The Chinese Philosopher and English Cosmopolitanism in the 18th Century

Due to its construction of an image of modern Chinese philosopher who comments and reflects on what he has seen in England in comparison to China,Oliver Goldsmith’s The Citizen of the World(1760)has contradictorily been interpreted in two ways:One considers it as an orientalist discourse denigrating Chinese culture,while the other takes is as an utopian fabrication idealizing Chinese culture.Seeking“difference”between English and Chinese cultures is the underlying logic of these two types of interpretations.On the contrary,rooting on the“sameness”between them,this essay offers a new understanding about The Citizen of the World through a close textual analysis.The aim is to demonstrate how The Citizen of the World makes use of the image of Chinese philosopher to represent English cosmopolitanism featured with“polite”and“universal”and how the principle of equality operates through English cosmopolitanism.

John Steinbeck,Cosmopolitanism and Global Literature

The purpose of the present paper is to explore the ways in which John Steinbeck utilizes the ideas of cosmopolitanism and socialism in his masterpiece The Grapes of Wrath(1939)interweaving them into the U.S.reality of the 1930s.It also deals with the term“global literature”,taking it as a starting point for the analysis of Steinbeck’s novel.Taking the lead of Wai-Chee Dimock,the author views American literature as no longer a sovereign literary domain,but as a blend of literatures that are ever evolving and multiplying,interweaving with other cultures.From this standpoint,the paper discusses The Grapes of Wrath in terms of transnational imagination,placing it into the scope of the“world literature”.It is an attempt to identify the“connective tissues”that make the novel belong to the global literature and investigate how they are represented in the text.

Polar Models of Culture-Regressivism Versus Progressivism

The culture wars that simmer within any nation may have been escalating recently;but regardless of their national settings or milieus,many of these wars are informed by two opposing paradigms of culture.This paper analyzes two of these leading paradigms,designated here as Regressivism and Progressivism.Other theorists have long chronicled the differing strengths and weaknesses of these paradigms,taking the former as expressing more conservative,traditional,and nationalistic values,and the latter as expressing more liberal,pluralistic,and cosmopolitan values.Going beyond these perennial distinctions,I argue that Progressivism is more benign and beneficial than the former-by meeting basic human needs better and supporting more effective adaptation to changing exigencies.I also argue that Progressivism does not express merely subjective or relativistic preferences and values,but objectively preferable and quantifiable ones,that benefit not only our personal lives more but also our global village and communal lives more.

Cultivating Citizens with Confucian Cosmopolitanism:Defining the Purpose of Liberal Arts Education in the Asian Context

In contrast to the continued decline of liberal arts education in the US,there has been a revived interest in liberal arts education in Asian countries in recent years.Grounded in a comprehensive understanding of the central tenets of liberal arts education in the West,this paper looks into the struggles Asian countries face in their exploration of liberal arts education and provides a direction for Asian countries in their efforts to practice liberal arts education.This paper establishes the deep connections between humanistic approaches of the Confucian tradition and liberal arts education by pointing to a common ground for the education of humanity.Ultimately,the purpose of liberal arts education,in the East as well as in the West,should be the liberation of human beings from the constraints of ignorance,prejudice and traditional customs and through the cultivation of a cosmopolitan morality that emphasizes unity,solidarity and the fusion of humankind.Chinese universities should contemplate the purpose and value of higher education in the 21st century and tap into the rich resources of Confucianism in order to give its liberal arts education a“soul.”

Chinese Socialism as Vernacular Cosmopolitanism

This paper follows the life of an idea, a fundamental concept in modern Chinese intellectual life： socialism. It explores this idea as an alternative form of Chinese cosmopolitanism, drawing from Pheng Cheah＇s identification of two kinds of Chinese cosmopolitanism： mercantile and revolutionary. If part of what we mean by cosmopolitanism is the local use of an external, or international, or otherwise ＂independent＂ （relative to local power and practice） ideology or discourse to promote an agent＇s sense of social good at home and connection to the world, then the ways that socialist thought, ideology and praxis have been employed in China in the twentieth century constitute one such strain of cosmopolitanism. Shehuizhuyi （socialism） meant related but significantly different things to Chinese in the twentieth century. This essay argues that Chinese socialism can be viewed as a version of vernacular cosmopolitanism through two examples： Wang Shiwei in the 1940s and Deng Tuo in the 1960s, as well as the discourse of Pan-Asianism before and after the Mao era. Chinese socialism was as much a terrain of debate and contestation about what it means to be ＂Chinese and modern＂ as it was a shared vocabulary and set of aspirations. All along it has been able to play the role of cosmopolitan thought for some influential Chinese thinkers and doers--connecting China to the world in order to pursue universal values.

