Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and is associated not only with increased risk for liver disease-related complications but also with higher cardi...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and is associated not only with increased risk for liver disease-related complications but also with higher cardiovascular morbidity. Accordingly, lipid-lowering agents are frequently considered in these patients to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, there have been concerns regarding the safety of these agents in patients with chronic liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the safety of lipid-lowering agents in patients with NAFLD as well as their effects on both cardiovascular and liver disease in this population. Accumulating data suggest that statins are safe in patients with NAFLD and that they reduce the increased cardiovascular morbidity of this population. However, it is still unclear whether statins are also useful as a treatment for NAFLD per se, since there are very limited and conflicting data on their effects on liver histology. There is also very scarce evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of other lipid-lowering agents in patients with NAFLD. Randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate the role of lipid-lowering agents and particularly statins for the prevention of both cardiovascular and liver disease-related complications in this high-risk population.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy affects a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Even though the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has declined...Diabetic retinopathy affects a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Even though the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has declined in the last decades, its prevalence increased and is expected to rise further as a result of the increasing incidence of type 2 DM(T2DM) and the longer life expectancy of patients with DM. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial. Some observational studies suggested an association between dyslipidemia and the development and progression of retinopathy in patients with DM but others did not confirm this association. Regarding lipid-lowering agents, studies that evaluated the role of statins in the management of these patients are mostly small and yielded discrepant results. Large randomized studies with statins in patients with T2DM showed no benefit of these agents on diabetic retinopathy but were not designed to address this effect. In contrast, both preclinical data and two large randomized controlled studies, the FIELD and the ACCORD trial, showed that fenofibrate delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Even though the mechanisms underpinning this favorable effect are not entirely clear, these findings suggest that fenofibrate might represent a useful tool for the management of diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
目的:对新一代胆汁酸螯合剂考来维仑治疗胆汁酸性腹泻(BAD)的有效性和安全性进行Meta分析,并对比考来维仑和考来烯胺在剂型、剂量、不良反应、价格等方面的优劣。方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane library、C...目的:对新一代胆汁酸螯合剂考来维仑治疗胆汁酸性腹泻(BAD)的有效性和安全性进行Meta分析,并对比考来维仑和考来烯胺在剂型、剂量、不良反应、价格等方面的优劣。方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane library、CNKI和万方等数据库检索文献,纳入使用考来维仑治疗BAD的相关资料。应用Stata 14.0计算考来维仑治疗有效率和不良反应发生率。根据非随机对照研究偏倚风险评估工具ROBINS-I的标准,对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评估。结果:纳入研究中考来维仑初始或二线治疗患者总计94例,有效63例,考来维仑治疗BAD的初始治疗总有效率为61.2%,二线治疗总有效率为53.3%,森林图合并有效率为60%(95%CI为0.34~0.86;I 2=86.57%,P<0.05,存在异质性)。汇总考来维仑不良反应发生率为6%(95%CI为0.00~0.18;I 2=51.74%,P=0.13,存在异质性)。结论:考来维仑对BAD,包括考来烯胺治疗失败后的BAD治疗安全有效。目前由于成本因素等,临床上多将考来维仑用于二线治疗,其有效性和安全性需要更多临床试验研究观察。展开更多
目的:系统评价盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物治疗2型糖尿病的疗效和安全性,为临床治疗2型糖尿病提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、Cochrane图书馆、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据,检索时限...目的:系统评价盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物治疗2型糖尿病的疗效和安全性,为临床治疗2型糖尿病提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、Cochrane图书馆、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据,检索时限为各数据库建库起至2019年7月,收集盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物(试验组)对比安慰剂或其他降糖药物(对照组)治疗2型糖尿病疗效和安全性的随机对照试验(RCT),对符合纳入标准的临床研究进行资料提取后,采用Cochrane系统评价员手册5.1.0进行质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.3统计软件对糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹血糖水平、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、总体不良反应发生率、低血糖发生率和胃肠道不良反应发生率等指标进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入11项RCT,合计2625例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者糖化血红蛋白水平[MD=-0.37,95%CI(-0.51,-0.22),P<0.001]、空腹血糖水平[MD=-0.47,95%CI(-0.88,-0.07),P=0.02]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平[MD=-0.38,95%CI(-0.49,-0.28),P<0.001]均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。