Experimental Study on the Resistance and Splash Performances of Water Collecting Devices for Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.

Regular arrangement of collecting venules:Does patient age affect its accuracy?

AIM:To address the diagnostic value of the regular arrangement of collecting venules(RAC)among old age patients. METHODS:A total of 390 consecutive patients whose Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)status was known and who received upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,were retrospectively studied for the presence or absence of RAC as well as gastric mucosal atrophy.The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value,negative predic-tive value and accuracy of RAC to detect normal gastric mucosa were assessed and were compared among two different age groups of patients. RESULTS:The mean age±standard deviation(SD)of included patients(n=390),was 62.9±13 years.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of RAC to detect normal gastric mucosa were 91.7%,66.1%,18.8%,99%and 68.1%respectively.Although the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of RAC among patients<60 years(n= 139)was 94.7%,71.2%,46.2%,98.1%and 76.1%,respectively,it was 80%,64.3%,5.1%,93%and 64.6%, respectively,among patients≥60 years(n=251). Younger Patients(<60 years),have highly significant rates of RAC sensitivity,positive predictive value,and accuracy(P≤0.001,≤0.001 and≤0.02,respectively).Older patients had highly significant rates of H. pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy(P≤0.01). CONCLUSION:Although RAC is a valuable sign for real-time identification of normal gastric mucosa,its accuracy seems to be affected by the patient's age.

Electrochemical Study on FXL-I4 Collecting Wolframite without Pb^(2+) Flotation

In this paper,FXL-14 (tetradecyl iminobimetyl phosphonic acid) as a collector for floating wolframite without Pb^(2+) and its adsorption mechanism were studied by electrochemical method.Flotation experiment results showed that in the wide range of pH value activation of FXL-14 collecting wolframite with Pb^(2+) was not needed.Wolframite—carbon paste electrode and small-amplitude triangular potential sweep were used to measure the electro-double-layer capacitance of wolframite in the FXL-14 solution (with and without of the presence of 1×10^(-4)MPb^(2+)).It is showed that in spite of concentration of Pb^(2+) in the flotation processing,with FXL-14 (800mg/l) the electro-double-layer capacitance was bigger than with FXL-14 (800mg/l) and Pb^(2+).

A Study of Collecting Robot of Conifer Cone

The collecting robot of conifer cone mainly consists of walking mechanism and manipulator. Manipulator has 5 freedoms. The main technical parameters of this robot are as follows :maximum height of collecting is 14m, maximum radius of collecting is 68m, velocity of collecting is 0.65 m/s, and the maximum force of collecing is 2500N.

Collecting property of diphosphonic acid for niobite

The effect of several collectors on the niobite synthetized under the condition of varying pH values and dosages were studied. The collecting property of several representative collectors was also investigated. The experimental result shows that di- phosphonic acid is a good collector for niobite. Its recovery is about 84.24%-91.17% when the pH value of the pulp is less than 5.0 and the dosage of diphosphonic acid is 140 mg/L. The sequences of the selectivity and collecting capacity of the collectors were compared. Infrared absorption spectrum (IAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to detect and analyze the ad- sorption mechanism of diphosphonic acid on the surface of niobite. The IAS result indicates that diphosphonic acid is indeed ad- sorbed on the surface of niobite, and the XPS result shows that the binding energy of P2p peak of niobite treated by diphosphonic acid has changed 2.85 eV. It confirms that the adsorption belongs to a chemisorption type.

Research on the Correlation Between Oil Menitoring and Vibration Monitoring in Information Collecting and Processing Monitoring

Oil monitoring and vibration monitoring are two principal techniques for mechanical fault diagnosis and condition monitoring at present. They monitor the mechanical condition by different approaches, nevertheless, oil and vibration monitoring are related in information collecting and processing. In the same mechanical system, the information obtained from the same information source can be described with the same expression form. The expressions are constituted of a structure matrix, a relative matrix and a system matrix. For oil and vibration monitoring, the information source is correlation and the collection is independent and complementary. And oil monitoring and vibration monitoring have the same process method when they yield their information. This research has provided a reasonable and useful approach to combine oil monitoring and vibration monitoring.

Hydraulic drive and control system of the cone collecting robot

This paper describes the basic structure and design and operation principle of the hydraulic drive and control system with two pumps and two circuits. The manipulator of the cone collecting robot designed is full driven by hydraulic, which has five freedoms. The computer and electrohydraulic proportion velocity regulating valve were installed to realize open loop serve control for reducing cost and easy application.