Citizenship Education under Discourses of Nationalism,Globalization,and Cosmopolitanism:Illustrations from China and the United States

The authors,one from China and one from the United States,present a theoretical framework for understanding the discursive fields of citizenship education as composed,in large part,of the discourses of nationalism,globalization,and cosmopolitanism.The framework is illustrated by examples from citizenship education in China and the United States.Citizenship education in these examples is largely influenced by the discourse of nationalism.The discursive fields are fractured,context-specific,and dynamic.In conclusion,the authors call for awareness of how these discourses operate,and propose that the discourses of globalization and cosmopolitanism merge and strengthen within citizenship education.The effect could be a new citizenship education that is responsive to the current needs of local and global democratic communities.

The Spread of Cosmopolitanism in China and Lu Xun＇s Understanding of the ＂World Citizen＂

The concept of World Citizen was not introduced to China by Lu Xun, but it is an important term in his thought. The most obvious difference between Lu Xun and other cultural pioneers during the May Fourth period is that rather than understanding and promoting cosmopolitanism as a social or systematic phenomenon, he was mainly interested in human nature and therefore attempted to formulate the concept of World Citizen in terms of a humanistic or spiritual dimension. In so doing, he profoundly expressed an ideological appeal for the significance of the human consciousness, understood within its historical context. This particular conception of cosmopolitanism is symbolically valuable and relevant to the present ideological reality.

品牌与广告人物形象选择——以2010年《时尚COSMOPOLITAN》整页广告为例

通过对2010年《时尚COSMOPOLITAN》整页广告人物形象国别的统计分析,研究中外品牌在使用广告人物形象上的差异。

The Lost Generation and its significance to American Culture

The Lost Generation is actually a group of American writers who were rebelling against what America had become by the 1900s.The Lost generation tendency and Lost generation writers are of great importance to the American and world literature.This article serves as a brief introduction to the Lost generation and its significant writers.

风趣·大胆·韵味——《COSMOPOLITAN》的三个中文版本

作为世界上销量最大的年轻女性杂志,《COSMOPOLITAN》(中文刊名:《时尚·COSMO》以其乐观的风格、对年轻职业女性的关注和坦诚面对当代社会两性关系而独树一帜。创刊于1886年的《COSMOPOLITAN》,其初衷是一本面向“上层阶级家庭”的杂志,以报道当代社会时尚潮流为主旨。从20世纪60年代开始,在时任主编、富有传奇色彩的女强人 Helen Curley Brown 的倡导下,《COSMOPOLITAN》率先向女性读者提出“勇敢面对生活,大胆追求生活目标,在生活的各个层面做到尽善尽美”这个在当时看来惊世骇俗的理念,现在,它已经成为大多数职业妇女的生活写照。今天,《COSMOPOLITAN》已不仅仅是一本杂志,在全世界热心读者的心目中,她已经成为一种生活方式,被越来越多的人所喜爱。目前,《COSMOPOLITAN》

Hospitality and Tourism International Internships and Perceived Employability

This paper investigates the experiences of UK undergraduate students who have undertaken a one year paid internship abroad within the hotel sector by using a phenomenological approach.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 final year undergraduate students.The findings shed light on the alignment of key elements of the constructs of positive psychological capital and cosmopolitan human capital,along with strong self-belief in employability as a consequence of the experience.A theoretical model of international experience and positive psych-social development is postulated and contributes to improved practice in internship and employability mentoring and policy decision-making with respect to current internationalisation and employability agendas in the UK’s higher education system.

赫斯特眼中的出版新业态

Troy Young前往赫斯特建立的数字部门已有5年，现在他作为全球数字总裁，重新定义着拥有130年悠久历史的传统出版商。该媒体帝国旗下出版物不胜枚举，其中包括《Cosmopolitan》 《Esquire》 《Elle》 《GoodHousekeeping》《Town ＆Country》。

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis(Gracilariaceae,Rhodophyta)in the Mexican Coasts:A Case of Disjunct Distribution?

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is a widely reported species of marine red algae, with records from around the world. Particularly in Mexico, it has been recorded along the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean as well as the Tropical Mexican Pacific;so, its current distribution on the Mexican coasts is disjunct. From its molecular characterization with COI-5P and rbcL sequences of specimens collected at sites in Mexico where this species has been most frequently recorded, our aim was to re-evaluate the current distribution of Gp. lemaneiformis on the Mexican coasts and discuss the taxonomic implications. Phylogenetic analysis, supported by DNA species delimitation methods, genetic distances and morphological comparisons, showed that the current disjunct distribution of Gp. lemaniformis in Mexico is a consequence of taxonomic misidentifications. From our results, Gp. lemaneiformis is the only species of the genus with a distribution in the Tropical Mexican Pacific, whereas Gp. tenuifrons is the only species with a distribution in the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean. Also, we propose that Gp. cata-luziana is to be merged with Gp. tenuifrons, while Gp. costarisensis is to be merged with Gp. lemaneiformis.

