Scientific statement of the Chinese Society of Cardiology(CSC) on using of renin angiotensin system blockers in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a worldwide public health crisis. Published clinical data from China and other countries have shown a much higher risk of developing COVID-19 and dying from the disease among the elderly, especially among those who had preexisting hypertension, cardiovascular diseases(CVD) and diabetes mellitus[1].

“Three medicines and three formulas”in COVID-19:from bench to bedside

Chinese guideline has proven effective in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)during the global spread of the epidemic.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widely recognized for its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms,inhibiting disease progress,reducing mortality,and improving the cure rate of patients with COVID-19.During the pandemic,“three medicines and three formulas”(TMTFs)stood out from hundreds of others in registered clinical studies,which became highly recommended as TCM for COVID-19 treatment.The TMTFs not only effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of fever,cough,fatigue,and phlegm,but also substantially shorten the time of nucleic acid negative conversion,improve lung computed tomography imaging features and inflammation,ameliorate clinical biochemical indicators,and reduce sequelae.Their potential pharmacological mechanisms are mainly related to the crosstalk between viral toxicity,endothelial damage,cytokine storm,immune response,and microthrombus.In brief,the clinical effects and the potential mechanisms of TMTFs on COVID-19 were systematically analyzed and summarized covering the entirety of disease development,including virus invasion and replication,immune response and cytokine storm,and acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.This review provides a theoretical basis and reference for the in-depth understanding of the positive role of TMTFs in COVID-19 treatment.

Effects of cumulative COVID-19 cases on mental health:Evidence from multi-country survey

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety were both ranked among the top 25 leading causes of global burden of diseases in 2019 prior to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.The pandemic affected,and in many cases threatened,the health and lives of millions of people across the globe and within the first year,global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by 25%with the greatest influx in places highly affected by COVID-19.AIM To explore the psychological impact of the pandemic and resultant restrictions in different countries using an opportunistic sample and online questionnaire in different phases of the pandemic.METHODS A repeated,cross-sectional online international survey of adults,16 years and above,was carried out in 10 countries(United Kingdom,India,Canada,Bangladesh,Ukraine,Hong Kong,Pakistan,Egypt,Bahrain,Saudi Arabia).The online questionnaire was based on published approaches to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 and the resultant restrictions.Five standardised measures were included to explore levels of depression[patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)],anxiety[generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)assessment],impact of trauma[the impact of events scale-revised(IES-R)],loneliness(a brief loneliness scale),and social support(The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social support).RESULTS There were two rounds of the online survey in 10 countries with 42866 participants in Round 1 and 92260 in Round 2.The largest number of participants recruited from the United Kingdom(112985 overall).The majority of participants reported receiving no support from mental health services throughout the pandemic.This study found that the daily cumulative COVID-19 cases had a statistically significant effect on PHQ-9,GAD-7,and IES-R scores.These scores significantly increased in the second round of surveys with the ordinary least squares regression results with regression discontinuity design specification(to control lockdown effects)confirming these results.The study findings imply that participants’mental health worsened with high cumulative COVID-19 cases.CONCLUSION Whist we are still living through the impact of COVID-19,this paper focuses on its impact on mental health,discusses the possible consequences and future implications.This study revealed that daily cumulative COVID-19 cases have a significant impact on depression,anxiety,and trauma.Increasing cumulative cases influenced and impacted education,employment,socialization and finances,to name but a few.Building a database of global evidence will allow for future planning of pandemics,particularly the impact on mental health of populations considering the cultural differences.

Experiences of Counselors Who Provided Psychological Support during COVID-19 Disaster: A Qualitative Study

Background:In crisis intervention sites such as infectious disease disasters,counselors are repeatedly exposed,directly or indirectly,to the traumatic experiences of victims.Disaster counseling has a negative effect on coun-selors,which can eventually interfere with the counseling process for disaster victims.Therefore,exploring and understanding the experiences of counselors is necessary to ensure that qualitative counseling for disaster victims can be continuously and efficiently conducted.Objectives:This study investigated the experiences of counselors who participated in mental health counseling as psychological support for victims of the COVID-19 disaster in Korea.Design:This is a qualitative study.Participants:The study participants comprised 18 counselors who had mental health professional qualifications of level 2 or higher and who had provided mental health counseling for COVID-19 confirmed cases and quarantined persons.Methods:Data were collected using focus group interviews from February 21 to May 29,2021.The duration of each interview was 60–90 min,and the data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:Thefinal theme was“Continuing to walk this road anytime,anywhere.”The par-ticipants’experiences were identified in four sub-themes:“being deployed to unprepared counseling,”“encoun-tering various difficulties,”“feeling full of meaning and value,”and“hoping to become a better counselor.”Conclusions:In order to continuously provide qualitative counseling in case of an infectious disease disaster such as COVID-19,it is important to develop a qualification and competency strengthening program through educa-tion and training to secure the crisis intervention expertise of counselors according to the characteristics of the disaster.In addition,a psychological support manual for each disaster should be prepared at the national level according to the type of disaster.

Medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)which was first detected in Wuhan,China in December 2019 is caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2).The virus has quickly spread to a large number of countries leading to a great number of deaths.Unfortunately,till today there is no specific treatment or vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.Most of the suggested treatment medications are based on in vitro laboratory investigations,experimental animal models,or previous clinical experience in treating similar viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 or other retroviral infections.The running of any clinical trial during a pandemic is affected at multiple levels.Reasons for this include patient hesitancy or inability to continue investigative treatments due to self-isolation/quarantine,or limited access to public places(including hospitals).Additional barriers relate to health care professionals being committed to other critical tasks or quarantining themselves due to contact with COVID-19 positive patients.The best research approaches are those that adapt to such external unplanned obstacles.Ongoing clinical trials before COVID-19 pandemic have the potential for identifying important therapies in the long-term if they can be completed as planned.However,these clinical trials may require modifications due a pandemic such as this one to ensure the rights,safety,and wellbeing of participants as well as medical staff involved in the conduction of clinical trials.Clinical trials initiated during the pandemic must be time-efficient and flexible due to high contagiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,the significant number of reported deaths,and time constraints needed to perform high quality clinical trials,enrolling adequate sample sizes.Collaboration between different countries as well as implementation of innovative clinical trial designs are essential to successfully complete such initiatives during the current pandemic.Studies looking at the long term sequalae of COVID-19 are also of importance as recent publications describe multi-organ involvement.Long term follow-up of COVID-19 survivors is thus also important to identify possible physical and mental health sequellae.

Advances in the mechanism of liver injury caused by COVID-19

In addition to the performance of the respiratory system,COVID-19 can also have different degrees of abnormal liver function,and even liver injury and liver failure may occur in serious cases.In addition,infection with novel coronavirus will aggravate the liver damage of patients with chronic liver disease,resulting in a significant increase in severe morbidity and mortality.Based on this,this paper briefly reviews the mechanism of liver injury caused by COVID-19 and its impact on patients with chronic liver disease,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Study on the demand for public health professional after the COVID-19 epidemic in Zhejiang Province, China: A survey based on human-machine collaboration

To understand the needs of public health institutions in Zhejiang Province,China for public health personnel,and provide basis for training public health personnel.Methods:512 public health institutions in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected from different levels and regions,and the number of ublic health professional and the demand for professional ability were investigated by questionnaire.Results:The preventive medicine personnel in public health institutions in Zhejiang Province are insufficient;There is a certain disjunction or dislocation between the abilities and needs of public health professional;The way of continuing education for public health professional is single and the opportunities are few.Conclusion:Zhejiang Province should appropriately expand the enrollment of preventive medicine majors,especially high-level preventive medicine talents,deepen the education and teaching reform of preventive medicine majors,and strengthen the continuing education and training of public health professional to meet the needs of public health services after the COVID-19 epidemic.

How Has Covid-19 Affected Published Academic Research?A Content Analysis of Journal Articles Mentioning the Virus

Purpose:Methods to tackle Covid-19 have been developed by a wave of biomedical research but the pandemic has also influenced many aspects of society,generating a need for research into its consequences,and potentially changing the way existing topics are investigated.This article investigates the nature of this influence on the wider academic research mission.Design/methodology/approach:This article reports an inductive content analysis of 500 randomly selected journal articles mentioning Covid-19,as recorded by the Dimensions scholarly database on 19 March 2021.Covid-19 mentions were coded for the influence of the disease on the research.Findings:Whilst two thirds of these articles were about biomedicine(e.g.treatments,vaccines,virology),or health services in response to Covid-19,others covered the pandemic economy,society,safety,or education.In addition,some articles were not about the pandemic but stated that Covid-19 had increased or decreased the value of the reported research or changed the context in which it was conducted.Research limitations:The findings relate only to Covid-19 influences declared in published journal articles.Practical implications:Research managers and funders should consider whether their current procedures are effective in supporting researchers to address the evolving demands of pandemic societies,particularly in terms of timeliness.Originality/value:The results show that although health research dominates the academic response to Covid-19,it is more widely disrupting academic research with new demands and challenges.

