Mongolia Contributed More than 42%of the Dust Concentrations in Northern China in March and April 2023

Dust storms are one of the most frequent meteorological disasters in China,endangering agricultural production,transportation,air quality,and the safety of people’s lives and property.Against the backdrop of climate change,Mongolia’s contribution to China’s dust cannot be ignored in recent years.In this study,we used the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),along with dynamic dust sources and the HYSPLIT model,to analyze the contributions of different dust sources to dust concentrations in northern China in March and April 2023.The results show that the frequency of dust storms in 2023 was the highest observed in the past decade.Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert were identified as two main dust sources contributing to northern China.Specifically,Mongolia contributed more than 42%of dust,while the Taklimakan Desert accounted for 26%.A cold high-pressure center,a cold front,and a Mongolian cyclone resulted in the transport of dust aerosols from Mongolia and the Taklimakan Desert to northern China,where they affected most parts of the region.Moreover,two machine learning methods[the XGBoost algorithm and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)]were used to forecast the dust storms in March 2023,based on ground observations and WRF-Chem simulations over East Asia.XGBoost-SMOTE performed well in predicting hourly PM10 concentrations in China in March 2023,with a mean absolute error of 33.8μg m−3 and RMSE of 54.2μg m−3.

基于语料库的CONTRIBUTE的语义韵对比研究

以中国学习者英语语料库(CLEC)和英国国家语料库(BNC)为数据来源,用中介语对比分析法探讨使用CONTRIBUTE的"致使"义项时,中国学习者在语义韵上与本族语者的差异。研究表明,中国学习者使用CONTRIBUTE致使义项时多用了积极语义韵,少用了中性和消极语义韵。原因可能是语内负迁移和对该词习得深度不足。因此,在二语词汇教学中应培养学生的语义韵意识。

Bone-conditioned medium contributes to initiation and progression of osteogenesis by exhibiting synergistic TGF-β1/BMP-2 activity

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) often utilizes a combination of autologous bone grafts, deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM), and collagen membranes. DBBM and collagen membranes pre-coated with bone-conditioned medium (BCM) extracted from locally harvested autologous bone chips have shown great regenerative potential in GBR. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the composition of BCM and its activity on the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. We detected a fast and significant (P <0.001) release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) from autologous bone within 10 min versus a delayed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release from 40 min onwards. BCMs harvested within short time periods (10, 20, or 40 min), corresponding to the time of a typical surgical procedure, significantly increased the proliferative activity and collagen matrix production of BCM-treated cells. Long-term (1, 3, or 6 days)-extracted BCMs promoted the later stages of osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Short-term-extracted BCMs, in which TGF-β1 but no BMP-2was detected, reduced the expression of the late differentiation marker osteocalcin. However, when both growth factors were present simultaneously in the BCM, no inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation were observed, suggesting a synergistic TGF-β1/BMP-2 activity. Consequently, in cells that were co-stimulated with recombinant TGF-β1 and BMP-2, we showed a significant stimulatory and dose-dependent effect of TGF-β1 on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation due to prolonged BMP signaling and reduced expression of the BMP-2 antagonist noggin. Altogether, our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable outcome from GBR procedures using BCM, derived from autologous bone grafts.

The inherent high vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons toward mitochondrial toxins may contribute to the etiology of Parkinson＇s disease

Although the exact mechanism（s）of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease（PD）is not well understood,mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to play a central role.This proposal is strongly strengthened by the findings that compromised mitochondrial functions and/or exposure to mitochondrial toxins such as rotenone,paraquat,or MPTP causes degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic.

OsABA8ox2, an ABA catabolic gene, suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings and contributes to drought response

In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of OsABA8ox2 in root growth and development and drought response. GUS staining results showed that OsABA8ox2 was expressed mainly in roots at seedling stage and was strongly expressed in the meristematic zone of the radicle. OsABA8ox2 expression in roots was markedly decreased after 0.5 h polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment and increased after 0.5 h rehydration, implying that OsABA8ox2 is a drought-responsive gene.OsABA8ox2 knockout mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system increased drought-induced ABA and indole-3-acetic acid accumulation in roots, conferred increased ABA sensitivity, and promoted a more vertically oriented root system architecture(RSA) beneficial to drought tolerance.OsABA8ox2 overexpression suppressed root elongation and increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improved rice drought tolerance, whereas OsABA8ox2 overexpression seedlings were hypersensitive to drought stress,suggesting that OsABA8ox2 contributes to drought response in rice. Compared with wild type,functional leaves of OsABA8ox2 knockout seedlings showed higher ABA levels, whereas overexpression lines showed lower ABA levels, suggesting that OsABA8ox2, as an ABA catabolic gene, modulates ABA concentration through ABA catabolism. OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 were both localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, these results indicate that OsABA8ox2 suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings, increases water transpiration, and contributes to drought response through ABA catabolism, and that OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improves rice drought tolerance. They highlight the key role of ABA catabolism mediated by OsABA8ox2 on root growth and development. OsABA8ox2, as a novel RSA gene, would be a potential genetic target for the improvement of rice drought tolerance.

Macaques Contribute to New Breakthroughs in Autism Research

A China-U.S. joint research team has made new breakthroughs in developing nonhuman primate models for autism research. This does much to pave the way for possible drug discovery and gene therapy of the disorder. The research was conducted by scientists from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sun Yat-Sen University, and South China Agricultural University.

Do new neurons contribute to functional reorganization after brain damage?

The finding that adult neurogenesis occurs constitutively in the brain was a breakthrough in neuroscience and soon gained attention as a possible mechanism for neurorepair after brain damage. In a recent study we show that the dentate gyrus （DG） reorganizes anatomically over neurons undergo maturation time after damage, while new and activate in response to a contextual fear memory recall （Aguilar-Arredondo and Zepeda, 2018）. These findings provide new evidence on the possible role of neurogenesis in cognitive recovery after brain injury.

