The electrochemical treatment of COD contained in biologically pretreated coking wastewater treated by a three-dimensional electrode system with modified coke as the particle electrode was investigated. And the electr...The electrochemical treatment of COD contained in biologically pretreated coking wastewater treated by a three-dimensional electrode system with modified coke as the particle electrode was investigated. And the electrochemical perromance of the coke modified with various active components was studied. The results show that the coke modified with Fe（NO3）2 has the lowest energy consumption and higher COD removal rate under the same condition, and the modified coke has better surface characteristics for the purpose of this study. In addition, the kinetic constant was also calculated. The study shows that the three-dimensional electrode system with Fe （NO3）z-modified coke can give a satisfactory solution in biologically pretreated coking wastewater.展开更多
In order to investigate the change of ecological characteristics due to the decrease of COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio during sulfate reduction, continuous-flew tests were conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor with...In order to investigate the change of ecological characteristics due to the decrease of COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio during sulfate reduction, continuous-flew tests were conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium snlfate as electron acceptor, and the change of pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), volatile fat acids (VFAs), alkalinity (ALK) and the predominant populations with COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio decreasing from 4.2 to 2.0 were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that, with decreasing COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio, ORP and ALK increased, pH value decreased, and the proportion of acetic acid in terminal products decreased significantly, and a stable -type microbial community with high COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio was converted into a sub -stable -type one with low COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio.展开更多
The main objective of this research was to study the removal of turbidity and COD （chemical oxygen demand） from a synthetic water sample. The water sample was treated chemically by coagulation. Two inorganic coagula...The main objective of this research was to study the removal of turbidity and COD （chemical oxygen demand） from a synthetic water sample. The water sample was treated chemically by coagulation. Two inorganic coagulants were used, ferric chloride and the double salt potassium-aluminium sulphate. The optimum coagulant dosage and working pH were examined. The results for ferric chloride as coagulant showed that the maximum removal efficiency （%） of COD was achieved at pH 6 with a dosage of 100 mg-L-1 and the maximum removal efficiency （%） of turbidity at pH 5 with a dosage of 500 mg.L-1. For double salt, as coagulant, the maximum removal efficiencies （%） of COD and turbidity were achieved at pH 6 with a dosage of 3,500 mg.L-1. An extensive comparison with results from previous studies was also described in this research.展开更多
The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four objectives： （1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a better dewaterabil...The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four objectives： （1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a better dewaterability; （3） provoke a release of COD from the biosolids, preferably transformed into biodegradable organics and （4） possibly destroy the filamentous micro-organisms responsible for sludge bulking. The experiments are carried out in a batch reactor of volume up to 2.3L. The ultrasonic apparatus consisted of a generator, a converter and a sonotrode, supplied by Alpha Ultrasonics under the brand name of Telsonic. Three different sludge kinds were tested, at approximate concentration （DS/WAS） between 3.5 and 20g·L^-1. The release of COD from the WAS-phase into the filtrate phase is a function of the specific energy-input SE with yields of about 30% achievable at SE-values of 30000 kJ·kg^-1. A major fraction of the COD is transformed into biodegradable organics （BOD）. The reduction of DS-fraction of the sludge is equivalent to the COD-release rates. Although the dry solids content （DS） is reduced, the dewaterability of the sludge is not improved. This reflects itself in a slightly decreased dryness of the filter cake using vacuum filtration, and in increased values of the capillary suction time （CST）. This more difficult dewaterability is the result of considerably reduced floc sizes, offering an extended surface area. More surface water is bound （CST increases） and the filterability decreases due to clogging of the cake. To reach the same dryness as the untreated cake, the required dosage of poly-electrolyte increases proportionally with the level of ultrasound energy supplied. The ultrasonic reduction of filamentous WAS organisms is not conclusive and very little effect is seen at low intensities and short treatment durations. Microscopic analysis of the WAS identified the dominant presence of Actynomyces. Especially the release of COD and its transformation into BOD certainly merit further research.展开更多
