Kraft lignin has the potential to replace traditional fossil resources for the preparation of high-value chemicals because it is rich in aromatic rings and active functional groups.An effective method for the pyrolysi...Kraft lignin has the potential to replace traditional fossil resources for the preparation of high-value chemicals because it is rich in aromatic rings and active functional groups.An effective method for the pyrolysis of kraft lignin into chemicals/fuels is microwave-assisted depolymerization.A simulation model is urgently needed to illustrate the coupling effect and mechanism of lignin conversion during the depolymerization process.In this study,COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the microwave-assisted depolymerization process.The results showed that microwave power had a significant effect on the electric field and temperature distribution in the microwave cavity,while the reaction time had little effect on the electric field.The effect of the nitrogen flow rate on the electric field and temperature was negligible.The intensity of the electric field,heating rate of lignin,and final temperature of lignin depolymerization increased with increasing microwave power.展开更多
The analysis of the coupling mechanism of thermal-hydraulic-mechanical(THM)fields,and solid-liquidgas(SLG)phases during gas extraction process is of profound significance to explore its numerical application in the ga...The analysis of the coupling mechanism of thermal-hydraulic-mechanical(THM)fields,and solid-liquidgas(SLG)phases during gas extraction process is of profound significance to explore its numerical application in the gas occurrence regularity and its effective extraction radius.In this study,the Hudi coal mine in Qinshui basin is taken as the research area,the influencing factors of gas occurrence were analyzed,the differences in overburden load for gas pressure distribution and the factors influencing the effective extraction radius were further discussed by using the COMSOL software.The results show that the derivation of mathematical model in gas extraction shows that the process is a process the THM fields restrict each other,and the SLG phases influence each other.The longer the extraction time,the larger the influencing range of borehole,and the better the extraction effect.The larger the diameter of borehole,the larger the effective extraction radius,and the influence on gas extraction effect is smaller in the early stage and larger in the late stage.The borehole arrangement should be flexibly arranged according to the actual extraction situation.The higher the porosity,the higher the permeability,the better the gas extraction effect.The larger the overburden load of reservoir,the stronger the effective stress,which will result in the more severe the strain,and the closure of pore and fracture,which in turn will lead to the decrease of permeability and slow down the gas extraction.The relationship among extraction time,borehole diameter,negative pressure of gas extraction,permeability with effective extraction radius is exponential.This study has important theoretical and practical significance for clarifying and summarizing the gas occurrence regularity and its engineering practice.展开更多
As hydraulic fracturing was forbidden in some countries due to possible negative environmental impacts and enhanced coalbed methane(ECBM)was restricted by in-situ conditions,microwave heating was proposed to enhance c...As hydraulic fracturing was forbidden in some countries due to possible negative environmental impacts and enhanced coalbed methane(ECBM)was restricted by in-situ conditions,microwave heating was proposed to enhance coalbed permeability.One of the mechanisms of improving coal permeability with microwave irradiation is that thermal expansion caused by microwave heating.To study the influence of microwave’s heating effect of coal samples,the simulations were conducted using a coupled electromagnetic,thermal and mechanical model in this paper.The temperature,Von-Mises stress and strain distribution of coal sample are recorded every 10 s.The permeability distribution is also obtained based on the relationship between strain and permeability from articles.It was found that volume average temperature,stress,strain and permeability increase almost linearly with time.The average permeability increased from 1.65 10×16 m^2 to 3.63 10×16 m^2 under 2.45 GHz and 500Wmicrowave radiation after 300 s.The significant increase proved microwave to be effective in coal seam permeability enhancement.展开更多
A novel trapezoidal design for storage of heat energy through melting of phase-change material(PCM)is investigated.Latent heat thermal energy storage system(LHTES)is a promising option to diminish mis-match between en...A novel trapezoidal design for storage of heat energy through melting of phase-change material(PCM)is investigated.Latent heat thermal energy storage system(LHTES)is a promising option to diminish mis-match between energy consumption and supply.For this purpose,Paraffin:Rubitherm-35(RT35)material is successively melted in aluminum structure which is heated from one side and the other sides are kept adiabatic.Melting of PCM is observed experimentally and melt fronts are photographed for various time lengths.The fluid-solid module in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 has been utilized.The transient heat conduction with enthalpy function is hired.Simulations are carried out for enhancement of thermal conductivity through addition of nano-entities of cobalt oxide Co3O4.Themelting time is notably reduced with inclusion of nano-entities to enhance thermal conductivity.The time spans for melt start and total melt in case of pure PCM are 375 and 4500(s)respectively whereas for the nano mix case,these are 150 and 3000 s.Thus 33%shorter time length is noticed for charging of the PCM trapezoidal matrix with nano entities of Co3O4 aremixed.The results fromsimulation and lab observations depict similar patterns and are in quite close comparison.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education of China(No.KF201917)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800497).
