Background:Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide thus,identification of COAD biomarkers is critical.Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2(MAD2L2)is a key factor in mammalian DNA d...Background:Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide thus,identification of COAD biomarkers is critical.Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2(MAD2L2)is a key factor in mammalian DNA damage repair and is highly expressed in many malignant tumors.This is a comprehensive study of MAD2L2 expression,its diagnostic value,prognostic analysis,potential biological function,and impact on the immune system of patients with COAD.Methods:Gene expression,clinical relevance,prognostic analysis,diagnostic value,GO/KEGG cluster analysis,data obtained from TCGA,and bioinformatics statistical analysis were performed using the R package.Immune responses to MAD2L2 expression in COAD were analyzed using TIMER.The expression of MAD2L2 in HCT116 cells induced by the inflammatory factor TNF-αwas detected using Western blot.Results:Our results underscore the clinical diagnostic value and potential biological significance of MAD2L2 in patients with COAD.A high level of MAD2L2 expression has been found in COAD and correlated with tumor status and colon polyps.ROC curve analysis showed that MAD2L2 expression has high diagnostic value in COAD.Analysis of immune infiltration results showed that MAD2L2 expression was positively correlated with neutrophil levels.The western blot results demonstrated that MAD2L2 was dose-dependently present with TNF-α.GO/KEGG revealed that MAD2L2 overexpressed and coexpressed genes were mostly involved in biological functions,including hypoxia response,response to reduced oxygen levels,mitochondrial translation elongation,and other processes.Conclusion:MAD2L2 as a new COAD biomarker contributes to our understanding of how alterations in gene expression and the immunological environment contribute to the development of colon cancer.Following further investigation,MAD2L2 may prove to be a viable target factor for clinical diagnosis and therapy of COAD.展开更多
Objective Colon cancer is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality,of which adenocarcinoma is the most common type.Numerous studies have found that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are related to the occurrence a...Objective Colon cancer is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality,of which adenocarcinoma is the most common type.Numerous studies have found that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are related to the occurrence and development of colon cancer.Autophagy is a key metabolic process in the human body and has a role in affecting cancer growth.In this study,our aim was to explore the correlation between lncRNAs and colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)from the perspective of autophagy.Methods A series of bioinformatics methods were used to explore the correlation between lncRNA and COAD from the perspective of autophagy.Results Four autophagy-related lncRNAs related to the prognosis of COAD were identified:EB1-AS1,LINC02381,AC011462.4,and AC016876.1.These four lncRNAs may act as oncogenes involved in the occurrence and development of COAD.The prognostic model was established,and the accuracy of the model was verified by the receiver operating characteristic curve.The risk score of the model could independently predict the prognosis of patients and was preferable to other clinical indicators,with higher values indicating a worse prognosis of the patients.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed for these four lncRNAs,which showed that the high expression group of these were enriched in the basal cell carcinoma pathway.To make it more convenient for clinicians to use,we constructed a nomogram based on age and risk score,which can be used to evaluate the one-,three-,and five-year survival rates of patients.Conclusion These results can help us understand the mechanism of action of lncRNA on COAD from the perspective of autophagy and may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of COAD.The EB1-AS1 gene in this study is a potential candidate biological target for COAD treatment in the future.展开更多
Peter Coad是我喜欢的一位面向对象专家和软件创业者。他在上世纪九十年代与人合著了6本关于面向对象软件的分析、设计和编程的书籍，以《面向对象分析》一书中和Yourdon共创的Coad／Yourdon方法而成名。1999年，他创建了TogetherSoft...Peter Coad是我喜欢的一位面向对象专家和软件创业者。他在上世纪九十年代与人合著了6本关于面向对象软件的分析、设计和编程的书籍，以《面向对象分析》一书中和Yourdon共创的Coad／Yourdon方法而成名。1999年，他创建了TogetherSoft公司。2003年，TogetherSoft卖给了Borland公司，他成为了Borland公司的副总裁。展开更多
2°×2° mean monthly COADS grid data in 1974 and 1987 of E1 Nino and La Nina years are used to compute the sensible and latent heat fluxes,the net longwave radiation,the incident solar radiation and heat ...2°×2° mean monthly COADS grid data in 1974 and 1987 of E1 Nino and La Nina years are used to compute the sensible and latent heat fluxes,the net longwave radiation,the incident solar radiation and heat budget on the tropical Pacific surface(30°S—30°N).The difference of the heat budget between El Nino and La Nina mainly occurred on the equatorial ocean surface,especially the water area west of Ecuador and Peru.During El Nino,the sensible and latent heat exchange increased,the net longwave radiation and incident solar radiation decreased and the net gain(loss) of heat reduced(increased) on the ocean surface.During La Nina,the circumstances were opposite.Finally an ideal model of air-sea heat exchange mechanism for the El Nino-La Nina cycle is summarized.展开更多
基金supported by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021BEG03084).
