Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology

Coix seed is a dry and mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen(Roman.)Stapf in the Gramineae family.Coix seed has a sweet,light taste,and a cool nature.Coix seed enters the spleen,stomach,and lung meridians.It has the effects of promoting diuresis and dampness,strengthening the spleen to prevent diarrhea,removing arthralgia,expelling pus,and detoxifying and dispersing nodules.It is used for the treatment of edema,athlete's foot,poor urination,spleen deficiency and diarrhea,dampness and obstruction,lung carbuncle,intestinal carbuncle,verruca,and cancer.The medicinal and health value is high,and it has been included in the list of medicinal and food sources in China,which has a large development and application space.This article reviews the current research achievements in the processing methods and anti-tumor activities of Coix seed and provides examples of its clinical application in ancient and modern times,aiming to provide reference for further research on Coix seed and contribute to its clinical application and development.Through the analysis of the traditional Chinese patent medicines,and simple preparations and related health food of Coix seed queried by Yaozhi.com,the source,function,and dosage form of Coix seed were comprehensively analyzed,with a view of providing a reference for the development of Coix seed medicine and food.

Anti-lipid-oxidation effects and edible safety evaluation of the oil extracted by a supercritical CO_(2) process from coix seed fermented by Monascus purpureus

The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.

Screening and Analysis of Germplasm Resources of Wild Coix lacryma-jobi L. with High Content of Coixin

[Objectives] To screen and analyze germplasm resources of wild Coix lacryma-jobi L. with high content of coixin. [Methods] From the 150 kinds of collected wild C. lacryma-jobi L. germplasm resources, 24 kinds of excellent resources were screened and detected. Morphological statistics were carried out, and the content of coixin in the four organ of roots, stems, leaves and seeds were measured, and the approved cultivar white husk Liugu of C. lacryma-jobi L. was taking as the control. [Results] Among the organs of the plant of C. lacryma-jobi L., the roots had the highest content of coixin, so the roots of C. lacryma-jobi L. can be used as the medicinal parts of C. lacryma-jobi L. [Conclusions] The wild C. lacryma-jobi L.Y229, Y164, Y166, Y83, and Y84 stains had excellent yield, and their root coixin content was significantly higher than that of the control variety, so they can be used for cultivation as excellent germplasm, so as to obtain new variety(line) of C. lacryma-jobi L.with higher content of coixin.

薏苡属(CoixL.)2种1变种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系的初步分析

利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,检测了薏苡属(CoixL.)2种1变种:薏苡(CoixlacrymajobiL.)6个居群、念珠薏苡(C.lacrymajobivar.maximaMakino)3个居群和薏米(C.chinensisTod.)2个居群共11个居群5个酶系统6个位点上9个等位基因的分布情况,结果表明:薏苡、念珠薏苡和薏米的遗传多样性水平普遍较低,每个位点等位基因平均数(A)分别为12,11和12;多态位点百分数(P)分别为167,113和167;平均期望杂合度(He)分别为006,003和007。聚类分析不能从遗传上将以上的2种1变种区分开。

Effect of Planting Density,Fertilizer Level,and Number of Seedlings per Hole on Yield of Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.

In order to study high yield cultivation technology for Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.,and discuss the effect of planting density,fertilizer level,and number of seedlings per hole on yield of Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.,this paper took domesticated variety Xingren Small White Shell of Coix Lachryrma-jobi L. as an example. Using L9( 34) orthogonal design,it selected optimum combination of planting density,fertilizer level,and number of seedlings per hole to guide planting of Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.. Experiment indicated that the optimum planting density( spacing in the rows and spacing between rows) of Coix Lachryrma-jobi L. is 40 cm x 80 cm; the optimum fertilizer level is pure nitrogen 15 kg,pure phosphorus 15 kg and pure potassium 15 kg per mu; the optimum number of seedlings per hole is 5 seedlings per hole. Through variance analysis,it indicated that planting density exerts significance effect on the yield of Coix Lachryrma-jobi L.

薏苡(Coix.L)正常幼苗与白化苗的同工酶分析

比较薏苡正常幼苗与其白化苗的过氧化物酶及酯酶的同工酶的结果表明,正常绿苗的过氧化物酶酶带有8条,白化苗有10条(多出A_5、A_7);正常绿苗的酯酶同工酶带有4条,白化苗有3条,白化苗缺少B_2带,并且B_(1-1)与B_1带相近似。结果表明白化与过氧化物酶及酯酶同工酶的表达有关系。

Extraction of Flavonoids from Leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

[Objectives] To extract the flavonoids from leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L. [Methods] Ethanol extraction method was adopted,spectrophotometry was used,and single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were carried out to study the effects of ethanol percentage,extraction temperature,solid-to-liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of C. lacryma-jobi L.[Results] The order of 4 factors influencing the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of C. lacryma-jobi L. was: solid-to-liquid ratio > extraction time > ethanol percentage > extraction temperature. When the extraction temperature was 70℃,the extraction time was 1. 5 h and the solid-liquid ratio was 1: 10,the ethanol percentage was 60%,the extraction effect was the best,extraction of flavonoids was 0. 107 5 mg/m L.[Conclusions] This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of C. lacryma-jobi L.