Analyzing COVID-19 Impact on the Researchers Productivity through Their Perceptions

Context:Since the end of 2019,the COVID-19 pandemic had a worst impact on world’s economy,healthcare,and education.There are several aspects where the impact of COVID-19 could be visualized.Among these,one aspect is the productivity of researcher,which plays a significant role in the success of an organization.Problem:There are several factors that could be aligned with the researcher’s productivity of each domain and whose analysis through researcher’s feedback could be beneficial for decision makers in terms of their decision making and implementation of mitigation plans for the success of an organization.Method:We perform an empirical study to investigate the substantial impact of COVID-19 on the productivity of researchers by analyzing the relevant factors through their perceptions.Our study aims to find out the impact of COVID-19 on the researcher’s productivity that are working in different fields.In this study,we conduct a questionnaire-based analysis,which included feedback of 152 researchers of certain domains.These researchers are currently involved in different research activities.Subsequently,we perform a statistical analysis to analyze the collected responses and report the findings.Findings:The results indicate the substantial impact of COVID-19 pandemics on the researcher’s productivity in terms of mental disturbance,lack of regular meetings,and field visits for the collection of primary data.Conclusion:Finally,it is concluded that researcher’s daily or weekly meetings with their supervisors and colleagues are necessary to keep them more productive in task completion.These findings would help the decision makers of an organization in the settlement of their plan for the success of an organization.

COVID-19 sequelae:Clinical features and research progress

With the increasing number of COVID-19 patients cured and discharged,the emergence of associated sequelae has become a new global health crisis following acute infection.The sequela of COVID-19 involves many systems such as respiration,circulation,nerve,digestion,psychological cognition,and so on,with varying duration and severity,seriously affecting people's physical and mental health,as well as the development of society.This paper summarizes the clinical characteristics and research progress of COVID-19 sequelae through extensive review of relevant domestic and foreign literature,in order to provide reference for the development of a comprehensive and systematic management system.

Occupational Therapy in Cancer Survivorship—A Toolkit for Stimulating Rapid-Research on the Neglected Domain of “Participation” during COVID-19

COVID-19 has disrupted people’s occupational daily activities with detrimental impact on their daily living performances and quality of life. Occupational therapy contributes toward restoring health by remediating limitation in participation in meaningful occupation with lifestyle redesign interventions. However, the research gap on the area of “participation-limitation” for the field of Occupational Therapy in cancer survivorship during the COVID-19 is largely untapped and unknown. This commentary-review paper discussed the PEO-OT (person-environment-occupation) grid as a conceptual toolkit for stimulating research in the domain of occupational participation—an essential aspect in the field of occupational therapy, for cancer survivors. It applies the expertise finding from a large Delphi study on research priority in the fields and integrating these into evidenced methodology, to provide a structure to guide the novice researchers towards rapid reviews, by selecting evidence-based methods to ensure contextually-relevant enquiry to identify the “occupational-participation issues”—i.e., an emerging social determinant of health, affecting the daily self-management of cancer survivors with or without comorbidities.

Nursing Research during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

Purpose: This review paper aimed to provide an overview of the published nursing research related to the COVID-19 pandemic over the last six months. Method: Online Google Scholar database was searched for COVID-19 related articles published between the 1st of Jan 2020 and 15th of June 2020. Findings: The initial search found 1930 results from combining the search between the words “nurse” and “nursing” with COVID-19. Only 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. Most of the studies focused on psychological factors (33.3%), followed by clinical practices (29.2%). The majority of the authors have an academic affiliation (70.8%), only (12.5%) have a clinical affiliation. About (21%) of the articles were funded, (90%) of this fund came from China. Most of the authors utilized the quantitative approach (27.1%);the qualitative approach has been used by (4.2%);only one article (2.1%) utilized the mixed methodology. No study used a theoretical or conceptual framework. Mainly, the nurses conducted their research independently (52.1%), while (35.4%) has been done in a multidisciplinary team;35.3% of them were done in collaboration with physicians. Conclusion: The results indicate that the nurses responded immediately to the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting researches mainly by utilizing a quantitative approach and writing a lot of editorials. To enrich the research results, nurses worked in research in collaboration with other disciplines, especially physicians. Still, the nursing research funding is under the limit. Stress and psychological factors are the primary concern for the nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Policy and research frame of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic:reflections on urban informality

