Marx used a completely new proletarian world outlook to construct the main body of the theoretical edifice of property rights. Property rights are the legal form of ownership. As a relationship of legal rights of the ...Marx used a completely new proletarian world outlook to construct the main body of the theoretical edifice of property rights. Property rights are the legal form of ownership. As a relationship of legal rights of the property form, property rights are not only a relationship between two wills which reflects economic relationships but also a product of history, belonging to the category of history and assuming the form of history. Marx made a special effort to study capitalist property relations, that is, on the basis of revealing the opposition between capital and wage labor in the economic field, he sought to describe the value-added process as ownership relations and a process of appropriation in terms of the law and the theory of property rights, involving the integration and separation of various powers such as ownership, right of possession, right of use, right of disposal, right of operation, right of demand and right of inheritance. In this way he proved the class opposition in capitalist property relations and the system of property rights. The changing direction from ＂passive sublation＂ to ＂active sublation＂ revealed by Marx clearly shows the historical inevitability and long-term developmental trend of the substitution of public economic and judicial relations for the capitalist relations of production and system of property rights.展开更多
Payments for ecosystem services(PES) are one kind of important tool for environmental protection, and have been widely studied by international scholars and conservationists. Based various definitions of PES from rece...Payments for ecosystem services(PES) are one kind of important tool for environmental protection, and have been widely studied by international scholars and conservationists. Based various definitions of PES from recent articles, we have outlined four principles for PES: parity, measurability, additionality and conditionality, and then have used these principles to develop a formula to calculate a standard for PES. Finding a way to use PES to achieve a win-win relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region(BTHR) is a key task for Chinese government. Synergetic development of BTHR has become a national strategy, like The Belt and Road Initiative. This article employed the formula we developed to calculate the net horizontal PES amounts that each provincial government within BTHR should pay. Our findings show that Beijing should have paid 10.44×10~9 Yuan(0.4% of Beijing’s GRP) and Tianjin 16.56×109 Yuan(0.93% of Tianjin’s GRP) to Hebei in 2016.展开更多
The Coase theorem claims that as long as property rights are clearly defined, the allocation of resources can be optimized through free transactions. The authoritative nature of this claim means that its application i...The Coase theorem claims that as long as property rights are clearly defined, the allocation of resources can be optimized through free transactions. The authoritative nature of this claim means that its application in the field of intellectual property has seldom been questioned. Starting from an analysis of the characteristics of intellectual property, this article analyzes the applicability of the Coase theorem＇s black box theory of property rights, the welfare principle implied in the theorem and the effect of equitable knowledge dissemination. It seeks to reveal the shortcomings of the establishment and implementation of an intellectual property regime based completely on the Coase theorem so as to seek a new theoretical foundation for the optimization of intellectual property allocation.展开更多
文摘Marx used a completely new proletarian world outlook to construct the main body of the theoretical edifice of property rights. Property rights are the legal form of ownership. As a relationship of legal rights of the property form, property rights are not only a relationship between two wills which reflects economic relationships but also a product of history, belonging to the category of history and assuming the form of history. Marx made a special effort to study capitalist property relations, that is, on the basis of revealing the opposition between capital and wage labor in the economic field, he sought to describe the value-added process as ownership relations and a process of appropriation in terms of the law and the theory of property rights, involving the integration and separation of various powers such as ownership, right of possession, right of use, right of disposal, right of operation, right of demand and right of inheritance. In this way he proved the class opposition in capitalist property relations and the system of property rights. The changing direction from ＂passive sublation＂ to ＂active sublation＂ revealed by Marx clearly shows the historical inevitability and long-term developmental trend of the substitution of public economic and judicial relations for the capitalist relations of production and system of property rights.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19030104)National Key Research and Development Programme of China(2017 YFA0603004)
文摘Payments for ecosystem services(PES) are one kind of important tool for environmental protection, and have been widely studied by international scholars and conservationists. Based various definitions of PES from recent articles, we have outlined four principles for PES: parity, measurability, additionality and conditionality, and then have used these principles to develop a formula to calculate a standard for PES. Finding a way to use PES to achieve a win-win relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region(BTHR) is a key task for Chinese government. Synergetic development of BTHR has become a national strategy, like The Belt and Road Initiative. This article employed the formula we developed to calculate the net horizontal PES amounts that each provincial government within BTHR should pay. Our findings show that Beijing should have paid 10.44×10~9 Yuan(0.4% of Beijing’s GRP) and Tianjin 16.56×109 Yuan(0.93% of Tianjin’s GRP) to Hebei in 2016.
基金a partial outcome of the research project "Research on Carrying out the Scientific Outlook on Development and Applying an Intellectual Property Strategy" (No.:08@zh003) sponsored by the National Social Sciences Fund
文摘The Coase theorem claims that as long as property rights are clearly defined, the allocation of resources can be optimized through free transactions. The authoritative nature of this claim means that its application in the field of intellectual property has seldom been questioned. Starting from an analysis of the characteristics of intellectual property, this article analyzes the applicability of the Coase theorem＇s black box theory of property rights, the welfare principle implied in the theorem and the effect of equitable knowledge dissemination. It seeks to reveal the shortcomings of the establishment and implementation of an intellectual property regime based completely on the Coase theorem so as to seek a new theoretical foundation for the optimization of intellectual property allocation.