Effects of Different Herbicides on Weed Control,Agronomic Characters and Grain Quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

[Objectives]The paper was to study the effects of different herbicides on weed control,agronomic characters and grain quality of Coix lacryma-jobi L.[Methods]Six commonly used herbicides were selected for the trial,including atrazine SC,butachlor SC,monosulfuron WP,MCPA-starane EC,clopyralid AS and tribenuron-methyl WP.[Results](i)Atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron had no chemical injury to C.lacryma-jobi L.,while clopyralid caused slight chemical injury.(ii)The fresh weight control effects of atrazine,butachlor and monosulfuron on weeds increased first and then decreased.The initial control effect of MCPA-starane and clopyralid reached more than 90%;the control effect of monosulfuron increased gradually in the late stage,reaching 97%at 60 d post spraying,and the overall control effect was optimal.(iii)Compared with manual weeding,herbicides had no significant effect on plant height of C.lacryma-jobi L.However,compared with no weeding,other herbicides except tribenuron-methyl inhibited plant growth to a certain extent.Herbicides had different effects on main stem diameter,tiller number per plant and grain number per plant of C.lacryma-jobi L.(iv)Different herbicides had no significant effect on 100-grain weight,but had significant effect on yield.(v)Compared with manual weeding,atrazine,butachlor and clopyralid decreased the protein content of C.lacryma-jobi L.,and the use of atrazine,butachlor,monosulfuron,MCPA-starane and tribenuron-methyl decreased the fat content of C.lacryma-jobi L.;butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of C.lacryma-jobi L.Compared with no weeding,chemical herbicides had no significant effect on the protein content,while atrazine decreased the fat content,and butachlor and MCPA-starane decreased the glycerol trioleate content of C.lacryma-jobi L.[Conclusions]The use of herbicides significantly increases crop yield compared with no weeding,but has an impact on agronomic characters and grain quality.

Advances in research on anti-tumor of Coix seed

Coix seed is a dry mature seed of Gramineae plant Coix. It has been confirmed that a plurality of components thereof have pharmacological effects. The mechanism of Coix seed against tumor includes the following aspects:(1) Inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells.(2) Inhibit the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.(3) Inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels.(4) Induce apoptosis of tumor cells.(5) The synergistic and attenuating effects on chemotherapy.(6) Enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation.(7) Adjust the body's immune function.(8) Relieve the pain of advanced tumors. In this paper, we summarized the research adcances of Coix seed foucusing on its anti-tumor effects.

Study on the mechanism of Coix seed in the treatment of colon cancer Based on network pharmacology

Objective:Study on the mechanism of Coix seed in the treatment of colon cancer based on network pharmacology.Methods:The main chemical components of Coix seed were identified by TCMP,and the target sites of drug components were screened.The target of the protein was mapped to the corresponding gene target through the Uniprot database.Genecards database was used to find the target gene of human colon cancer disease,and then the disease gene target was combined with the drug gene target to screen the common target of disease-drug composition,and the STRING platform was used to construct the drug component-disease target protein interaction.(PPI)network model.The Bioconductor database was used to analyze the potential targets,related molecular functions and signaling pathways of cocoon in the treatment of colon cancer by GO and KEGG enrichment.The disease-drug component-target-signal pathway network was established by Cytoscape software.Results:It was found that there are 9 pharmacodynamics and 28 targets related to colon cancer treatment,and GO functional enrichment analysis is based on correction.P<0.05 screened 346 molecular functional related items,including 256 biological processes,48 molecular functions,and 42 cell components.KEGG functional enrichment analysis screened 24 related pathways according to the adjusted P<0.05.Conclusion:PTGS2,AR,ESR1,PGR,ADH1C,AKR1B1,LTA4H,NCOA1,NCOA2 and other related targets may be potential targets for the treatment of colon cancer.

