕集效率和降低捕集成本的同时也应大力研究空气捕集技术,尤其是在工艺设计和新型吸附材料研发方面,争取实现弯道超车;其次,CO_(2)在油气藏和咸水层的封存与利用应当作为CCUS技术研究的重点,逐步实现大规模推广,并在技术升级和体系完善的基础上推广CO_(2)增强地热、煤层气等其他耦合技术;最后,应当在当前国际上较成熟的碳政策的基础上研究适合中国的激励政策,建立有效的法律法规。论文总结了当前CCUS的关键挑战,并为未来的CCUS研究方向提供了指导方向。

响应面法和人工神经网络对亚临界CO_(2)萃取红花籽油的建模与优化

本文旨在寻找有效建模方法以预测亚临界CO_(2)萃取红花籽油的萃取率,优化其萃取工艺条件。以单因素实验为基础,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,研究了萃取压力、分离温度、萃取时间对红花籽油萃取率的影响,并采用响应面法(RSM)和人工神经网络(ANN)两种方法分别对同一实验进行建模分析,通过RSM数值优化、人工神经网络和遗传算法结合(ANN-GA)两种方法优化其工艺条件。结果表明,RSM与ANN两种模型均能较为精准预测,但通过两种模型的决定系数(R^(2))、平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方根误差(RMSE)值比较,得出ANN模型(R^(2)=0.9966)的预测效果较优于RSM模型(R^(2)=0.9950)。ANN-GA确定的最佳萃取条件及萃取率分别为:萃取压力19.04 MPa、分离温度55.50℃、萃取时间134.98 min、萃取率23.52%。综上,RSM和ANN两种方法均可用于亚临界CO_(2)萃取带壳红花籽油的建模与优化,但ANN的预测准确度及拟合能力更为优秀。

CO_(2)响应型β-环糊精材料用于稠油降黏

制备了一种环境友好型马来酸酐改性β-环糊精(MAH-β-CD),温和条件下将其与聚醚胺(JD230)通过静电作用合成了具有CO_(2)响应性的表面活性剂(MJD230)。MJD230能与稠油形成稳定的水包油乳液,进而有效降低溶液的表面张力。在CO_(2)调控下,MJD230可重复用于稠油的乳化降黏和破乳。利用FTIR对MJD230结构进行了表征。通过观察降黏率和乳液粒径优化MJD230的合成条件,同时对降黏效果和乳液的稳定性进行了考察。将在反应温度为60℃,反应时间为60min,MAH-β-CD与JD230物质的量比为2∶1条件下制备的MJD230配成质量分数为0.5%的MJD230水溶液,其与稠油按照体积比为3∶7乳化后,稠油降黏率可达99.19%。反应体系pH和电导率的可逆变化证明了MJD230溶液对CO_(2)的响应性,这为表面活性剂驱油和CO_(2)捕集相结合提高稠油采收率提供了可行的途径。