The ocean could profoundly modulate the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2) by air-sea CO_(2) exchange process,which is also able to cause signifi cant changes of physical and biogeochemical properties in return.In thi...The ocean could profoundly modulate the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2) by air-sea CO_(2) exchange process,which is also able to cause signifi cant changes of physical and biogeochemical properties in return.In this study,we assessed the long-term average and spatial-temporal variability of global air-sea CO_(2) exchange fl ux(F CO_(2))since 1980s basing on the results of 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)Earth System Models(ESMs).Our fi ndings indicate that the CMIP6 ESMs simulated global CO_(2) sink in recent three decades ranges from 1.80 to 2.24 Pg C/a,which is coincidence with the results of cotemporaneous observations.What’s more,the CMIP6 ESMs consistently show that the global oceanic CO_(2) sink has gradually intensifi ed since 1980s as well as the observations.This study confi rms the simulated F CO_(2) could reach agreements with the observations in the aspect of primary climatological characteristics,however,the simulation skills of CIMP6 ESMs in diverse open-sea biomes are unevenness.None of the 18 CMIP6 ESMs could reproduce the observed F CO_(2) increasement in the central-eastern tropical Pacifi c and the midlatitude Southern Ocean.Defi ciencies of some CMIP6 ESMs in reproducing the atmospheric pressure systems of the Southern Hemisphere and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)mode of the tropical Pacifi c are probably the major causes.展开更多
CO_(2)injection is an effective enhanced oil recovery technique for energy security with the benefits of carbon neutrality.To reach the maximum oil recovery,the miscible condition between CO_(2)and oil needs to be mai...CO_(2)injection is an effective enhanced oil recovery technique for energy security with the benefits of carbon neutrality.To reach the maximum oil recovery,the miscible condition between CO_(2)and oil needs to be maintained in the reservoir,which requires the operation pressure to be higher than the minimum miscibility pressure(MMP).There are two types of MMPs:the first-contact MMP(FC-MMP)and the multi-contact MMP(MC-MMP).In this study,molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the CO_(2)eoil interface system using two simplified digital oil models:a Bakken dead oil with four lumping components and a live-crude-oil model with 50 types of oil molecules but with no asphaltenes and heavy oil fractions.The vanishing interfacial tension method was used to predict the MMP.Different CO_(2)eoil volume ratios were considered to mimic the different degrees of vaporization.To estimate the MMP accurately and rapidly,the interfacial tension in the low-pressure regime was used for the prediction.Consequently,different MMPs were obtained,where the MMP value increased with increasing CO_(2)eoil volume ratio.FC-MMP can be predicted when the CO_(2)eoil volume ratio is sufficiently high.When the CO_(2)eoil volume ratio was approximately 9e10,MMP was closest to the actual MC-MMP value.The condensing and vaporizing mechanism was also studied at the molecular scale.Because pure CO_(2)was used,only the vaporizing effect on MMP occurred.It was found that the intermediate C2eC6 components have the main effect on the MMP calculation.This study can help to establish a computational protocol to estimate FC-MMP and MC-MMP,which are widely used in reservoir engineering.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the cement industry account for 26%of the total industrial emissions,and the need to develop low-carbon techniques within the cement industry is extremely urgent.Low-carbon project...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the cement industry account for 26%of the total industrial emissions,and the need to develop low-carbon techniques within the cement industry is extremely urgent.Low-carbon projects and technologies for the cement industry in different regions and countries have been thoroughly reviewed in this manuscript,and the low-carbon development concept for each county has been analyzed.For developing countries such as China and India,energy saving and efficiency enhancement are currently the key points,while for developed countries and regions such as Europe,more efforts have been focused on carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Global CCUS projects have been previously conducted,and the majority of CCUS projects are currently performed in Europe where major projects such as the CEMCAP,CLEANKER,and IEILAC projects represent the latest research progress in cement production technologies and low-carbon technologies for the global cement industry.The development of low-carbon cement technologies has changed from focusing on the end point to instead focusing on the source and process through the exploration of hydrogen and solar energies,and more disruptive and original technologies are expected to be developed,particularly in the cement industry in China.展开更多