非酿酒酵母与酿酒酵母混合发酵对薏米酒醪色泽及风味的影响

该研究分别考察了商业酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)(SC)单菌发酵,商业酿酒酵母(SC)分别与非酿酒酵母德尔布有孢圆酵母(Torulaspora delbrueckii)(TD)、东方伊萨酵母(Issatchenkia orientalis)(IO)、粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)(SP)混合发酵对薏米酒醪基础理化特性、颜色和挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明,与SC组发酵相比,混合发酵降低了薏米酒醪的酒精度、pH和还原糖含量,可增加酒醪的亮度;混合发酵增加挥发性风味物质的种类,SC组、TD+SC组、IO+SC组和SP+SC组分别检出43种、49种、48种和48种挥发性风味物质,可显著增加酯类化合物含量(P<0.05),其中,SP+SC组显著增加了苯乙醛、壬醛和3-羟基-2-丁酮的含量(P<0.05),SC组的标志性化合物为正戊醇、2,3-丁二醇、苯乙醇等;TD+SC组为正癸醇、2-甲基丁醇、丁二酸二乙酯等;IO+SC组为异戊酸、苯甲酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯等;SP+SC组为乙酸异丁酯、丁酸乙酯、苯乙醛等。综上,非酿酒酵母和商业酿酒酵母混合发酵有助于提高薏米酒醪的色泽及风味品质。

抹茶对贮藏期间薏仁米脂质氧化的影响

目的:利用天然物质抹茶延长薏仁米货架期。方法:以新鲜薏仁米为原料,经过不同剂量抹茶茶粉处理,测定贮藏期间薏仁米的水分含量、脂肪酸值、过氧化值、丙二醛含量等各项指标及菌落总数和脂质氧化关键酶的变化。结果:经不同剂量抹茶茶粉处理均会抑制薏仁米贮藏期间脂肪酸值、过氧化值、丙二醛含量以及脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶活性的上升,减少水分的消耗及微生物的生长繁殖。抹茶对薏仁米的保藏效果存在一定程度的剂量依赖性,但添加质量分数为0.05%和0.08%的抹茶茶粉处理的保藏效果差异较小。贮藏4个月后,与自封袋组相比,添加质量分数为0.05%的抹茶茶粉处理组中薏仁米的脂肪酸值、过氧化值和丙二醛含量分别降低了31.60%,30.77%,44.83%,脂肪酶和脂肪氧化酶活性分别降低了23.05%,28.74%,且游离脂肪酸组成和含量与新鲜薏仁米更相似。结论:抹茶能有效抑制薏仁米贮藏期间脂质氧化,延长其货架期。

薏苡仁油联合5-FU对结肠癌HCT-116细胞株增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:分析薏苡仁油联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)对结肠癌HCT-116细胞株增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(methyl thiazolyl tetrazdium,MTT)法测定不同浓度薏苡仁油、5-FU以及薏苡仁油+5-FU对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞株的生长抑制效应;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测生存蛋白(Survivin)mRNA表达水平。结果:薏苡仁油、5-FU、5-FU+薏苡仁油均对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖产生一定抑制作用,且薏苡仁油浓度越高,作用时间越长,细胞增殖抑制率越高,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与薏苡仁油组及5-FU组相比,5-FU+薏苡仁油组细胞增殖抑制率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。薏苡仁油组、5-FU组、5-FU+薏苡仁油组的细胞凋亡率均高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);薏苡仁油浓度越高,细胞凋亡率也越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU+薏苡仁油组细胞凋亡率高于5-FU组及薏苡仁油组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组相比,不同浓度薏苡仁油组Survivin mRNA表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU组Survivin mRNA表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU+薏苡仁油组Survivin mRNA表达较5-FU组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:薏苡仁油能抑制结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,与5-FU联合应用能发挥药物协同作用,其作用机制可能与调控Survivin mRNA表达有关。

