Aim: To detect risk and preventive factors associated with the Omicron variant infection in university students, a combination of a web-based survey and multivariate logistic regression analysis was introduced as the ...Aim: To detect risk and preventive factors associated with the Omicron variant infection in university students, a combination of a web-based survey and multivariate logistic regression analysis was introduced as the front-line initiatives by the school health practitioners. Design: Questionnaire survey. Methods: The school-wide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among our university students as a part of the annual health check-up in April, 2023. The positive outcome was confined to the first symptomatic COVID-19 onset during the Omicron variant outbreak. Results: In this self-administered survey, risk or protective associations were merely estimated statistically in university students (n = 5406). In measured factors, karaoke and club/group activities could maintain the statistical significance in adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as relative risk factors, and science course, measles/ rubella (MR) vaccination, and COVID-19 vaccination remained as relative protective factors in adjusted OR analyses. Club/group activities with member gathering and karaoke sing-along sessions in university students may frequently have WHO’s three Cs. These risk factors are still important topics for the infection control of COVID-19 in university students. Together with some recent reports from other researchers, the significant protective role of MR vaccine in our survey warrants further clinical investigation. If the breakthrough infection continuously constitutes the majority of infection, real data in test-negative case-control or web-based questionnaire design continue to be important for statistical analysis to determine the minimal requirement of our strategies which may be equivalent to or replace COVID-19 vaccines.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February 2020.Multiple variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.AIM To anal...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February 2020.Multiple variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.AIM To analyze and compare laboratory values in the"omicron"and"delta"variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution.METHODS A retrospective study,two groups,50 patients in each group.Patients examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given time.We reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry,including electrolytes and coagulation parameters.RESULTS The mean age was 52%,66.53±21.7 were female.No significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines:Blood count,hemo-globin,and lymphocytes(P=0.41,P=0.87,P=0.97).Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts,though they are not significantly different(P=0.38).Coagulation tests:Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio(P=0.72,P=0.68).We found no significance of abnormality for all electrolytes.CONCLUSION The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus–omicron and delta.We found no significance between the variants.Our results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.展开更多
目的:分析新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)相关心律失常的文献,探索该领域的研究现状、热点并预测未来的趋势,为后来的研究者提供借鉴。方法:选择Web of Science的核心合集数据库,每项研究都进行了文献计量和视觉分析,使用CiteSpace和VOSvie...目的:分析新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)相关心律失常的文献,探索该领域的研究现状、热点并预测未来的趋势,为后来的研究者提供借鉴。方法:选择Web of Science的核心合集数据库,每项研究都进行了文献计量和视觉分析,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件生成知识图谱。结果:共鉴定出768篇文章,发文涉及美国、意大利和中国为首的319个国家/地区和4 366个机构,领先的研究机构是梅奥诊所和哈佛医学院。New England Journal of Medicine是该领域最常被引用的期刊。在6 687位作者中,Arbelo Elena撰写的研究最多,Guo T被共同引用的次数最多,心房纤颤是最常见的关键词。结论:随着COVID-19的暴发,对COVID-19所致新发/进行性心律失常事件的研究蓬勃发展,未来的研究者可能会对COVID-19感染后新发或遗留的快速性心律失常/缓慢性心律失常的发生机制进行进一步的探索。展开更多
目的分析COVID-19疫情暴发前后不同国家经季节和日历调整后的生育率(seasonally and calendar adjusted fertility rate,SAFR)趋势的变化及其影响因素。方法使用国际人类生育力数据库(Human Fertility Database,HFD)中28个国家自2012年...目的分析COVID-19疫情暴发前后不同国家经季节和日历调整后的生育率(seasonally and calendar adjusted fertility rate,SAFR)趋势的变化及其影响因素。方法使用国际人类生育力数据库(Human Fertility Database,HFD)中28个国家自2012年1月至2022年12月的月度SAFR数据,以2020年12月(2020年3月疫情暴发起点加9个月妊娠过程)为节点划分为疫情前(2012.1-2020.11)和疫情后(2020.12-2022.12)进行比较,使用中断时间序列方法分析各国疫情前后的SAFR趋势(短期波动和长期趋势)是否发生变化,使用秩和检验分析疫情前SAFR、人均GDP、公共卫生和社会措施(public health and social measures,PHSM)和失业率是否与SAFR趋势变化有关。结果疫情后28个国家中19个国家的SAFR出现短期下降,随后反弹。对于长期趋势,2个国家由下降趋势转为上升趋势,8个国家由上升趋势转为下降趋势,6个国家的SAFR保持不变。SAFR变化率下降主要集中在部分中欧国家以及地中海西岸的国家,而SAFR变化率增加的国家主要分布在北欧以及西欧地区。SAFR无短期波动的国家疫情前的SAFR低于有短期波动的国家(P=0.041),SAFR变化率下降国家的疫情前SAFR(P=0.005)与人均GDP(P=0.027)均低于SAFR变化率上升国家。未发现SAFR短期波动或长期趋势与PHSM严重程度指数或失业率存在关联。结论COVID-19疫情对28个国家的SAFR造成了不同的短期和长期影响,特别是经济水平和疫情前SAFR相对较低的国家可能更易遭到进一步打击。COVID-19疫情对各国人口的更长期影响值得进一步关注。展开更多
Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona...Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients(LTRs)tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications.Therefore,COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs.Data sources:The keywords“liver transplant”,“SARS-CoV-2”,and“vaccine”were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed.Results:The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low,and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination.Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer,a proportion of patients remained unresponsive.Furthermore,recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs,including allograft rejection and liver injury.Conclusions:This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine,risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Psychological assessment after intensive care unit(ICU)discharge is increasingly used to assess patients'cognitive and psychological well-being.However,few studies have examined those who recovered from...BACKGROUND Psychological assessment after intensive care unit(ICU)discharge is increasingly used to assess patients'cognitive and psychological well-being.However,few studies have examined those who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).There is a paucity of data from the Middle East assessing the post-ICU discharge mental health status of patients who had COVID-19.AIM To evaluate anxiety and depression among patients who had severe COVID-19.METHODS This is a prospective single-center follow-up questionnaire-based study of adults who were admitted to the ICU or under ICU consultation for>24 h for COVID-19.Eligible patients were contacted via telephone.The patient’s anxiety and depression six months after ICU discharge were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS).The primary outcome was the mean HADS score.The secondary outcomes were risk factors of anxiety and/or depression.RESULTS Patients who were admitted to the ICU because of COVID-19 were screened(n=518).Of these,48 completed the questionnaires.The mean age was 56.3±17.2 years.Thirty patients(62.5%)were male.The main comorbidities were endocrine(n=24,50%)and cardiovascular(n=21,43.8%)diseases.The mean overall HADS score for anxiety and depression at 6 months post-ICU discharge was 11.4(SD±8.5).A HADS score of>7 for anxiety and depression was detected in 15 patients(30%)and 18 patients(36%),respectively.Results from the multivariable ordered logistic regression demonstrated that vasopressor use was associated with the development of anxiety and depression[odds ratio(OR)39.06,95% confidence interval:1.309-1165.8;P<0.05].CONCLUSION Six months after ICU discharge,30% of patients who had COVID-19 demonstrated a HADS score that confirmed anxiety and depression.To compare the psychological status of patients following an ICU admission(with vs without COVID-19),further studies are warranted.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.It has affected over 768 million people worldwide,result...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.It has affected over 768 million people worldwide,resulting in approx-imately 6900000 deaths.High-risk groups,identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,chronic lung disease,serious heart conditions,and chronic kidney disease.Research indicates that those with T2DM face a hei-ghtened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals.Examining the renin-angiotensin system(RAS),a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability,reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 enzymes.ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II,while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7,a vasodilator.Reduced ACE2 exp-ression,common in diabetes,intensifies RAS activity,contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis.Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels,concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes,potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry.This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM.Potential treatment strategies,including recombinant human ACE2 therapy,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs,and epigenetic signature detection,are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.展开更多
文摘Aim: To detect risk and preventive factors associated with the Omicron variant infection in university students, a combination of a web-based survey and multivariate logistic regression analysis was introduced as the front-line initiatives by the school health practitioners. Design: Questionnaire survey. Methods: The school-wide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among our university students as a part of the annual health check-up in April, 2023. The positive outcome was confined to the first symptomatic COVID-19 onset during the Omicron variant outbreak. Results: In this self-administered survey, risk or protective associations were merely estimated statistically in university students (n = 5406). In measured factors, karaoke and club/group activities could maintain the statistical significance in adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as relative risk factors, and science course, measles/ rubella (MR) vaccination, and COVID-19 vaccination remained as relative protective factors in adjusted OR analyses. Club/group activities with member gathering and karaoke sing-along sessions in university students may frequently have WHO’s three Cs. These risk factors are still important topics for the infection control of COVID-19 in university students. Together with some recent reports from other researchers, the significant protective role of MR vaccine in our survey warrants further clinical investigation. If the breakthrough infection continuously constitutes the majority of infection, real data in test-negative case-control or web-based questionnaire design continue to be important for statistical analysis to determine the minimal requirement of our strategies which may be equivalent to or replace COVID-19 vaccines.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February 2020.Multiple variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.AIM To analyze and compare laboratory values in the"omicron"and"delta"variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution.METHODS A retrospective study,two groups,50 patients in each group.Patients examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given time.We reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry,including electrolytes and coagulation parameters.RESULTS The mean age was 52%,66.53±21.7 were female.No significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines:Blood count,hemo-globin,and lymphocytes(P=0.41,P=0.87,P=0.97).Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts,though they are not significantly different(P=0.38).Coagulation tests:Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio(P=0.72,P=0.68).We found no significance of abnormality for all electrolytes.CONCLUSION The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus–omicron and delta.We found no significance between the variants.Our results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.