Phenol degradation in photochemically enhanced Fenton process was investigated in this work. UV-VIS spectra of phenol degradation showed the difference between photo-Fenton process and UV/H2O2, which is a typical hydr...Phenol degradation in photochemically enhanced Fenton process was investigated in this work. UV-VIS spectra of phenol degradation showed the difference between photo-Fenton process and UV/H2O2, which is a typical hydroxyl radical process. A possible pathway diagram for phenol degradation in photo-Fenton process was proposed, and a mathematical model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was developed. Operating parameters such as dosage of H2O2 and ferrous ions, pH, suitable carrier gas were found to impact the removal of COD significantly. The results and analysis of kinetic parameters calculated from the kinetic model showed that complex degradation of phenol was the main pathway for removal of COD: while hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in the photo-Fenton degradation of phenol.展开更多
Large amounts of ammonium and a low content of biodegradable chemical oxygen demand（COD） are contained in leachate from aged landfills, together with the effluent containing high concentration of nitric nitrogen aft...Large amounts of ammonium and a low content of biodegradable chemical oxygen demand（COD） are contained in leachate from aged landfills, together with the effluent containing high concentration of nitric nitrogen after biochemical treatment. Treatment effect of anaerobic ammonium oxidation （anammox） process on the mixture of the leachate and its biochemical effluent was investigated. The results show that the average removal efficiencies of ammonium, nitric nitrogen and total nitrogen are 87.51%, 74.95% and 79.59%, respectively, corresponding to the average ratio of removed nitric nitrogen to ammonium, i.e. 1.14 during the steady phase of anammox activity. The mean removal efficiency of COD is only 24.01% during the experimental period. Thc,dcmand of total phosphorous for the anammox process is unobvious. Especially, the alkalinity and pH value of the effluent are close to those of the inftuent during the steady phase of anammox activity. In addition, it is demonstrated that the status of the anammox bioreactor can be indicated by the alkalinity and pH value during the course of the experiment. The anammox bioreactor has shown potential for nitrogen removal in the leachate mixture. However, COD and total phosphorous in the leachate mixture need further treatment for removal efficiencies of COD and total phosphorous are not good in the anammox bioreactor.展开更多
A laboratory scale up-flow biological activated carbon(BAC) reactor was constructed for the advanced treatment of synthetic flotation wastewater. Biodegradation of a common collector(i.e., ethyl xanthate) for non-ferr...A laboratory scale up-flow biological activated carbon(BAC) reactor was constructed for the advanced treatment of synthetic flotation wastewater. Biodegradation of a common collector(i.e., ethyl xanthate) for non-ferrous metallic ore flotation was evaluated. The results show that the two stages of domestication can improve microbial degradation ability. The BAC reactor obtains a chemical oxygen demand(COD) reduction rate of 82.5% for ethyl xanthate and its effluent COD concentration lowers to below 20 mg/L. The kinetics equation of the BAC reactor proves that the activated carbon layers at the height of 0 mm to 70 mm play a key role in the removal of flotation reagents. Ultraviolet spectral analysis indicates that most of the ethyl xanthate are degraded by microorganisms after advanced treatment by the BAC reactor.展开更多
The integrated high gravity-ultrasonic/ozonation/electrolysis technology was applied in the pretreatment of wastewater containing nitrobenzene. The effect ofpH value, high gravity factor, liquid flow-rate and electric...The integrated high gravity-ultrasonic/ozonation/electrolysis technology was applied in the pretreatment of wastewater containing nitrobenzene. The effect ofpH value, high gravity factor, liquid flow-rate and electric current density on removal of COD and nitrobenzene compounds was investigated. Experimental results have determined the optimal pro- cess regime involving a high gravity factor of 100, an electric current density of 20 mA/cm2, a liquid flow-rate of 100 L/h, and an initial liquid pH value of 11. After the wastewater had been treated for 180 rain, the degradation of nitrobenzene and COD reached 99% and 80%, respectively, with the biochemical coefficient （BOD/COD） equating to 0.64, and the subse- quent treatment of wastewater could be carried out by conventional biochemical means. Compared with traditional aeration- ozone contactors, a rotating packed bed with high mass transfer characteristics could be used to increase the ozonation treat- ment efficiency.展开更多