Study on micro-water-collecting technique in dryland field of spring maize

This paper analyses the effect of water storage and soil moisture conservation by means of micro water collecting technique in the dryland field of spring maize. The results indicate that the rainfall infiltration depth is deeper by means of micro water collecting treatment than that of the control. In micro water collecting treatment, the amount of soil water storage within 0～200 cm of soil layers increases by 50.5 mm, 13.5～58.6 mm, and 24.5 mm respectively during seedling stage, the critical stage of water requirement and the ripening and harvesting stage compared with the control. The micro water collecting technique not only has the function of regulating and adjusting the amount and distribution of field evapotranspiration, but also can raise the water use efficiency, which results in an obvious effect of increasing crop yield, especially in the dry years.

Cystic low-grade collecting duct renal carcinoma with liver compression—A challenging diagnosis and therapy: A case report

BACKGROUND A collecting duct carcinoma is a very rare, malignant renal epithelial tumor.Distant metastases are present in one third of cases at the time of diagnosis. It is known to have a poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old male was sent to our surgery clinic for removal of a 119.2 mm ×108.3 mm encapsulated cystic mass, which was localized in the 8th segment of the right liver lobe. The lesion was first identified on ultrasonography. A computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of a Bosniak type Ⅲ cystic lesion,which affected the liver and convexity of the right kidney. Surgical intervention involved a right nephrectomy, with removal of the cystic mass. The patient was mobilized on the first postoperative day and was discharged after 7 d. The histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a low-grade collecting duct renal carcinoma, which is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma,with low malignant potential. The patient did not receive chemotherapy and after 21 mo of follow-up, a radiological examination and laboratory analyses showed normal aspects. No relapse or other complications were reported.CONCLUSION To manage renal tumors properly, a correct histopathological diagnosis is crucial,as is early diagnosis and correct surgical treatment.

Effects of Hyperosmolality on Expression of Urea Transporter A2 and Aquaporin 2 in Mouse Medullary Collecting Duct Cells

In this study,the effects of hyperosmolality on the expression of urea transporter A2 (UTA2) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) were investigated in transfected immortalized mouse medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cell line.AQP2-GFP-pCMV6 and UTA2-GFP-pCMV6 plasmids were stably transfected into mIMCD3 cells respectively.Transfected mIMCD3 and control cells were cultured in different hy-pertonic media,which were made by NaCl alone,urea alone,or an equiosmolar mixture of NaCl and urea.The mRNA and protein expression of AQP2 was elevated by the stimulation of NaCl alone,urea alone and NaCl plus urea in AQP2-mIMCD3 cells;whereas NaCl alone and NaCl plus urea rather than urea alone increased the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 in UTA2-mIMCD3 cells,and all the expression presented an osmolality-dependent manner.Moreover,the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 was found to be synergistically up-regulated by a combination of NaCl and urea in mIMCD3 cells.It is concluded that NaCl and urea synergistically induce the expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 in mIMCD3 cells,and hyperosmolality probably mediates the expression of AQP2 and UTA2 through different mechanisms.

Collecting Duct (Bellini Duct) Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Outcome and Therapeutic Management

Objectives: To evaluate treatment and prognosis of collecting duct renal cell carcinoma (CDRCC) in three institutions. Methods: The data of CDRCC patients were collected retrospectively from 3 participating institutions. Results: A total of 24 patients were identified in 3 institutions with an incidence of 0.5% - 0.6%. Among them, the median age was 63.0 years and male gender was predominant (66.7%). At least 45.7% (11/24) of the patients were symptomatic at presentation. Moreover, distant metastasis at initial diagnosis was present in 13 patients (54.2%) and 6 patients (25.0%) developed distant metastasis during the course of disease. Almost all these patients were at high stage (87.5%) and poorly differentiated (79.2%). Besides, nodal involvement and major vein extension were observed in 14 (58.3%) and 10 (41.7%) patients, respectively. All the patients in this cohort underwent surgery with a median cancer specific survival of 11.3 months. Of the 14 patients with chemotherapy, gemcitabine/cisplatin was dominantly given in 6 patients (42.9%). Conclusions: CDRCC is rarely seen. Most of CDRCC patients had advanced stage, high nuclear grade, regional nodal involvement, distant metastasis at presentation and consequent poor prognosis. To date, no standard protocol for the treatment of CDRCC exists. Current standard in systemic therapy of CDRCC is chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin.