文摘目的:分析新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)相关心律失常的文献,探索该领域的研究现状、热点并预测未来的趋势,为后来的研究者提供借鉴。方法:选择Web of Science的核心合集数据库,每项研究都进行了文献计量和视觉分析,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件生成知识图谱。结果:共鉴定出768篇文章,发文涉及美国、意大利和中国为首的319个国家/地区和4 366个机构,领先的研究机构是梅奥诊所和哈佛医学院。New England Journal of Medicine是该领域最常被引用的期刊。在6 687位作者中,Arbelo Elena撰写的研究最多,Guo T被共同引用的次数最多,心房纤颤是最常见的关键词。结论:随着COVID-19的暴发,对COVID-19所致新发/进行性心律失常事件的研究蓬勃发展,未来的研究者可能会对COVID-19感染后新发或遗留的快速性心律失常/缓慢性心律失常的发生机制进行进一步的探索。
文摘目的分析COVID-19疫情暴发前后不同国家经季节和日历调整后的生育率(seasonally and calendar adjusted fertility rate,SAFR)趋势的变化及其影响因素。方法使用国际人类生育力数据库(Human Fertility Database,HFD)中28个国家自2012年1月至2022年12月的月度SAFR数据,以2020年12月(2020年3月疫情暴发起点加9个月妊娠过程)为节点划分为疫情前(2012.1-2020.11)和疫情后(2020.12-2022.12)进行比较,使用中断时间序列方法分析各国疫情前后的SAFR趋势(短期波动和长期趋势)是否发生变化,使用秩和检验分析疫情前SAFR、人均GDP、公共卫生和社会措施(public health and social measures,PHSM)和失业率是否与SAFR趋势变化有关。结果疫情后28个国家中19个国家的SAFR出现短期下降,随后反弹。对于长期趋势,2个国家由下降趋势转为上升趋势,8个国家由上升趋势转为下降趋势,6个国家的SAFR保持不变。SAFR变化率下降主要集中在部分中欧国家以及地中海西岸的国家,而SAFR变化率增加的国家主要分布在北欧以及西欧地区。SAFR无短期波动的国家疫情前的SAFR低于有短期波动的国家(P=0.041),SAFR变化率下降国家的疫情前SAFR(P=0.005)与人均GDP(P=0.027)均低于SAFR变化率上升国家。未发现SAFR短期波动或长期趋势与PHSM严重程度指数或失业率存在关联。结论COVID-19疫情对28个国家的SAFR造成了不同的短期和长期影响,特别是经济水平和疫情前SAFR相对较低的国家可能更易遭到进一步打击。COVID-19疫情对各国人口的更长期影响值得进一步关注。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82103662).
文摘Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients(LTRs)tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications.Therefore,COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs.Data sources:The keywords“liver transplant”,“SARS-CoV-2”,and“vaccine”were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed.Results:The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low,and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination.Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer,a proportion of patients remained unresponsive.Furthermore,recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs,including allograft rejection and liver injury.Conclusions:This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine,risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project number,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,No.RSPD2024R919.
文摘BACKGROUND Psychological assessment after intensive care unit(ICU)discharge is increasingly used to assess patients'cognitive and psychological well-being.However,few studies have examined those who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).There is a paucity of data from the Middle East assessing the post-ICU discharge mental health status of patients who had COVID-19.AIM To evaluate anxiety and depression among patients who had severe COVID-19.METHODS This is a prospective single-center follow-up questionnaire-based study of adults who were admitted to the ICU or under ICU consultation for>24 h for COVID-19.Eligible patients were contacted via telephone.The patient’s anxiety and depression six months after ICU discharge were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS).The primary outcome was the mean HADS score.The secondary outcomes were risk factors of anxiety and/or depression.RESULTS Patients who were admitted to the ICU because of COVID-19 were screened(n=518).Of these,48 completed the questionnaires.The mean age was 56.3±17.2 years.Thirty patients(62.5%)were male.The main comorbidities were endocrine(n=24,50%)and cardiovascular(n=21,43.8%)diseases.The mean overall HADS score for anxiety and depression at 6 months post-ICU discharge was 11.4(SD±8.5).A HADS score of>7 for anxiety and depression was detected in 15 patients(30%)and 18 patients(36%),respectively.Results from the multivariable ordered logistic regression demonstrated that vasopressor use was associated with the development of anxiety and depression[odds ratio(OR)39.06,95% confidence interval:1.309-1165.8;P<0.05].CONCLUSION Six months after ICU discharge,30% of patients who had COVID-19 demonstrated a HADS score that confirmed anxiety and depression.To compare the psychological status of patients following an ICU admission(with vs without COVID-19),further studies are warranted.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.It has affected over 768 million people worldwide,resulting in approx-imately 6900000 deaths.High-risk groups,identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),obesity,chronic lung disease,serious heart conditions,and chronic kidney disease.Research indicates that those with T2DM face a hei-ghtened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals.Examining the renin-angiotensin system(RAS),a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability,reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 enzymes.ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II,while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7,a vasodilator.Reduced ACE2 exp-ression,common in diabetes,intensifies RAS activity,contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis.Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels,concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes,potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry.This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM.Potential treatment strategies,including recombinant human ACE2 therapy,broad-spectrum antiviral drugs,and epigenetic signature detection,are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.