薏苡附子败酱散通过抗三结构域蛋白21-Toll样受体4-t-核因子-κB信号通路对类风湿关节炎MH7A细胞的影响

目的观察不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞(MH7A)增殖、凋亡及炎症反应的影响,探究其作用机制。方法2022年2―8月,大鼠用不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散及蒸馏水灌胃制备含药血清;20μg/L的TNF-α处理的MH7A细胞记为TNF-α组,TNF-α+含药血清处理的MH7A细胞记为薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组,正常培养的MH7A细胞标记为对照组。细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)、流式细胞术、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测细胞的存活、凋亡及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、干扰素(IFN)-γ;蛋白质印迹法(WB)检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-3、MMP-9、抗三结构域蛋白21(TRIM21)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、t-核因子(NF)-κB p65、磷酸化(p)-NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)-α和t-IκB-α蛋白表达。pcDNA 3.1组(转染空载体)、pcDNA+TRIM21组(转染pcDNA 3.1+TRIM21)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-con组(转染si-con+4.70 g/kg含药血清)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-TRIM21组(转染si-TRIM21+4.70 g/kg含药血清)。结果与对照组相比,TNF-α组细胞存活率(105.07±1.90比185.67±3.06)、TRIM21(0.56±0.02比0.68±0.04)、MMP-3(0.18±0.00比0.63±0.02)、MMP-9(0.39±0.01比0.82±0.01)、TLR4(0.25±0.02比0.68±0.07)、p-NF-κB p65(0.24±0.01比0.68±0.06)、p-IκB-α(0.22±0.01比0.55±0.04)蛋白表达和IL-1β(31.65±0.66比101.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(8.53±0.16比63.76±1.35)含量均显著升高,凋亡率(6.54±0.06比1.17±0.08)均显著降低;与TNF-α组相比,薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组(185.67±3.06比153.77±3.09;0.68±0.04比0.37±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.47±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.73±0.01;103.2±0.7比92.93±0.85;66.3±1.45比54.47±1.46;0.68±0.07比0.53±0.05;0.68±0.06比0.53±0.06;0.55±0.04比0.47±0.01;1.84±0.07比6.67±0.28)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组(185.67±3.06比136.23±1.57;0.68±0.04比0.57±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.37±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.57±0.00;103.2±0.7比86.4±0.75;66.3±1.45比38.1±0.92;0.68±0.07比0.43±0.07;0.68±0.06比0.59±0.01;0.55±0.04比0.40±0.03;1.84±0.07比9.59±0.29)、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组(185.67±3.06比143.47±1.50;0.68±0.04比0.47±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.41±0.05;0.82±0.01比0.62±0.00;103.2±0.7比89.63±0.42;66.3±1.45比40.17±0.90;0.68±0.07比0.51±0.06;0.68±0.06比0.69±0.07;0.55±0.04比0.41±0.02;1.84±0.07比8.89±0.08)细胞存活率、TRIM21、MMP-3、MMP-9蛋白和IL-1β、IFN-γ含量及TLR4、p-NF-κB p65、p-IκB-α蛋白表达均显著降低,凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05);与pcDNA组相比,pcDNA+TRIM21组细胞TRIM21蛋白表达(0.24±0.03比0.51±0.04)、细胞凋亡率(1.61±0.11比12.43±0.61)均显著升高,MMP-3(0.64±0.02比0.41±0.04)、MMP-9(0.82±0.03比0.45±0.02)、IL-1β(110.63±0.55比90.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(64.5±0.82比48.1±1.25)及细胞存活率(179.03±0.74比120.07±0.60)均显著降低;敲减TRIM21显著抑制薏苡附子败酱散中浓度对损伤细胞的治疗作用且显著升高TLR4(0.45±0.06比0.61±0.02)、p-NF-κB p65(0.49±0.02比0.56±0.02)、p-IκB-α(0.38±0.01比0.62±0.01)的蛋白表达。结论薏苡附子败酱散增强TNF-α诱导的MH7A细胞的生存能力,其作用机制与上调TRIM21抑制TLR4-NF-κB信号通路活性有关。

薏米对果蝇生长发育的影响

以黑腹果蝇为试验材料,设置不同浓度的薏米培养基(0%、10%、15%、20%),探究薏米培养基对果蝇繁殖力、雌雄比例、体重、寿命及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,以期为薏米的合理使用提供理论依据.结果显示:随着薏米浓度的逐渐提高,果蝇的成蛹数、羽化数、寿命和体重均呈现先升高后降低的趋势.当薏米浓度在0%~15%区间时,果蝇的成蛹数、羽化数、寿命和体重均呈现为逐渐提高,15%时各项所测指标最高:成蛹数、羽化数分别为64.33只和60.00只,雌、雄果蝇的寿命分别为65 d和62 d,雌、雄果蝇的体重分别达1.382 g和1.180 g.果蝇的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性也随薏米浓度的增加而增加,当浓度为20%时,过氧化氢酶活性最高,雌、雄果蝇分别达15.77 U/mg和14.96 U/mg.可见,15%的薏米培养基最适宜果蝇的生长发育,20%的薏米培养基对果蝇CAT活性的提高最显著,但薏米浓度对果蝇的雌雄比例影响不明显.