How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions and policy frame that would assist future researchers and policymakers on the subject of pandemics in densely populated urban settlements.The authors argue that the nexus between asking the appropriate questions and developing appropriate policy response measures during a pandemic can significantly impact the outcome of the response.The paper examines how the government of Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a deep-rooted socio-economic and cultural inequality when"blanket"policies are adopted without taking into consideration the tnique dynamics characterizing the society.The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing COVID-19 containment policies such as lockdowns,the cession of movement,working from home,distance learning,and social distancing are affected by other factors such as the nature of jobs,one's income levels,where someone lives,cultural beliefs,access to water,sanitation,intemet,and medical facilities.This means that a significant number of people within the society experience a double tragedy from the pandemic and impact of government response measures.Yet most of the existing literature has focused on the causes,spread,and impact of the pandemic on health institutions,economies,and public health with little emphasis on the impact on policy measures especially on the vulnerable segments of the society.This paper,therefore,looks at the question of how the various public health intervention strategies disrupt or construct the livelihood of the already complex informal settlement.It provides policymakers and researchers with a number of questions that can frame policy and research during a pandemic with important consideration to urban informality.

Vaccine Research in COVID-19: A Living Scoping Review Protocol

Objective:This scoping review will summarize COVID-19 vaccine research activities and describe the extent,range,and nature of evidence in the research of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods:Following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the methodological guidance of Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI),we propose a scoping review to summarize the extent,range,and na-ture of evidence in research related to COVID-19 vaccines.Based on research questions developed by us,a comprehensive search will be performed using the PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,CBM,VIP,and WanFang databases by two independent reviewers.According to our predefined inclusion criteria,pairs of reviewers will independently assess theeligibility of the identified studies from the databases.Following literature selection,pairs of reviewers will extract relevant information related to our research questions.Subsequently,methodological quality and reporting quality of key evidence types(i.e.,random-ized controlled trials,systematic reviews,and meta-analyses)will be evaluated using commonly used tools,if possible.Qualitative synthesis and descriptive statistics will be used to summarize and present the results.In addition,new or updated meta-analysis will be conducted to pool the available data in included primary studies where possible.To track the trends in COVID-19 vaccine research,we plan to update our results approximately every 2-3 months.For preparing this scoping review protocol,we referred to the PRISMA-P checklist,and for reporting the following full texts,we will be following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.Conclusion:We believe that the results of this scoping review on COVID-19 vaccine will contribute to providing foundational knowledge and will have significant value in the research and practice concerning COVID-19 vaccines.The findings will also allow us to identify research gaps on this topic and also help us guide future research on COVID-19 vaccines.

Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Research and the Changing International Collaboration Structure

Research in Information Science and interdisciplinary areas suggested the formation of a growing network of international research collaboration.The massive transmission of COVID-19 worldwide especially after the identification of the Omicron variant could fundamentally alter the factors shaping the network's development.This study employs network analysis methods to analyze the structure of the COVID-19 research collaboration from 2020 to 2022,using two major academic publication databases and the VOSviewer software.A novel temporal view is added by examining the dynamic changes of the network,and a fractional counting method is adopted as methodological improvements to previous research.Analysis reveals that the COVID-19 research network structure has undergone substantial changes over time,as collaborating countries and regions form and re-form new clusters.Transformations in the network can be partly explained by key developments in the pandemic and other social-political events.China as one of the largest pivots in the network formed a relatively distinct cluster,with potential to develop a larger Asia-Pacific collaboration cluster based on its research impact.

以COVID-19科研论文为课堂设计主线在免疫学线上教学中的应用

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情条件下开展《医学免疫学》线上理论课教学,为医学生和教师提出了新的挑战。为达到线上线下教学同质的目标要求,线上课堂设计必须符合学员线上认知规律。在教学过程中,我们以新近发表的COVID-19相关科技论文为主线,完成主体教学内容讲授;并通过辅助课堂,整合多种资源,利用线上平台优势加强师生互动。上述实践完成了课程标准要求,并取得了较好的教学效果,为今后开展线上或线上线下融合模式《医学免疫学》教学提供了有益经验。

Understanding the pregnant women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic:A qualitative study

