Photo‐catalyzed tandem dearomatization/carboxylation of benzyl o‐halogenated aryl ether with CO_(2) was achieved,which affords spirocyclic carboxylic acids under mild conditions.The reaction has good functional grou...Photo‐catalyzed tandem dearomatization/carboxylation of benzyl o‐halogenated aryl ether with CO_(2) was achieved,which affords spirocyclic carboxylic acids under mild conditions.The reaction has good functional group tolerance with high yields.Mechanism studies indicate that the transformation was realized via intramolecular radical addition and nucleophilic addition.展开更多
Electrosynthesis and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization both have gained interest in recent years due to the efforts to alleviate the climate crisis.Significant progress in the field of electrochemical carboxylation us...Electrosynthesis and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization both have gained interest in recent years due to the efforts to alleviate the climate crisis.Significant progress in the field of electrochemical carboxylation using CO_(2) or electrocarboxylation of organic substrates,particularly organohalides and alkenes,has been made in the past decade.Different components of electrocarboxylation experimental setup as well as the understandings of the mechanism play an important role in the success of the carboxylate syntheses.In this review,overview of the proposed mechanisms and the electrochemical setup are described.The significance of electrochemical components,such as the effect of different cathodes,sacrificial anode materials,and other additives,are explained.The examples of electrocarboxylation for both organohalides and olefins are provided.Lastly,the current trends in the field and future directions are discussed.展开更多
为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P0)和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)(P180)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC...为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P0)和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)(P180)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC)对作物叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值、CO_(2)羧化能力、光系统间协调性和间作产量优势的影响。结果表明:与FIC和GIC相比,RIC显著提高了间作玉米吐丝期SPAD值及吐丝期、乳熟期功能叶的表观量子效率(AQY)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、最大羧化效率(V_(c,max))、CO_(2)饱和时的净光合速率(A_(max))和光系统间协调性(Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ)),降低了乳熟期功能叶K相可变荧光Fk占F_(j)-F_(o)振幅的比例(Wk)和J相可变荧光F_(j)占F_(p)-F_(o)振幅的比例(V_(j)),各指标在FIC与GIC间差异不显著。与FIC相比,RIC和GIC能够提高间作花生生育后期LAI和结荚期SPAD值,显著提高了V_(c,max)、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),降低荚果膨大期功能叶Wk和V_(j)值,各指标在RIC与GIC间差异不显著。RIC的土地当量比和间作产量优势均高于FIC和GIC;施磷能进一步促进间作玉米、花生功能叶的V_(c,max)、Jmax、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),提高间作产量优势。表明同垄间作可通过改善间作玉米、花生功能叶的光合电子传递及光系统间协调性,增强CO_(2)羧化固定能力,提高光合速率,进而增加作物产量和间作优势。展开更多
文摘Photo‐catalyzed tandem dearomatization/carboxylation of benzyl o‐halogenated aryl ether with CO_(2) was achieved,which affords spirocyclic carboxylic acids under mild conditions.The reaction has good functional group tolerance with high yields.Mechanism studies indicate that the transformation was realized via intramolecular radical addition and nucleophilic addition.
基金project is supported by Mahidol University (Basic Research Fund: fiscal year 2021)the Young Scientist Scholarship from Faculty of Science, Mahidol University and Research Fellowship from Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
文摘Electrosynthesis and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization both have gained interest in recent years due to the efforts to alleviate the climate crisis.Significant progress in the field of electrochemical carboxylation using CO_(2) or electrocarboxylation of organic substrates,particularly organohalides and alkenes,has been made in the past decade.Different components of electrocarboxylation experimental setup as well as the understandings of the mechanism play an important role in the success of the carboxylate syntheses.In this review,overview of the proposed mechanisms and the electrochemical setup are described.The significance of electrochemical components,such as the effect of different cathodes,sacrificial anode materials,and other additives,are explained.The examples of electrocarboxylation for both organohalides and olefins are provided.Lastly,the current trends in the field and future directions are discussed.
文摘为了明确玉米和花生同垄间作提高间作优势的光合机理,采用大田随机区组试验,以玉米和花生平作间作(FIC)为对照,分别在0(P0)和180 kg P_(2)O_(5)·hm^(-2)(P180)两个磷水平下,分析了玉米和花生同垄间作(RIC)与玉米和花生沟垄间作(GIC)对作物叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值、CO_(2)羧化能力、光系统间协调性和间作产量优势的影响。结果表明:与FIC和GIC相比,RIC显著提高了间作玉米吐丝期SPAD值及吐丝期、乳熟期功能叶的表观量子效率(AQY)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、最大羧化效率(V_(c,max))、CO_(2)饱和时的净光合速率(A_(max))和光系统间协调性(Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ)),降低了乳熟期功能叶K相可变荧光Fk占F_(j)-F_(o)振幅的比例(Wk)和J相可变荧光F_(j)占F_(p)-F_(o)振幅的比例(V_(j)),各指标在FIC与GIC间差异不显著。与FIC相比,RIC和GIC能够提高间作花生生育后期LAI和结荚期SPAD值,显著提高了V_(c,max)、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),降低荚果膨大期功能叶Wk和V_(j)值,各指标在RIC与GIC间差异不显著。RIC的土地当量比和间作产量优势均高于FIC和GIC;施磷能进一步促进间作玉米、花生功能叶的V_(c,max)、Jmax、A_(max)和Φ_(PSⅠ/PSⅡ),提高间作产量优势。表明同垄间作可通过改善间作玉米、花生功能叶的光合电子传递及光系统间协调性,增强CO_(2)羧化固定能力,提高光合速率,进而增加作物产量和间作优势。