Enzymatic Activity of Renal H-K-ATPase in the Outer Medullary Collecting Duct of Transgenic Mice

The H-K-ATPase (HKA), a potassium-dependent proton transporter in the outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) plays an important role in acid-base homeostasis. The OMCD contains two HKA isoforms;gastric (HKAα1), dominant under normal dietary conditions (ND), and colonic (HKAα2), induced under a K-free diet (KD). The enzymatic activity (EA) of HKA in the OMCD is incompletely understood. The focus of the present study is elucidating the EA of the HKA in HKAα1 and HKAα2 knockout (KO) mice under ND and KD. KO mice were subjected to ND or KD for 10 days. Ten OMCD tubules were extracted, half placed in potassium-free media (Solution 2), half in potassium-containing media (Solution 3). Fluorescence measurements are based on the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, coupled with the oxidation of NADH. ADP is determined by a decrease in NADH fluorescence. In K presence, NADH fluorescence of HKAα1 KO mice read 13.5 ± 0.7 ppm for ND and 10.3 ± 0.2 ppm for KD, indicating stimulation of the colonic isoform. HKAα2 KO mice averaged 6.8 ± 0.3 ppm for ND and 5.4 ± 0.3 ppm for KD in solution 2 (p p α2 isoform. A significant difference in ATP production in HKAα2 KO mice is likely due to enhanced EA of H-ATPase under potassium depletion.

Research on Chinese Antarctic Data Directory System^->─Collecting,processing,examining and submitting data directory

Based on the general framework of ADDS( Antarctic Data Directory System) established by SCAR- COMNAP ad hoc Planning Group on Antarctic data management,the CN- ADDS( Chinese Antarctic Data Directory System) projectis go- ing on,of which the research and activity keeps to the available method and technique in ADDS development and allows for the Chinese specific status in Antarctic data man- agementas well.Atpresent,authoring and submitting timely Antarctic data directory in China is one of the key issuesthatisto be dealtwith necessarily.This paper aims at studying the technical procedure in collecting,processing,examining and submitting data directory. In additional,italso discusses the efficient collection of data directory, which needs the effort of administrative and technical support.

Collecting aerosol in airflow with a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed

A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSB) is a highly efficient filter that takes the advantage of both fluidized beds and fixed beds. This paper presents the research to collect aerosol in airflow with a MSB. The filtering model of MSB is established with its parameters including magnetic Geld intensity, gas superficial velocity, average grain-size, and bed height on the collection efficiency of MSB. The model is verified by experiments.

A New and Simple Method for Collecting Eggs of the Striped Stemborer,Chilo suppressalis

The method for collecting eggs of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis using plastic bags was studied in comparison with using caged rice plants. There was no significant difference in fecundity of C. suppressalis at 279 eggs/moth and in percentage of hatched eggs at 95% between in plastic bags and on rice plants. More egg masses were collected on plastic bags than on rice plants, whereas more smaller egg masses (less than 100 eggs per mass) in plastic bags than on rice plants. The advantages in collecting eggs of C. suppressalis and other insects by using plastic bags were also discussed.

Collecting Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Climate Data as Service for Adaptation Projects

The development of adaptation measures to climate change relies on data from climate models or impact models. In order to analyze these large data sets or an ensemble of these data sets, the use of statistical methods is required. In this paper, the methodological approach to collecting, structuring and publishing the methods, which have been used or developed by former or present adaptation initiatives, is described. The intention is to communicate achieved knowledge and thus support future users. A key component is the participation of users in the development process. Main elements of the approach are standardized, template-based descriptions of the methods including the specific applications, references, and method assessment. All contributions have been quality checked, sorted, and placed in a larger context. The result is a report on statistical methods which is freely available as printed or online version. Examples of how to use the methods are presented in this paper and are also included in the brochure.

Comparison of Traps Collecting Propolis by Honey Bees

The last few years numerous publications have been published about the properties and plant origin of propolis, the glue-like resinous product collected by honeybees. Although, only one scientific experiment has been previously conducted on propolis collection techniques by honey bees, making the relative literature extremely limited in this area. The present study scopes to evaluate the effect of the trap types on the quantity of propolis collected by honeybees. For this reason, at two different locations, five different types of propolis collection traps, applied on Langstroth bee hives, were tested: 3 hand-cut screens plus one commercial screen on the top bars, as well as a lateral side modification of a Langstroth hive. Results show that two hand-cut screens with smaller openings (1 × 1 mm and 2 × 2 mm) as well as the commercial screen collected significantly more propolis than the others (F4,41 = 43.21, P 0.0001). Furthermore, the two hand-cut screens filled faster with propolis.