想要摆脱拖延症,找对起因是关键

拖延症指将所计划执行的任务推迟到稍后时间的行为。拖延症患者通常会对开始或完成任何任务或决定感到焦虑,而将拖延作为应付焦虑的一种机制。那么如何才能有效克服焦虑症呢?美国《COSMOPOLITAN》杂志援引心理学专家的最新理论称,找到导致拖延症的起因是关键。法国心理专家雅克勒加尔在其新书《50种方法教您摆脱拖延症》中指出,拖延症将会影响工作及生活中的方方面面,对抗拖延症其实就是对抗精神萎靡的状态。

苏吉萨拉迦与当代后殖民圣经批评及诠释话语建构

20世纪90年代中后期,后殖民主义理论开始影响圣经研究领域,形成后殖民主义圣经批评,斯里兰卡裔英国圣经学者R.S.苏吉萨拉迦(R.S.Sugirtharajah)首倡此种批评范式,引起了第三世界及欧美诸多少数族裔学者的关注和参与,促成了后殖民圣经批评这一新的圣经诠释话语领域的兴起和发展,他也因此被称为神学界的“后殖民主义之父”①,因而,梳理苏吉萨拉迦的后殖民圣经批评思想有助于廓清该领域的一些基本理论特征及发展态势.本文将简要回顾其学术贡献并对其在建构第三世界后殖民话语体系方面的努力进行一些解读和批评.

Double Consciousness of Chinese Modernity:in the Cosmopolitan Ruins of Shanghai

This paper examines the inextricable relationship between the uncanny effects of knocking down Shanghai’s central district and their traumatic post-colonial implications.The value of the Chinese ruin,with its apocalyptic and contemporary imagery,begs to be discussed from a western perspective of ruin admiration as a metaphor for decadence and melancholy.This points to a new consciousness of globalization as means of conceptualizing well-established post-colonial orders at the heart of the urban deterioration of cityscapes.As a potential concept to spark a dialogue of cosmopolitanism between China and the west,urban ruins can be analyzed as a transnational,creative ethos that reimagines the Chinese city as never before.Taking the work of the Canadian photographer Greg Girard(born 1955),this article examines how his photograph book presents a cosmopolitan image of Shanghai’s derelict‘community lanes’(longtang or lilong)built in the city’s International Concessions(1842–1949),in which the past,present,and future are interwoven and redeemed.The authors argue that his ruin photography not only retriggers material knowledge of the city but also repurposes transcultural and creative expressions of mutually spectral moments of destruction and production between the east and the west,in which a myriad of potential features are discovered.

Rescuing Love from the Nation： Love, Nation, and Self in Xu Xu＇s Alternative Wartime Fiction and Drama

This essay explores the wartime fiction and drama of Xu Xu （徐訏, 1908-80）, one of China＇s most widely read authors of the Republican-period （1912-49）. By placing Xu Xu＇s popular spy fiction into the context of literary production during the war years, the essay illustrates that Xu Xu＇s oeuvre protested against an ideology of moral collectivism in which the individual had to submit self to a higher political authority that professed to represent the will of the nation. Through a literary aesthetic that largely defied the demands for a literature of resistance that subjugated the individual self to the national collective, Xu＇s ostensibly autobiographical I-novels brought comfort to urban readers whose personal salvation was rarely addressed in official wartime narratives depicting the nation in peril and calling for collective sacrifice. At the same time, Xu＇s confident cosmopolitan heroes satisfied urban readers＇ desire for political agency in the raging international conflict. Furthermore, this paper explores Xu Xu＇s wartime drama through which Xu attempted to piece together a quasi-existentialist vision of the individual and human experience that was revealed only under the extreme condition of war.

Identity Formation and Cosmopolitan Vision in Asian-American Literature

Asian-American literature is often identified as foreign by Asians and considered inauthentic American literature by the American mainstream.However,this minority group literature is unique in its characteristics so that it cannot be easily judged by either Asian or American norms.In order to better understand Asian-American literature,it is necessary to study how the members of Asian immigrant communities tend to form their own unique identities as Asian-Americans and to examine their literature using a new prism in light of cosmopolitanism,and not with any of the conventional perspectives.Identity formation has never been easy and natural for the bewildered and suffering Asian immigrants in the United States of America,especially for the second generation.Through the study of the Korean American writer Chang-rae Lee’s Native Speaker and the Chinese-American writer Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior,we hope to explore the possibilities and impossibilities in cultural and social identification represented in those works.Our study clearly reveals that the social and psychological conflicts that Asian immigrants experience are frequently projected on the works of the immigrant writers.A cosmopolitan prospect is often envisioned in their works as a way out for both the locals and the diasporas in today’s increasingly globalized world.