Based on the hypothesis of reducing sludge production under cryptic growth conditions, ozone was used as cell lysis agent to treat excess sludge,and then the ozonated supernatant was returned to the aeration tank. The...Based on the hypothesis of reducing sludge production under cryptic growth conditions, ozone was used as cell lysis agent to treat excess sludge,and then the ozonated supernatant was returned to the aeration tank. The results show that COD and NH+4-N removal efficiencies in ozonation process were 87.96% and 84.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, a low excess sludge yield coefficient of 0. 113 ( g SS/g COD removed) was obtained. Compared with that of the control test, the process configuration decreased the excess sludge production by 51.3%.展开更多
Wastewater with high NH_4^+-N is difficult to treat by traditional methods.So in this paper,a wild strain of photosynthetic bacteria was used for high NH_4^+-N wastewater treatment together with biomass recovery.Isola...Wastewater with high NH_4^+-N is difficult to treat by traditional methods.So in this paper,a wild strain of photosynthetic bacteria was used for high NH_4^+-N wastewater treatment together with biomass recovery.Isolation,identification,and characterization of the microorganism were carried out.The strain was inoculated to the biological wastewater treatment unit.The impacts of important factors were examined,including temperature,dissolved oxygen,and light intensity.Results showed that photosynthetic bacteria could effectively treat high NH_4^+-N wastewater.For wastewater with NH_4^+-N of 2300 mg·L^(-1),COD/N=1.0,98.3%of COD was removed,and cell concentration increased by 43 times.The optimal conditions for the strain's cell growth and wastewater treatment were 30℃,dissolved oxygen of 0.5-1.5 mg·L^(-1) and a light intensity of 4000 lx.Photosynthetic bacteria could bear a lower C/N ratio than bacteria in a traditional wastewater treatment process,but the NH_4^+-N removal was only 20%-40%because small molecule carbon source was used prior to NH_4^+-N.Also,the use of photosynthetic bacteria in chicken manure wastewater containing NH4+-N about 7000 mg·L^(-1) proved that photosynthetic bacteria could remove NH_4^+-N in a real case,finally,83.2%of NH_4^+-N was removed and 66.3%of COD was removed.展开更多
In this study low-concentration wastewater was investigated in the integral two-phase anaerobic baffled reactor by determining the removal of COD at various HRT,reflex ratios,and temperatures. Results indicate that th...In this study low-concentration wastewater was investigated in the integral two-phase anaerobic baffled reactor by determining the removal of COD at various HRT,reflex ratios,and temperatures. Results indicate that the removal efficiency of COD is more than 90% at 25 ℃ and 10-h HRT with no wastewater recycled,and the removal efficiency is up to 88% at 8-h HRT and reflex ratio of 150%. The removal efficiency is decreased with the decreasing temperature and HRT. The removal efficiency of COD is approximately 60% at 10 ℃,which proves that the temperature does not affect it apparently. This research has significance for reducing the cost of wastewater and sludge treatment in cold area.展开更多
文摘The electrochemical treatment of COD contained in biologically pretreated coking wastewater treated by a three-dimensional electrode system with modified coke as the particle electrode was investigated. And the electrochemical perromance of the coke modified with various active components was studied. The results show that the coke modified with Fe（NO3）2 has the lowest energy consumption and higher COD removal rate under the same condition, and the modified coke has better surface characteristics for the purpose of this study. In addition, the kinetic constant was also calculated. The study shows that the three-dimensional electrode system with Fe （NO3）z-modified coke can give a satisfactory solution in biologically pretreated coking wastewater.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50208006)the Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No. HIT. 2001.51)
文摘In order to investigate the change of ecological characteristics due to the decrease of COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio during sulfate reduction, continuous-flew tests were conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium snlfate as electron acceptor, and the change of pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), volatile fat acids (VFAs), alkalinity (ALK) and the predominant populations with COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio decreasing from 4.2 to 2.0 were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that, with decreasing COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio, ORP and ALK increased, pH value decreased, and the proportion of acetic acid in terminal products decreased significantly, and a stable -type microbial community with high COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio was converted into a sub -stable -type one with low COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio.