通过研究二氧化碳捕集、运输、注入和原油开采4个主要技术环节,建立了二氧化碳捕集与封存结合提高石油采收率全流程(CO_2-EOR)经济性评价模型。该模型反映了CO_2-EOR系统复杂性和交互性,其结果能为CO_2-EOR项目规划提供科学决策支持。...通过研究二氧化碳捕集、运输、注入和原油开采4个主要技术环节,建立了二氧化碳捕集与封存结合提高石油采收率全流程(CO_2-EOR)经济性评价模型。该模型反映了CO_2-EOR系统复杂性和交互性,其结果能为CO_2-EOR项目规划提供科学决策支持。将模型应用于中国的煤化工厂碳捕集与封存结合提高石油采收率项目的案例研究表明:在油价50.0$/bbl和驱油比4.0 t CO_2/t oil的情景下,每年80万t规模的煤化工厂结合CO_2-EOR项目的净收益可达9.36亿元,项目内部收益率可以达到8.44%。煤化工厂结合CO_2-EOR的项目具有优先发展的潜在机会。展开更多
The use of sequestered carbon dioxide(CO) as the heat exchange fluid in enhanced geothermal system(EGS) has significant potential to increase their productivity, contribute further to reducing carbon emissions and inc...The use of sequestered carbon dioxide(CO) as the heat exchange fluid in enhanced geothermal system(EGS) has significant potential to increase their productivity, contribute further to reducing carbon emissions and increase the economic viability of geothermal power generation. Coupled COsequestration and geothermal energy production from hot dry rock(HDR) EGS were first proposed 15 years ago but have yet to be practically implemented. This paper reviews some of the issues in assessing these systems with particular focus on the power generation and COsequestration capacity. The Habanero geothermal field in the Cooper Basin of South Australia is assessed for its potential COstorage capacity if supercritical COis used as the working fluid for heat extraction. The analysis suggests that the major COsequestration mechanisms are the storage in the fracture-stimulation damaged zone followed by diffusion into the pores within the rock matrix. The assessment indicates that 5% of working fluid loss commonly suggested as the storage capacity might be an over-estimate of the long-term COsequestration capacity of EGS in which supercritical COis used as the circulation fluid.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41806133)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2022QNLM040003-1)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0603204)the Fund of Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry,MNR(No.GCMAC1905)。
文摘The ocean could profoundly modulate the ever-increasing atmospheric CO_(2) by air-sea CO_(2) exchange process,which is also able to cause signifi cant changes of physical and biogeochemical properties in return.In this study,we assessed the long-term average and spatial-temporal variability of global air-sea CO_(2) exchange fl ux(F CO_(2))since 1980s basing on the results of 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)Earth System Models(ESMs).Our fi ndings indicate that the CMIP6 ESMs simulated global CO_(2) sink in recent three decades ranges from 1.80 to 2.24 Pg C/a,which is coincidence with the results of cotemporaneous observations.What’s more,the CMIP6 ESMs consistently show that the global oceanic CO_(2) sink has gradually intensifi ed since 1980s as well as the observations.This study confi rms the simulated F CO_(2) could reach agreements with the observations in the aspect of primary climatological characteristics,however,the simulation skills of CIMP6 ESMs in diverse open-sea biomes are unevenness.None of the 18 CMIP6 ESMs could reproduce the observed F CO_(2) increasement in the central-eastern tropical Pacifi c and the midlatitude Southern Ocean.Defi ciencies of some CMIP6 ESMs in reproducing the atmospheric pressure systems of the Southern Hemisphere and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)mode of the tropical Pacifi c are probably the major causes.
基金This study was financially supported by JX Nippon Oil&Gas Exploration CorporationWe thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)for a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research A(No.24246148)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research C(Nos.16K06925,17K06988,and 22K03927).