电子束辐照对薏苡仁中5种真菌毒素降解率以及甘油三油酸酯含量的影响

为了科学利用电子束辐照技术有效降解薏苡仁中的5种真菌毒素[黄曲霉毒素4种:AFB_(1)、AFB_(2)、AFG_(1)和AFG_(2);玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)],利用高效液相色谱法,测定了不同剂量[0(未辐照)、2、4、6、8、10 kGy)的电子束辐照处理以及适宜剂量电子束辐照结合不同的水分、pH值、双氧水(H_(2)O_(2))处理后薏苡仁中5种真菌毒素降解率以及甘油三油酸酯含量的变化。结果表明:薏苡仁中5种毒素的降解率均随辐照剂量的增大而逐渐提高,其中8 kGy剂量处理的5种毒素降解率与10 kGy剂量处理差异均不显著,因此确定电子束辐照降解薏苡仁中5种毒素的适宜剂量为8 kGy。8 kGy剂量的电子束辐照时,控制薏苡仁水分含量为10%~12%,pH值为8~9,添加1.0%浓度的H_(2)O_(2),薏苡仁中5种真菌毒素的降解率高,且甘油三油酸酯含量仍能达到《中国药典》(2020版)标准。研究结果可为利用电子束辐照降解薏苡仁中5种毒素提供技术支持。

基于糖脂代谢调控的薏苡仁提取物生物学活性作用机制探讨

糖脂代谢是人体生命活动的一项基础能量代谢,有助于人体正常生长发育、维持细胞组织营养和调节机体的动态平衡。薏苡仁是中药的利水渗湿药之一,其主要有效单体成分包括多糖类、酯类、脂肪酸类等,其中具有多种与糖脂代谢相关的生物活性,由于其生物学上的积极治疗作用,故在糖脂代谢紊乱相关疾病中具有治疗潜力。因此,回顾有关薏苡仁提取物对糖脂代谢失调相关疾病影响的文献,对相关机制进行整理、分析、总结,从而得出薏苡仁提取物可以通过调控糖脂代谢,在调节肠道菌群、抗炎、镇痛、抗癌等方面发挥多组分、多靶点、多途径以及相互协调的干预效应,使薏苡仁调控糖脂代谢成为疾病治疗的新策略。

软骨及姜黄联合葛根薏仁提取物对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的改善作用

系统研究了姜黄提取物、软骨提取物、葛根薏仁提取物单独及联合使用对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的改善作用,主要从减少膝关节肿胀(炎症)、促进软骨细胞修复和关节基质修复方面,研究了3种提取物在大鼠膝骨关节炎中的协同效应。结果显示:姜黄提取物在抑制关节肿胀、改善软骨损伤方面有较明显的作用,具体表现在能较好地改善Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅡ)、基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP3)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平;软骨提取物主要通过改善MMP3、COMP、TNF-α、前列腺素E2(PGE2)及SOD水平起到明显改善关节炎病变的效果;葛根薏仁提取物能够提高CollagenⅡ及SOD水平,抑制MMP3、COMP、TNF-α和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的升高,从而改善大鼠膝关节病变程度;3种提取物的复合使用对大鼠膝关节软骨的修复作用最为突出,且对各生化指标的异常改变均有更佳的改善效果。由此可见,通过对姜黄提取物、软骨提取物及葛根薏仁提取物的比例优化,可开发出具有显著抗炎和修复软骨作用的功能性食品,为实现“健康中国2030”添砖加瓦。

氮磷钾肥配施对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响

探明氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性的影响,可为薏苡高效施肥技术模式提供理论和技术支持。以‘贵薏1号’为材料,采用“3414”设计,应用Richards方程对不同氮磷钾肥配施下薏苡5个部位(上、中、下1、下2和下3部位)籽粒灌浆过程的影响进行了研究。结果表明:1)与不施肥处理相比,施用氮磷钾肥可延长薏苡上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒灌浆速率达最大时需要的天数和籽粒活跃灌浆期,提高灌浆速率达最大值时的粒重、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率,进而提高薏苡结实特性。2)氮磷钾肥配施显著提高薏苡中部和下1部粒重,在单因素肥效间表现为N>K>P,在双因素肥效互作间表现为PK>NP>NK,但过量施用氮磷钾肥会使粒重有所下降,结实特性显著变差。3)相关性分析表明,上、中、下1、下2和下3部位籽粒的千粒重与籽粒结实率、充实度、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率呈正相关。4)拟合肥料与薏苡千粒重效应函数方程,得出薏苡N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的最优推荐施肥范围分别为135.51~270.99 kg·hm^(-2)、75.00~150.50 kg·hm^(-2)、56.25~112.51 kg·hm^(-2)。氮磷钾肥配施显著影响薏苡不同部位籽粒灌浆结实特性,适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著促进籽粒灌浆、缩小部位间差异,又可以提高结实率和粒重。在薏苡生产中,氮肥对薏苡籽粒灌浆结实特性影响最大,钾肥次之,磷肥影响最小。