Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity amputation.Neuropathy,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common under...Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity amputation.Neuropathy,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common underlying causes.Around 15%of diabetic patients are affected by diabetic foot ulcer in their lifetime.64 million people are affected by diabetics in India and 40000 amputations are done every year.Foot ulcers are evaluated and classified in a systematic and thorough manner to assist in determining the best course of therapy.This paper proposes a novel model which predicts the threat of diabetic foot ulcer using independent agents for various input values and a combination of fuzzy expert systems.The proposed model uses a classification system to distinguish between each fuzzy framework and its parameters.Based on the severity levels necessary prevention,treatment,and medication are recommended.Combining the results of all the fuzzy frameworks derived from its constituent parameters,a risk-specific medication is recommended.The work also has higher accuracy when compared to other related models.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood...Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion,decreased activity of insulin,or both.Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems,retinopathy,neuropathy,nephropathy,and vascular alterations in both macro-and micro-blood vessels.In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis,identifying targets,and reviewing novel treatment options and medications.Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences.The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models,such as rodent models,chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan,and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals.Other models include virally induced models,diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals,surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models,and non-obese models.Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine(pig),canine(dog),nonhuman primate,and Zebrafish models are also outlined.The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets,human stem cells,and organoid cultures.The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition ofα-glucosidase activity.展开更多
目的探讨维生素K缺乏或拮抗剂诱导的蛋白质(protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ,PIVKA-Ⅱ)、甲胎蛋白(α-fetoprotein,AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体L3(α-fetoprotein heterogeneity-L3,AFP-L3)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryoni...目的探讨维生素K缺乏或拮抗剂诱导的蛋白质(protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ,PIVKA-Ⅱ)、甲胎蛋白(α-fetoprotein,AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体L3(α-fetoprotein heterogeneity-L3,AFP-L3)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)及不同组合模式在转移性肝细胞癌诊断中的应用及评分模型的构建。方法收集2019年1月至2022年7月我院283例肺癌、肠癌患者的血清,根据是否发生肝转移分为试验组(发生肝转移,n=70)和对照组(未发生肝转移,n=213),检测血清肿瘤标记物PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3、CEA的水平。比较各指标及其不同组合对转移性肝细胞癌筛查的敏感度、特异度,并绘制ROC曲线。通过单因素和多因素分析转移性肝细胞癌的独立影响因素,建立转移性细胞癌预测模型并验证。结果与对照组相比,试验组患者PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3、CEA的水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在结肠息肉、脂肪肝、肿瘤大小、阳性淋巴结数目等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3、CEA、患有结肠息肉、脂肪肝、肿瘤≥5 cm、有阳性淋巴结是转移性肝细胞癌的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。在不同的组合指标中,PIVKA-Ⅱ+AFP+AFP-L3+CEA组合在敏感度和特异度等参数之间可达到相对最佳的平衡。对进入回归方程的指标进行风险评分,其中患有结肠息肉、患有脂肪肝、肿瘤大小≥5 cm、PIVKA-Ⅱ≥40 mAU/mL、AFP≥8.3 ng/mL、AFP-L3≥10%、CEA≥5.7 ng/mL七项指标分别设定为2、2、2、3、3、1.5、3.5分。总分在1.5~17分,根据百分位数进行评分分级,低危组<7分,中危组7~12.5分,高危组>12.5分,结果显示随着评分增加,转移性肝细胞癌风险增加。结论PIVKA-Ⅱ+AFP+AFP-L3+CEA组合在敏感度和特异度等参数之间可达到相对最佳的平衡,依据转移性肝细胞癌风险预测模型制定的评分标准有良好的预测性。展开更多
Objective： Recent studies have shown that the local expression of soluble interleukin （IL） -1 receptor type Ⅱ （slL-1 R Ⅱ ） in endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis is decreased, and the depression of I...Objective： Recent studies have shown that the local expression of soluble interleukin （IL） -1 receptor type Ⅱ （slL-1 R Ⅱ ） in endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis is decreased, and the depression of IL-1 R Ⅱ was more significant in infertile women than that in fertile women with endometriosis. In this research, we investigated the remedial effect of slL-1-R Ⅱ administration on endometriosis in the nude mouse model. Methods： Nineteen nude model mice with endometriosis were randomly divided into three groups： group A was treated by intraperitoneal administration with only slL-1 R Ⅱ for two weeks, group B was similarly treated with only IL- 1, and group C （control） was administered saline. After 2 weeks, the size of the ectopic endometrial lesions was calculated, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2 （Bcl- 2） were detected by immunohistochemistry. The IL-8 and VEGF levels in the peritoneal fluid （PF） and serum were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： The mean size of ectopic endometrial lesion did not differ between the three groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control, the expression of VEGF and Bcl-2 was significantly lower in group A, and higher in group B. In the three groups, the levels of IL-8 in the PF and serum were highest in group A, and lowest in group B. Conclusion： slL-1 R Ⅱ may suppresse hyperplasia of ectopic endometriosis, perhaps by reducing the expression of certain cytokines, such as VEGF, IL-8, and Bcl-2, which could provide a new clinical strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.展开更多
文摘Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity amputation.Neuropathy,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common underlying causes.Around 15%of diabetic patients are affected by diabetic foot ulcer in their lifetime.64 million people are affected by diabetics in India and 40000 amputations are done every year.Foot ulcers are evaluated and classified in a systematic and thorough manner to assist in determining the best course of therapy.This paper proposes a novel model which predicts the threat of diabetic foot ulcer using independent agents for various input values and a combination of fuzzy expert systems.The proposed model uses a classification system to distinguish between each fuzzy framework and its parameters.Based on the severity levels necessary prevention,treatment,and medication are recommended.Combining the results of all the fuzzy frameworks derived from its constituent parameters,a risk-specific medication is recommended.The work also has higher accuracy when compared to other related models.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion,decreased activity of insulin,or both.Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems,retinopathy,neuropathy,nephropathy,and vascular alterations in both macro-and micro-blood vessels.In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis,identifying targets,and reviewing novel treatment options and medications.Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences.The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models,such as rodent models,chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan,and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals.Other models include virally induced models,diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals,surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models,and non-obese models.Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine(pig),canine(dog),nonhuman primate,and Zebrafish models are also outlined.The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets,human stem cells,and organoid cultures.The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition ofα-glucosidase activity.