文摘CO_(2)injection is an effective enhanced oil recovery technique for energy security with the benefits of carbon neutrality.To reach the maximum oil recovery,the miscible condition between CO_(2)and oil needs to be maintained in the reservoir,which requires the operation pressure to be higher than the minimum miscibility pressure(MMP).There are two types of MMPs:the first-contact MMP(FC-MMP)and the multi-contact MMP(MC-MMP).In this study,molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the CO_(2)eoil interface system using two simplified digital oil models:a Bakken dead oil with four lumping components and a live-crude-oil model with 50 types of oil molecules but with no asphaltenes and heavy oil fractions.The vanishing interfacial tension method was used to predict the MMP.Different CO_(2)eoil volume ratios were considered to mimic the different degrees of vaporization.To estimate the MMP accurately and rapidly,the interfacial tension in the low-pressure regime was used for the prediction.Consequently,different MMPs were obtained,where the MMP value increased with increasing CO_(2)eoil volume ratio.FC-MMP can be predicted when the CO_(2)eoil volume ratio is sufficiently high.When the CO_(2)eoil volume ratio was approximately 9e10,MMP was closest to the actual MC-MMP value.The condensing and vaporizing mechanism was also studied at the molecular scale.Because pure CO_(2)was used,only the vaporizing effect on MMP occurred.It was found that the intermediate C2eC6 components have the main effect on the MMP calculation.This study can help to establish a computational protocol to estimate FC-MMP and MC-MMP,which are widely used in reservoir engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52170119)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.2021044)。
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the cement industry account for 26%of the total industrial emissions,and the need to develop low-carbon techniques within the cement industry is extremely urgent.Low-carbon projects and technologies for the cement industry in different regions and countries have been thoroughly reviewed in this manuscript,and the low-carbon development concept for each county has been analyzed.For developing countries such as China and India,energy saving and efficiency enhancement are currently the key points,while for developed countries and regions such as Europe,more efforts have been focused on carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Global CCUS projects have been previously conducted,and the majority of CCUS projects are currently performed in Europe where major projects such as the CEMCAP,CLEANKER,and IEILAC projects represent the latest research progress in cement production technologies and low-carbon technologies for the global cement industry.The development of low-carbon cement technologies has changed from focusing on the end point to instead focusing on the source and process through the exploration of hydrogen and solar energies,and more disruptive and original technologies are expected to be developed,particularly in the cement industry in China.
文摘通过研究二氧化碳捕集、运输、注入和原油开采4个主要技术环节,建立了二氧化碳捕集与封存结合提高石油采收率全流程(CO_2-EOR)经济性评价模型。该模型反映了CO_2-EOR系统复杂性和交互性,其结果能为CO_2-EOR项目规划提供科学决策支持。将模型应用于中国的煤化工厂碳捕集与封存结合提高石油采收率项目的案例研究表明:在油价50.0$/bbl和驱油比4.0 t CO_2/t oil的情景下,每年80万t规模的煤化工厂结合CO_2-EOR项目的净收益可达9.36亿元,项目内部收益率可以达到8.44%。煤化工厂结合CO_2-EOR的项目具有优先发展的潜在机会。
基金funded by Australian Research Council Discovery Project(Grant No.DP110104766)financial support from the China Australia Geological Storage of CO_2 Project(CAGS)Australia-China Young Researchers Exchange Program 2012
文摘The use of sequestered carbon dioxide(CO) as the heat exchange fluid in enhanced geothermal system(EGS) has significant potential to increase their productivity, contribute further to reducing carbon emissions and increase the economic viability of geothermal power generation. Coupled COsequestration and geothermal energy production from hot dry rock(HDR) EGS were first proposed 15 years ago but have yet to be practically implemented. This paper reviews some of the issues in assessing these systems with particular focus on the power generation and COsequestration capacity. The Habanero geothermal field in the Cooper Basin of South Australia is assessed for its potential COstorage capacity if supercritical COis used as the working fluid for heat extraction. The analysis suggests that the major COsequestration mechanisms are the storage in the fracture-stimulation damaged zone followed by diffusion into the pores within the rock matrix. The assessment indicates that 5% of working fluid loss commonly suggested as the storage capacity might be an over-estimate of the long-term COsequestration capacity of EGS in which supercritical COis used as the circulation fluid.