文摘The main objective of this research was to study the removal of turbidity and COD （chemical oxygen demand） from a synthetic water sample. The water sample was treated chemically by coagulation. Two inorganic coagulants were used, ferric chloride and the double salt potassium-aluminium sulphate. The optimum coagulant dosage and working pH were examined. The results for ferric chloride as coagulant showed that the maximum removal efficiency （%） of COD was achieved at pH 6 with a dosage of 100 mg-L-1 and the maximum removal efficiency （%） of turbidity at pH 5 with a dosage of 500 mg.L-1. For double salt, as coagulant, the maximum removal efficiencies （%） of COD and turbidity were achieved at pH 6 with a dosage of 3,500 mg.L-1. An extensive comparison with results from previous studies was also described in this research.
文摘The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four objectives： （1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a better dewaterability; （3） provoke a release of COD from the biosolids, preferably transformed into biodegradable organics and （4） possibly destroy the filamentous micro-organisms responsible for sludge bulking. The experiments are carried out in a batch reactor of volume up to 2.3L. The ultrasonic apparatus consisted of a generator, a converter and a sonotrode, supplied by Alpha Ultrasonics under the brand name of Telsonic. Three different sludge kinds were tested, at approximate concentration （DS/WAS） between 3.5 and 20g·L^-1. The release of COD from the WAS-phase into the filtrate phase is a function of the specific energy-input SE with yields of about 30% achievable at SE-values of 30000 kJ·kg^-1. A major fraction of the COD is transformed into biodegradable organics （BOD）. The reduction of DS-fraction of the sludge is equivalent to the COD-release rates. Although the dry solids content （DS） is reduced, the dewaterability of the sludge is not improved. This reflects itself in a slightly decreased dryness of the filter cake using vacuum filtration, and in increased values of the capillary suction time （CST）. This more difficult dewaterability is the result of considerably reduced floc sizes, offering an extended surface area. More surface water is bound （CST increases） and the filterability decreases due to clogging of the cake. To reach the same dryness as the untreated cake, the required dosage of poly-electrolyte increases proportionally with the level of ultrasound energy supplied. The ultrasonic reduction of filamentous WAS organisms is not conclusive and very little effect is seen at low intensities and short treatment durations. Microscopic analysis of the WAS identified the dominant presence of Actynomyces. Especially the release of COD and its transformation into BOD certainly merit further research.
文摘Phenol degradation in photochemically enhanced Fenton process was investigated in this work. UV-VIS spectra of phenol degradation showed the difference between photo-Fenton process and UV/H2O2, which is a typical hydroxyl radical process. A possible pathway diagram for phenol degradation in photo-Fenton process was proposed, and a mathematical model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was developed. Operating parameters such as dosage of H2O2 and ferrous ions, pH, suitable carrier gas were found to impact the removal of COD significantly. The results and analysis of kinetic parameters calculated from the kinetic model showed that complex degradation of phenol was the main pathway for removal of COD: while hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in the photo-Fenton degradation of phenol.
基金Project (20377013) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project (020959) supported by Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province
文摘Large amounts of ammonium and a low content of biodegradable chemical oxygen demand（COD） are contained in leachate from aged landfills, together with the effluent containing high concentration of nitric nitrogen after biochemical treatment. Treatment effect of anaerobic ammonium oxidation （anammox） process on the mixture of the leachate and its biochemical effluent was investigated. The results show that the average removal efficiencies of ammonium, nitric nitrogen and total nitrogen are 87.51%, 74.95% and 79.59%, respectively, corresponding to the average ratio of removed nitric nitrogen to ammonium, i.e. 1.14 during the steady phase of anammox activity. The mean removal efficiency of COD is only 24.01% during the experimental period. Thc,dcmand of total phosphorous for the anammox process is unobvious. Especially, the alkalinity and pH value of the effluent are close to those of the inftuent during the steady phase of anammox activity. In addition, it is demonstrated that the status of the anammox bioreactor can be indicated by the alkalinity and pH value during the course of the experiment. The anammox bioreactor has shown potential for nitrogen removal in the leachate mixture. However, COD and total phosphorous in the leachate mixture need further treatment for removal efficiencies of COD and total phosphorous are not good in the anammox bioreactor.