文摘Kraft lignin has the potential to replace traditional fossil resources for the preparation of high-value chemicals because it is rich in aromatic rings and active functional groups.An effective method for the pyrolysis of kraft lignin into chemicals/fuels is microwave-assisted depolymerization.A simulation model is urgently needed to illustrate the coupling effect and mechanism of lignin conversion during the depolymerization process.In this study,COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the microwave-assisted depolymerization process.The results showed that microwave power had a significant effect on the electric field and temperature distribution in the microwave cavity,while the reaction time had little effect on the electric field.The effect of the nitrogen flow rate on the electric field and temperature was negligible.The intensity of the electric field,heating rate of lignin,and final temperature of lignin depolymerization increased with increasing microwave power.
文摘利用COMSOL Multiphysics对马兰矿南5采区9#煤层采用的千米钻孔煤层预抽瓦斯来掩护集中回风巷掘进的工程,进行瓦斯抽采钻孔深度不同、抽采负压不同、抽采时间不同条件下瓦斯压力分布规律和抽采瓦斯总量的数值模拟研究。得出结论:瓦斯抽采初期,瓦斯抽采重点区域在径向距离较小以及钻孔较浅区域,随着抽采时间的增加,瓦斯抽采重点区域向径向距离较大以及钻孔深处转移;钻孔深度越大,瓦斯抽采难度越大,适当提高瓦斯抽采负压能够有效提高钻孔深处瓦斯抽采效率;抽采负压为13 k Pa,钻孔总深度为600 m时,抽采瓦斯有效时间为500 d左右;抽采负压为13 k Pa,钻孔总深度为700 m时,抽采瓦斯有效时间为600 d左右。
基金financially supported by the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(No.GXXT-2021-018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42102217)+3 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui University(Nos.KJ2020A0315,KJ2020A0317)the Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(No.21KZS218)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2108085MD134)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.PRP/open-2005)
文摘The analysis of the coupling mechanism of thermal-hydraulic-mechanical(THM)fields,and solid-liquidgas(SLG)phases during gas extraction process is of profound significance to explore its numerical application in the gas occurrence regularity and its effective extraction radius.In this study,the Hudi coal mine in Qinshui basin is taken as the research area,the influencing factors of gas occurrence were analyzed,the differences in overburden load for gas pressure distribution and the factors influencing the effective extraction radius were further discussed by using the COMSOL software.The results show that the derivation of mathematical model in gas extraction shows that the process is a process the THM fields restrict each other,and the SLG phases influence each other.The longer the extraction time,the larger the influencing range of borehole,and the better the extraction effect.The larger the diameter of borehole,the larger the effective extraction radius,and the influence on gas extraction effect is smaller in the early stage and larger in the late stage.The borehole arrangement should be flexibly arranged according to the actual extraction situation.The higher the porosity,the higher the permeability,the better the gas extraction effect.The larger the overburden load of reservoir,the stronger the effective stress,which will result in the more severe the strain,and the closure of pore and fracture,which in turn will lead to the decrease of permeability and slow down the gas extraction.The relationship among extraction time,borehole diameter,negative pressure of gas extraction,permeability with effective extraction radius is exponential.This study has important theoretical and practical significance for clarifying and summarizing the gas occurrence regularity and its engineering practice.
文摘As hydraulic fracturing was forbidden in some countries due to possible negative environmental impacts and enhanced coalbed methane(ECBM)was restricted by in-situ conditions,microwave heating was proposed to enhance coalbed permeability.One of the mechanisms of improving coal permeability with microwave irradiation is that thermal expansion caused by microwave heating.To study the influence of microwave’s heating effect of coal samples,the simulations were conducted using a coupled electromagnetic,thermal and mechanical model in this paper.The temperature,Von-Mises stress and strain distribution of coal sample are recorded every 10 s.The permeability distribution is also obtained based on the relationship between strain and permeability from articles.It was found that volume average temperature,stress,strain and permeability increase almost linearly with time.The average permeability increased from 1.65 10×16 m^2 to 3.63 10×16 m^2 under 2.45 GHz and 500Wmicrowave radiation after 300 s.The significant increase proved microwave to be effective in coal seam permeability enhancement.
文摘A novel trapezoidal design for storage of heat energy through melting of phase-change material(PCM)is investigated.Latent heat thermal energy storage system(LHTES)is a promising option to diminish mis-match between energy consumption and supply.For this purpose,Paraffin:Rubitherm-35(RT35)material is successively melted in aluminum structure which is heated from one side and the other sides are kept adiabatic.Melting of PCM is observed experimentally and melt fronts are photographed for various time lengths.The fluid-solid module in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 has been utilized.The transient heat conduction with enthalpy function is hired.Simulations are carried out for enhancement of thermal conductivity through addition of nano-entities of cobalt oxide Co3O4.Themelting time is notably reduced with inclusion of nano-entities to enhance thermal conductivity.The time spans for melt start and total melt in case of pure PCM are 375 and 4500(s)respectively whereas for the nano mix case,these are 150 and 3000 s.Thus 33%shorter time length is noticed for charging of the PCM trapezoidal matrix with nano entities of Co3O4 aremixed.The results fromsimulation and lab observations depict similar patterns and are in quite close comparison.