Objective To explore and interpret the experiences of pregnant women in Macao region,China during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Recruitment advertisements were published through multiple social platforms in Macao region,China.A purposive snowball sampling method was adopted to select interviewees.Eighteen women who were confirmed as pregnant from January to May 2020 participated in this qualitative study.Data was collected from November to December 2020 using in-depth personal interviews.One-to-one interviews were conducted by telephone to avoid personal contact.Thematic analysis was used to perform the data analysis and identify emergent themes.Results Five themes emerged from the data analysis:changes in daily life,psychological distress,unique experiences of pregnancy follow-up,trying to pay attention to health information but also feeling overwhelmed,and change in hygiene behaviors due to fear of infection.Six sub-themes were identified:being confined at home but understanding the reasons,financial pressures and timely support from the government,perceived risk of catching the infection,retaining optimism with various help and support,adequate personal protections,and obsessive hygiene behaviors.Conclusion During a pandemic,there is a risk of greater individual isolation,particularly for vulnerable groups such as women in pregnancy.The humanized attention to and support for the residents from the government buffered the adverse impact on the study participants.Preplanning for such events is needed to focus on psychological distress,financial constraints,and prenatal health services.Alternative service delivery,such as telemedicine,online counseling,and virtual reality(VR)technology,should be applied to offer pregnant women timely support and avoid a crisis.

The psychological experience of Chinese nurses in support of COVID-19 frontline:A qualitative study

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the real psychological experience of the frontline support nurses in fight against COVID-19,so as to provide a reference basis for targeted intervention and ensure the mental health of the frontline support nurses.Methods: The objective sampling method was used to conduct semi‑structured interviews with 9 frontline support nurses fighting COVID‑19,and the interview contents were analyzed using Colaizzi’s 7‑step method.Results: The psychological experience of frontline support nurses in fight against COVID-19 can be summarized into four themes: Thecoexistence of negative psychological experience and positive psychological experience (tension, anxiety, fear, and depression);psychologicalpressure;many factors that affect the negative psychological experience (the stimulation of the external environment, the care of family members,the guidance of network public opinion);and solid support system (good family support and rich social support).Conclusion: Although frontline support nurses have negative emotions and bear great psychological pressure, they all have a high sense ofprofessional responsibility. Therefore, managers should pay attention to their psychological experience and provide targeted assistance to them.

Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the COVID-19 pandemic

The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2[SARSCoV-2,or coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)]was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11,2020.Worldwide,more than 65 million people have been infected with this SARS-CoV-2 virus,and over 1.5 million people have died due to the viral illness.Although a tremendous amount of medical progress has been made since its inception,there continues to be ongoing research regarding the pathophysiology,treatments,and vaccines.While a vast majority of those infected develop only mild to moderate symptoms,about 5%of people have severe forms of infection resulting in respiratory failure,myocarditis,septic shock,or multi-organ failure.Despite maximal cardiopulmonary support and invasive mechanical ventilation,mortality remains high.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)remains a valid treatment option when maximal conventional strategies fail.Utilization of ECMO in the pandemic is challenging from both resource allocation and ethical standpoints.This article reviews the rationale behind its use,current status of utilization,and future considerations for ECMO in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Visual analysis of the research situation of corona virus disease 2019

Objective:To understand the research status of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),analyze research hotspots and dynamic frontiers,and provide ideas for the research of COVID-19.Methods:Bibliometrics method was used to retrieve documents related to COVID-19 research through China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Web of Science,Pubmed databases,and the number of literature data,author,country,institution,source,keywords using CiteSpace,SPSS,Excel perform statistical analysis on other aspects,explain the current status and development trend of new coronavirus pneumonia research,and analyze and identify the research hotspots and dynamic frontiers of COVID-19 through the visual presentation of knowledge graph.Results:With the global spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic,a large number of studies on COVID-19 have been performed worldwide.In this paper,a total of 7,647 articles were retrieved through a database search,and 5,182 documents that met the criteria were selected for bibliographic analysis,including 2,388 Chinese documents.Articles,2,794 English literature,a total of 94 countries,3,985 institutions,10,339 authors participated in the relevant research of COVID-19,involving 999 kinds of journals,the Chinese scientific research team played a major role in the COVID-19 research,providing an important epidemic situation related research results.Conclusion:The current research focus is primarily on disease recognition,epidemic prevention and control,traditional Chinese medicine,clinical diagnosis and treatment,and epidemiology.