A University in Its Move to Contribute to Diversity of Civilizations——An Interview with President of Beijing Foreign Studies University Peng Long

THIS year,the term "new four inventions" has created a craze in China’s media world with a spate of related stories topping the headlines of countless media outlets.The term’s creator is Beijing Foreign Studies University(BFSU).BFSU’s Silk Road Research Institute carried out a survey among its international students from 20 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

SAC contributes ideas to ISO Strategy and extends standards cooperation with BSI

SAMR Vice-Minister and SAC Administrator Tian Shihong as the Leader of the Chinese delegation attended the 109th ISO Council Meeting in Costa Rica and subsequently the fourth meeting of the China-UK Standardization Cooperati on Commissi on in the UK from June 10 to 17.

miR-133 contributes to high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via IGF1 receptor

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are endogenous 20 -23 -nucleotide (nt) -containing small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes,including cell differentiation,proliferation, apoptosis,heart disease and human cancers.We investigated miR-133 expression and its potential role in a high glucose-induced myocardium in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced C57bl6 mouse model of diabetes.miR-133 expression was significantly increased in myocardium in a time-dependent manner after STZ treatment.IGF1 receptor(IGF1R) protein was dramatically decreased without obvious up-regulation of its mRNA level post hyperglycemia.IGF1R protein level was decreaed with increase of its transcript level in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes induced by high D-glucose concentration. Dual luciferase assay revealed that miR133 could interact with specific sites in the 3’UTR of IGF1R gene.p-ERK and p-Akt levels were reduced in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes over-expressed with miR133 after IGF treatment.Introduction of functional miR-133,IGF1R siRNA into neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes could enhance cardiomyocyte apoptosis.These results implicate that miR-133 is involved in contributing to high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via regulating IGF1R expression post-transcriptionally.

CONTRIBUTE CHINESE WISDOM TO BUILDING A BETTER WORLD

In 2016,the world economy continued to be bleak with diverging trends between developed countries and emerging markets.Populism cropped up featuring anti-establishment,anti-elite and anti-globalization.The strategic contest between

3-64 Telomere-mitochondrion Link Contributed to the Induction of Senescence in MCF-7 Cells after Carbon-ion Irradiation

The effects of carbon-ion irradiation on cancer cell telomere function have not been comprehensively studied[1]. Our previous report showed that cancer cells with telomere dysfunction were more sensitive to carbon-ion irradiation,but the mechanism that link telomere dysfunction and cancer cell inactivation has not been investigated.

ZTE Contributed to Launch of 4G Network of BASE Company in Belgium

4 November 2013,Shenzhen,China-ZTE Corporation,a publicly-listed global provider of telecommunications equip ment,network solutions and mobile devices,and BASE Company,the Belgian subsidiary of Dutch mobile operator KPN,have launched BASE Company＇s 4G services in Belgium.

Chinese Scientists Contribute to the AMS program

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) program is regarded as a huge international scientific project following the world-known International Space Station (ISS) project, Human Genome project

Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

The Development of a Law-based Society Contributes to the Legal Protection of Human Rights in China

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the Party and the State have gained a richer and deeper understanding of human rights.In 1997,the 15;Communist Party of China National Congress Report put forward"respect for human rights".In 2004,the idea that"the State respects and protects human rights"was written into

Wild foods(plants and animals)in the green famine belt of Ethiopia:Do they contribute to household resilience to seasonal food insecurity?

Background： The role of wild foods in combating problems of food shortage is paramount. However, existin, approaches to combat food insecurity shock have generally focused on reducing vulnerability via increasing productivity of domesticated foods. In contrast, approaches that enhance resilience mainly through wild fooc sources have been less focused. This study examined the contribution of wild foods to household resilience to food insecurity in the green famine belt of Ethiopia. Methods： A cross-sectional survey of 220 households was conducted using a structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and semi-participant observations. Factor analysis was run using SPSS to analyze data. Correlation analysis was used to examine the direction and strength of association between wild foods and the income and food access （IFA）, a latent proxy indicator of resilience. Cross-tabulation was also run to determine the proportion of households in each ethno〈ulture group under each resilience category. Results： The mean amount of wild foods obtained by households was 156.61 kg per household per annum. This was about 5 % and 9 % of, gross and, net food available from all sources respectively. Wild foods contributed well to household resilience as the factor loading （Factor2 = 0.467） was large enough and were significantly correlated with IFA （r-- 0.174）. Wild vegetables were the most collected and consumed type of wild foods constituting 52.4 % of total amount of wild foods. The total amount of wild foods was smaller than that of domesticated sources of food. The majority of households （38.6 %） reported ＂reduced source of wild foods＂ as a reason for this. Smaller proportion of the indigenous （11.2 %） than the non-indigenous （34.1%） ethno-culture group reported one or more reasons for their lower level of dependence on wild foods. Conclusion： From the study we concluded that wild foods had important contribution to households＇ resilience to food shortages and are likely to continue to contribute in the future, this being more to indigenous than non-indigenous ethno-culture group. Therefore, a resilience building policy that incorporates wild foods should be adopted, and research that aims at exploring their current status and future prospect are urgently required.

COMMENT ON WHETHER THE CONTACT TERM CONTRIBUTES TO DOUBLE CHARGE EXCHANGE REACTION

Based on the Olsson-Turn’s Lagrangian, contribution to DCX reaction from the contact term has been discussed, The result shows that althought there are some cancellations between the pole-and contact-term contributions the contact term must be carefully included in any assessment of DCX reaction and can not be discarded a priori.