文摘目的探讨维生素K缺乏或拮抗剂诱导的蛋白质(protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱ,PIVKA-Ⅱ)、甲胎蛋白(α-fetoprotein,AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体L3(α-fetoprotein heterogeneity-L3,AFP-L3)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)及不同组合模式在转移性肝细胞癌诊断中的应用及评分模型的构建。方法收集2019年1月至2022年7月我院283例肺癌、肠癌患者的血清,根据是否发生肝转移分为试验组(发生肝转移,n=70)和对照组(未发生肝转移,n=213),检测血清肿瘤标记物PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3、CEA的水平。比较各指标及其不同组合对转移性肝细胞癌筛查的敏感度、特异度,并绘制ROC曲线。通过单因素和多因素分析转移性肝细胞癌的独立影响因素,建立转移性细胞癌预测模型并验证。结果与对照组相比,试验组患者PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3、CEA的水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在结肠息肉、脂肪肝、肿瘤大小、阳性淋巴结数目等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3、CEA、患有结肠息肉、脂肪肝、肿瘤≥5 cm、有阳性淋巴结是转移性肝细胞癌的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。在不同的组合指标中,PIVKA-Ⅱ+AFP+AFP-L3+CEA组合在敏感度和特异度等参数之间可达到相对最佳的平衡。对进入回归方程的指标进行风险评分,其中患有结肠息肉、患有脂肪肝、肿瘤大小≥5 cm、PIVKA-Ⅱ≥40 mAU/mL、AFP≥8.3 ng/mL、AFP-L3≥10%、CEA≥5.7 ng/mL七项指标分别设定为2、2、2、3、3、1.5、3.5分。总分在1.5~17分,根据百分位数进行评分分级,低危组<7分,中危组7~12.5分,高危组>12.5分,结果显示随着评分增加,转移性肝细胞癌风险增加。结论PIVKA-Ⅱ+AFP+AFP-L3+CEA组合在敏感度和特异度等参数之间可达到相对最佳的平衡,依据转移性肝细胞癌风险预测模型制定的评分标准有良好的预测性。
基金supported by funding from Innovative Research Team in Nanjing Medical University(IRT0631)the collaborating Grants(30611120524)
文摘Objective： Recent studies have shown that the local expression of soluble interleukin （IL） -1 receptor type Ⅱ （slL-1 R Ⅱ ） in endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis is decreased, and the depression of IL-1 R Ⅱ was more significant in infertile women than that in fertile women with endometriosis. In this research, we investigated the remedial effect of slL-1-R Ⅱ administration on endometriosis in the nude mouse model. Methods： Nineteen nude model mice with endometriosis were randomly divided into three groups： group A was treated by intraperitoneal administration with only slL-1 R Ⅱ for two weeks, group B was similarly treated with only IL- 1, and group C （control） was administered saline. After 2 weeks, the size of the ectopic endometrial lesions was calculated, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2 （Bcl- 2） were detected by immunohistochemistry. The IL-8 and VEGF levels in the peritoneal fluid （PF） and serum were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： The mean size of ectopic endometrial lesion did not differ between the three groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control, the expression of VEGF and Bcl-2 was significantly lower in group A, and higher in group B. In the three groups, the levels of IL-8 in the PF and serum were highest in group A, and lowest in group B. Conclusion： slL-1 R Ⅱ may suppresse hyperplasia of ectopic endometriosis, perhaps by reducing the expression of certain cytokines, such as VEGF, IL-8, and Bcl-2, which could provide a new clinical strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.