基金Project(201209013)supported by Special Fund for Environmental Scientific Research in the Public Interest,China
文摘A laboratory scale up-flow biological activated carbon(BAC) reactor was constructed for the advanced treatment of synthetic flotation wastewater. Biodegradation of a common collector(i.e., ethyl xanthate) for non-ferrous metallic ore flotation was evaluated. The results show that the two stages of domestication can improve microbial degradation ability. The BAC reactor obtains a chemical oxygen demand(COD) reduction rate of 82.5% for ethyl xanthate and its effluent COD concentration lowers to below 20 mg/L. The kinetics equation of the BAC reactor proves that the activated carbon layers at the height of 0 mm to 70 mm play a key role in the removal of flotation reagents. Ultraviolet spectral analysis indicates that most of the ethyl xanthate are degraded by microorganisms after advanced treatment by the BAC reactor.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 21206153)the Science and Science and Technology Development Program of Taiyuan Municipal Government (No. 120164053) for financial support
文摘The integrated high gravity-ultrasonic/ozonation/electrolysis technology was applied in the pretreatment of wastewater containing nitrobenzene. The effect ofpH value, high gravity factor, liquid flow-rate and electric current density on removal of COD and nitrobenzene compounds was investigated. Experimental results have determined the optimal pro- cess regime involving a high gravity factor of 100, an electric current density of 20 mA/cm2, a liquid flow-rate of 100 L/h, and an initial liquid pH value of 11. After the wastewater had been treated for 180 rain, the degradation of nitrobenzene and COD reached 99% and 80%, respectively, with the biochemical coefficient （BOD/COD） equating to 0.64, and the subse- quent treatment of wastewater could be carried out by conventional biochemical means. Compared with traditional aeration- ozone contactors, a rotating packed bed with high mass transfer characteristics could be used to increase the ozonation treat- ment efficiency.
文摘Based on the hypothesis of reducing sludge production under cryptic growth conditions, ozone was used as cell lysis agent to treat excess sludge,and then the ozonated supernatant was returned to the aeration tank. The results show that COD and NH+4-N removal efficiencies in ozonation process were 87.96% and 84.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, a low excess sludge yield coefficient of 0. 113 ( g SS/g COD removed) was obtained. Compared with that of the control test, the process configuration decreased the excess sludge production by 51.3%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51278489)
文摘Wastewater with high NH_4^+-N is difficult to treat by traditional methods.So in this paper,a wild strain of photosynthetic bacteria was used for high NH_4^+-N wastewater treatment together with biomass recovery.Isolation,identification,and characterization of the microorganism were carried out.The strain was inoculated to the biological wastewater treatment unit.The impacts of important factors were examined,including temperature,dissolved oxygen,and light intensity.Results showed that photosynthetic bacteria could effectively treat high NH_4^+-N wastewater.For wastewater with NH_4^+-N of 2300 mg·L^(-1),COD/N=1.0,98.3%of COD was removed,and cell concentration increased by 43 times.The optimal conditions for the strain's cell growth and wastewater treatment were 30℃,dissolved oxygen of 0.5-1.5 mg·L^(-1) and a light intensity of 4000 lx.Photosynthetic bacteria could bear a lower C/N ratio than bacteria in a traditional wastewater treatment process,but the NH_4^+-N removal was only 20%-40%because small molecule carbon source was used prior to NH_4^+-N.Also,the use of photosynthetic bacteria in chicken manure wastewater containing NH4+-N about 7000 mg·L^(-1) proved that photosynthetic bacteria could remove NH_4^+-N in a real case,finally,83.2%of NH_4^+-N was removed and 66.3%of COD was removed.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50778080)China's Jilin Province Office of Education(Grant No.200696)Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.03034)
文摘In this study low-concentration wastewater was investigated in the integral two-phase anaerobic baffled reactor by determining the removal of COD at various HRT,reflex ratios,and temperatures. Results indicate that the removal efficiency of COD is more than 90% at 25 ℃ and 10-h HRT with no wastewater recycled,and the removal efficiency is up to 88% at 8-h HRT and reflex ratio of 150%. The removal efficiency is decreased with the decreasing temperature and HRT. The removal efficiency of COD is approximately 60% at 10 ℃,which proves that the temperature does not affect it apparently. This research has significance for reducing the cost of wastewater and sludge treatment in cold area.