在安全性方面,试验组患者总体不良反应发生率[OR=1.24,95%CI(1.06,1.45),P=0.007]和胃肠道不良反应发生率[OR=1.78,95%CI(1.05,3.02),P=0.03]均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,两组患者低血糖发生率比较,差异无统计学意义[OR=1.03,95%CI(0.62,1.72),P=0.90]。结论:盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物使用可有效降低2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹血糖水平和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,但使用时应注意胃肠道等不良反应的发生。展开更多
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and is associated not only with increased risk for liver disease-related complications but also with higher cardiovascular morbidity. Accordingly, lipid-lowering agents are frequently considered in these patients to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, there have been concerns regarding the safety of these agents in patients with chronic liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the safety of lipid-lowering agents in patients with NAFLD as well as their effects on both cardiovascular and liver disease in this population. Accumulating data suggest that statins are safe in patients with NAFLD and that they reduce the increased cardiovascular morbidity of this population. However, it is still unclear whether statins are also useful as a treatment for NAFLD per se, since there are very limited and conflicting data on their effects on liver histology. There is also very scarce evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of other lipid-lowering agents in patients with NAFLD. Randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate the role of lipid-lowering agents and particularly statins for the prevention of both cardiovascular and liver disease-related complications in this high-risk population.
文摘Diabetic retinopathy affects a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Even though the incidence of diabetic retinopathy has declined in the last decades, its prevalence increased and is expected to rise further as a result of the increasing incidence of type 2 DM(T2DM) and the longer life expectancy of patients with DM. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial. Some observational studies suggested an association between dyslipidemia and the development and progression of retinopathy in patients with DM but others did not confirm this association. Regarding lipid-lowering agents, studies that evaluated the role of statins in the management of these patients are mostly small and yielded discrepant results. Large randomized studies with statins in patients with T2DM showed no benefit of these agents on diabetic retinopathy but were not designed to address this effect. In contrast, both preclinical data and two large randomized controlled studies, the FIELD and the ACCORD trial, showed that fenofibrate delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Even though the mechanisms underpinning this favorable effect are not entirely clear, these findings suggest that fenofibrate might represent a useful tool for the management of diabetic retinopathy.
文摘目的:系统评价盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物治疗2型糖尿病的疗效和安全性,为临床治疗2型糖尿病提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、Cochrane图书馆、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据,检索时限为各数据库建库起至2019年7月,收集盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物(试验组)对比安慰剂或其他降糖药物(对照组)治疗2型糖尿病疗效和安全性的随机对照试验(RCT),对符合纳入标准的临床研究进行资料提取后,采用Cochrane系统评价员手册5.1.0进行质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.3统计软件对糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹血糖水平、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、总体不良反应发生率、低血糖发生率和胃肠道不良反应发生率等指标进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入11项RCT,合计2625例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者糖化血红蛋白水平[MD=-0.37,95%CI(-0.51,-0.22),P<0.001]、空腹血糖水平[MD=-0.47,95%CI(-0.88,-0.07),P=0.02]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平[MD=-0.38,95%CI(-0.49,-0.28),P<0.001]均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。在安全性方面,试验组患者总体不良反应发生率[OR=1.24,95%CI(1.06,1.45),P=0.007]和胃肠道不良反应发生率[OR=1.78,95%CI(1.05,3.02),P=0.03]均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,两组患者低血糖发生率比较,差异无统计学意义[OR=1.03,95%CI(0.62,1.72),P=0.90]。结论:盐酸考来维仑联合其他降糖药物使用可有效降低2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白水平、空腹血糖水平和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,但使用时应注意胃肠道等不良反应的发生。