文摘Background:Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide thus,identification of COAD biomarkers is critical.Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2(MAD2L2)is a key factor in mammalian DNA damage repair and is highly expressed in many malignant tumors.This is a comprehensive study of MAD2L2 expression,its diagnostic value,prognostic analysis,potential biological function,and impact on the immune system of patients with COAD.Methods:Gene expression,clinical relevance,prognostic analysis,diagnostic value,GO/KEGG cluster analysis,data obtained from TCGA,and bioinformatics statistical analysis were performed using the R package.Immune responses to MAD2L2 expression in COAD were analyzed using TIMER.The expression of MAD2L2 in HCT116 cells induced by the inflammatory factor TNF-αwas detected using Western blot.Results:Our results underscore the clinical diagnostic value and potential biological significance of MAD2L2 in patients with COAD.A high level of MAD2L2 expression has been found in COAD and correlated with tumor status and colon polyps.ROC curve analysis showed that MAD2L2 expression has high diagnostic value in COAD.Analysis of immune infiltration results showed that MAD2L2 expression was positively correlated with neutrophil levels.The western blot results demonstrated that MAD2L2 was dose-dependently present with TNF-α.GO/KEGG revealed that MAD2L2 overexpressed and coexpressed genes were mostly involved in biological functions,including hypoxia response,response to reduced oxygen levels,mitochondrial translation elongation,and other processes.Conclusion:MAD2L2 as a new COAD biomarker contributes to our understanding of how alterations in gene expression and the immunological environment contribute to the development of colon cancer.Following further investigation,MAD2L2 may prove to be a viable target factor for clinical diagnosis and therapy of COAD.
文摘Objective Colon cancer is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality,of which adenocarcinoma is the most common type.Numerous studies have found that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are related to the occurrence and development of colon cancer.Autophagy is a key metabolic process in the human body and has a role in affecting cancer growth.In this study,our aim was to explore the correlation between lncRNAs and colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)from the perspective of autophagy.Methods A series of bioinformatics methods were used to explore the correlation between lncRNA and COAD from the perspective of autophagy.Results Four autophagy-related lncRNAs related to the prognosis of COAD were identified:EB1-AS1,LINC02381,AC011462.4,and AC016876.1.These four lncRNAs may act as oncogenes involved in the occurrence and development of COAD.The prognostic model was established,and the accuracy of the model was verified by the receiver operating characteristic curve.The risk score of the model could independently predict the prognosis of patients and was preferable to other clinical indicators,with higher values indicating a worse prognosis of the patients.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed for these four lncRNAs,which showed that the high expression group of these were enriched in the basal cell carcinoma pathway.To make it more convenient for clinicians to use,we constructed a nomogram based on age and risk score,which can be used to evaluate the one-,three-,and five-year survival rates of patients.Conclusion These results can help us understand the mechanism of action of lncRNA on COAD from the perspective of autophagy and may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of COAD.The EB1-AS1 gene in this study is a potential candidate biological target for COAD treatment in the future.
文摘2°×2° mean monthly COADS grid data in 1974 and 1987 of E1 Nino and La Nina years are used to compute the sensible and latent heat fluxes,the net longwave radiation,the incident solar radiation and heat budget on the tropical Pacific surface(30°S—30°N).The difference of the heat budget between El Nino and La Nina mainly occurred on the equatorial ocean surface,especially the water area west of Ecuador and Peru.During El Nino,the sensible and latent heat exchange increased,the net longwave radiation and incident solar radiation decreased and the net gain(loss) of heat reduced(increased) on the ocean surface.During La Nina,the circumstances were opposite.Finally an ideal model of air-sea heat exchange mechanism for the El Nino-La Nina cycle is summarized.
