Assessing the Viability of Gandhar Field in India’s Cambay Basin for CO_(2) Storage

Our research is centered on the Gandhar oil field, which was discovered in 1983, where daily oil production has declined significantly over the years. The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) storage through its injection into the siliciclastic reservoirs of Ankleshwar Formation. We aimed to obtain high-resolution acoustic impedance data to estimate porosity employing model-based poststack seismic inversion. We conducted an analysis of the density and effective porosity in the target zone through geostatistical techniques and probabilistic neural networks. Simultaneously, the work also involved geomechanical analysis through the computation of pore pressure and fracture gradient using well-log data, geological information, and drilling events in the Gandhar field. Our investigation unveiled spatial variations in effective porosity within the Hazad Member of the Ankleshwar Formation, with an effective porosity exceeding 25% observed in several areas, which indicates the presence of well-connected pore spaces conducive to efficient CO_(2) migration. Geomechanical analysis showed that the vertical stress(Sv) ranged from 55 MPa to 57 MPa in Telwa and from 63.7 MPa to 67.7 MPa in Hazad Member. The pore pressure profile displayed variations along the stratigraphic sequence, with the shale zone, particularly in the Kanwa Formation, attaining the maximum pressure gradient(approximately 36 MPa). However, consistently low pore pressure values(30-34 MPa) considerably below the fracture gradient curves were observed in Hazad Member due to depletion. The results from our analysis provide valuable insights into shaping future field development strategies and exploration of the feasibility of CO_(2) sequestration in Gandhar Field.

Simultaneous CO_(2) capture and thermochemical heat storage by modified carbide slag in coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 cycles

The simultaneous CO_(2) capture and heat storage performances of the modified carbide slag with byproduct of biodiesel were investigated in the process coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical heat storage using air as the heat transfer fluid.The modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel exhibits superior CO_(2) capture and heat storage capacities in the coupled calcium looping and heat storage cycles.The hydration conversion and heat storage density of the modified carbide slag after 30 heat storage cycles are 0.65 mol·mol^(-1) and 1.14 GJ·t^(-1),respectively,which are 1.6 times as high as those of calcined carbide slag.The negative effect of CO_(2) in air as the heat storage fluid on the heat storage capacity of the modified carbide slag is overcome by introducing CO_(2) capture cycles.In addition,the CO_(2) capture reactivity of the modified carbide slag after the multiple calcium looping cycles is enhanced by the introduction of heat storage cycles.By introducing 10 heat storage cycles after the 10th and 15th CO_(2) capture cycles,the CO_(2) capture capacities of the modified carbide slag are subsequently improved by 32%and 43%,respectively.The porous and loose structure of modified carbide slag reduces the diffusion resistances of CO_(2) and steam in the material in the coupled process.The formed CaCO_(3)in the modified carbide slag as a result of air as the heat transfer fluid in heat storage cycles decomposes to regenerate CaO in calcium looping cycles,which improves heat storage capacity.Therefore,the modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel seems promising in the coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)_(2) heat storage cycles.

A review of interaction mechanisms and microscopic simulation methods for CO_(2)-water-rock system

This work systematically reviews the complex mechanisms of CO_(2)-water-rock interactions,microscopic simulations of reactive transport(dissolution,precipitation and precipitate migration)in porous media,and microscopic simulations of CO_(2)-water-rock system.The work points out the key issues in current research and provides suggestions for future research.After injection of CO_(2) into underground reservoirs,not only conventional pressure-driven flow and mass transfer processes occur,but also special physicochemical phenomena like dissolution,precipitation,and precipitate migration.The coupling of these processes causes complex changes in permeability and porosity parameters of the porous media.Pore-scale microscopic flow simulations can provide detailed information within the three-dimensional pore and throat space and explicitly observe changes in the fluid-solid interfaces of porous media during reactions.At present,the research has limitations in the decoupling of complex mechanisms,characterization of differential multi-mineral reactions,precipitation generation mechanisms and characterization(crystal nucleation and mineral detachment),simulation methods for precipitation-fluid interaction,and coupling mechanisms of multiple physicochemical processes.In future studies,it is essential to innovate experimental methods to decouple“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”processes,improve the accuracy of experimental testing of minerals geochemical reaction-related parameters,build reliable characterization of various precipitation types,establish precipitation-fluid interaction simulation methods,coordinate the boundary conditions of different physicochemical processes,and,finally,achieve coupled flow simulation of“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”within CO_(2)-water-rock systems.

CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR):A review of experimental and numerical studies

CO_(2)emission mitigation is one of the most critical research frontiers.As a promising option of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR)can reduce CO_(2)emission by sequestrating it into gas reservoirs and simultaneously enhance natural gas production.Over the past decades,the displacement behaviour of CO_(2)—natural gas has been extensively studied and demonstrated to play a key role on both CO_(2)geologic storage and gas recovery performance.This work thoroughly and critically reviews the experimental and numerical simulation studies of CO_(2)displacing natural gas,along with both CSEGR research and demonstration projects at various scales.The physical property difference between CO_(2)and natural gas,especially density and viscosity,lays the foundation of CSEGR.Previous experiments on displacement behaviour and dispersion characteristics of CO_(2)/natural gas revealed the fundamental mixing characteristics in porous media,which is one key factor of gas recovery efficiency and warrants further study.Preliminary numerical simulations demonstrated that it is technically and economically feasible to apply CSEGR in depleted gas reservoirs.However,CO_(2)preferential flow pathways are easy to form(due to reservoir heterogeneity)and thus adversely compromise CSEGR performance.This preferential flow can be slowed down by connate or injected water.Additionally,the optimization of CO_(2)injection strategies is essential for improving gas recovery and CO_(2)storage,which needs further study.The successful K12—B pilot project provides insightful field-scale knowledge and experience,which paves a good foundation for commercial application.More experiments,simulations,research and demonstration projects are needed to facilitate the maturation of the CSEGR technology.

The European Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure(ECCSEL)

The transition to a non-emitting energy mix for power generation will take decades. This transition will need to be sustainable, e.g.economically affordable. Fossil fuels which are abundant have an important role to play in this respect, provided that Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS) is progressively implemented. CCS is the only way to reduce emissions from energy intensive industries.Thus, the need for upgraded and new CCS research facilities is widely recognised among stakeholders across Europe, as emphasised by the Zero Emissions Platform(ZEP) [1] and the European Energy Research Alliance on CCS(EERA-CCS) [2].The European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure, ECCSEL, provides funders, operators and researchers with significant benefits by offering access to world-class research facilities that, in many cases, are unlikely for a single nation to support in isolation.This implies creation of synergy and the avoidance of duplication as well as streamlining of funding for research facilities.ECCSEL offers open access to its advanced laboratories for talented scientists and visiting researchers to conduct cutting-edge research.In the planning of ECCSEL, gap analyses were performed and CCS technologies have been reviewed to underpin and envisage the future experimental setup; 1) Making use of readily available facilities, 2) Modifying existing facilities, and 3) Planning and building entirely new advanced facilities.The investments required for the first ten years(2015-2025) are expected to be in the range of €80-120 miilion. These investments show the current level of ambition, as proposed during the preparatory phase(2011-2014).Entering the implementation phase in 2015, 9 European countries signed Letter of Intent(LoI) to join a ECCSEL legal entity: France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Greece, Norway and Switzerland(active observer). As the EU ERIC-regulation [3] would offer the most suitable legal framework for ECCSEL, the host country, Norway, will apply for establishing ERIC as the ECCSEL Research Infrastructure(RI)legal entity in 2017. Until the ECCSEL ERIC is approved by the European Commission(probably by summer 2017), an interim MoU agreement for the implementation phase of ECCSEL RI has been signed by 13 research institutions and universities representing the 9 countries. A consortium of these partners were granted 3 million EURO from Horizon 2020 to boost implementation of ECCSEL from September 2015 and two years onwards.?2016, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

海洋CO_(2)地质封存研究进展与发展趋势

CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存是中国实现“双碳”目标的核心技术,也是全球研究的热点。CO_(2)地质封存是其中的关键环节,特别是海洋CO_(2)地质封存是今后的重点发展方向。以国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存的发展历程为基础,结合典型CO_(2)海洋封存示范项目案例,系统梳理了国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存理论研究进展,分析了CO_(2)在井筒流动、相变与传热、CO_(2)流体运移与储层物性参数展布规律、海洋地质封存机制及封存潜力、地质封存盖层完整性及安全性评估等方面的研究现状。认识到中国目前对海底地质结构中CO_(2)注入过程的多相态转化、溶解、捕获传质特征及动力学特性认识尚浅,对海洋封存机制及不同封存机制之间的相互作用机理尚不明确,未来应开展海洋CO_(2)动态地质封存空间重构机制研究,解决地质封存相态转化及流体动态迁移机理等关键科学问题,揭示海洋CO_(2)地质封存机制的相互作用机理,形成适用于中国海洋地质封存CO_(2)高效注入和增效封存方法。

CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存在能源行业的应用:全球案例分析和启示

为了实现中国21世纪中叶达到碳中和,大规模应用CO_(2)捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)技术可以减少能源行业的温室气体排放。通过对国内外CCUS技术、项目的调研,得出了关于未来CCUS部署的3个见解,这些见解有助于能源行业实现转型。首先,碳源浓度较低导致碳捕集效率低,从而导致碳捕集的经济成本较高的问题是目前CCUS项目无法商业化的主要因素,在发展当前的碳捕集技术,提高捕集效率和降低捕集成本的同时也应大力研究空气捕集技术,尤其是在工艺设计和新型吸附材料研发方面,争取实现弯道超车;其次,CO_(2)在油气藏和咸水层的封存与利用应当作为CCUS技术研究的重点,逐步实现大规模推广,并在技术升级和体系完善的基础上推广CO_(2)增强地热、煤层气等其他耦合技术;最后,应当在当前国际上较成熟的碳政策的基础上研究适合中国的激励政策,建立有效的法律法规。论文总结了当前CCUS的关键挑战,并为未来的CCUS研究方向提供了指导方向。

延长石油CO_(2)捕集与封存技术及实践

延长石油创新将煤化工CO_(2)捕集与油藏CO_(2)封存相结合,实现了煤炭清洁利用、碳减排和原油增产等多重效益,探索形成了一条煤化工产业低碳发展的新路径。系统阐述了延长石油CCUS全流程一体化技术及矿场实践,形成了煤化工低温甲醇洗低成本CO_(2)捕集技术,捕集成本105元/t,捕集示范规模30万t/a;建立了CO_(2)封存选址及潜力评价方法,评价油田CO_(2)理论封存量为8.84×10~8 t,封存适宜区主要分布在油田西部;揭示了跨时间尺度油藏CO_(2)封存状态演变规律,水气交替注入情景下CO_(2)封存10年和100年对应的构造、束缚、溶解和矿化封存量占比分别为24.38%、27.19%、48.38%、0.05%和15.09%、38.65%、45.77%、0.49%;创建了盖层封闭性评价方法,明确化子坪CO_(2)封存试验区长4+5盖层主要为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类;构建了“三位一体”CO_(2)安全监测体系,监测未发现CO_(2)地质泄漏,封存安全等级为Ⅰ级,矿场实现CO_(2)安全有效封存10.12×10~4 t。煤化工CO_(2)捕集与油藏CO_(2)封存矿场实践取得了良好的碳减排与原油增产效果,相关创新技术应用前景较为广阔。

天然CO_(2)沿井筒泄漏两相反应流动特征模拟

碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)技术是实现大规模碳减排的重要途径,而CO_(2)注入储层后的泄漏风险是CCUS技术关注的重点之一。由于目前CCUS工程中还未有深部封存的CO_(2)泄漏事故发生,但天然CO_(2)泄漏事件并不少见,因此以天然CO_(2)井筒泄漏点为研究对象进行类比研究可为CCUS工程泄漏风险评估提供有价值的参考依据。以西宁盆地南部天然CO_(2)泄漏场地中的典型CO_(2)井筒泄漏点———ZK10井为研究对象,结合实测数据,采用数值模拟方法分析了该井间歇喷发过程的动力学机制及伴随的化学变化特征。结果表明:①ZK10井的水气间歇喷发过程受CO_(2)过饱和析出、气举效应及储层动态补给的协同控制;②受控于CO_(2)的过饱和析出及流体混合作用,井筒内CO_(2)闪蒸点以上位置地下水的pH值随深度减小而增大,并随喷发过程发生周期性的变化;③ZK10井间歇喷发过程中,井筒内形成方解石和石英矿物沉淀,受控于矿物的溶解特性,其沉淀特征各异。该研究结果可为类似的天然或CCUS工程中CO_(2)井筒泄漏点的泄漏机制及化学特征研究提供参考,进而为相关部门制定监测及预防措施提供依据。

Carbon dioxide capture, enhanced-oil recovery and storage technology and engineering practice in Jilin Oilfield, NE China

This paper systematically presents the established technologies and field applications with respect to research and engineering practice of CO_(2) capture,enhanced oil recovery(EOR),and storage technology in Jilin Oilfield,NE China,and depicts the available series of supporting technologies across the industry chain.Through simulation calculation+pilot test+field application,the adaptability of the technology for capturing CO_(2) with different concentrations in oilfields was confirmed.The low energy-consumption,activated N-methyl diethanolamine(MDEA)decarburization technology based on a new activator was developed,and the operation mode of CO_(2) gas-phase transportation through trunk pipeline network,supercritical injection at wellhead,and produced gas-liquid separated transportation was established.According to different gas source conditions,liquid,supercritical phase,high-pressure dense phase pressurization technologies and facilities were applied to form the downhole injection processes(e.g.gas-tight tubing and coiled tubing)and supporting anti-corrosion and anti-blocking techniques.In the practice of oil displacement,the oil recovery technologies(e.g.conical water-alternating-gas injection,CO_(2) foam flooding,and high gas-oil ratio CO_(2) flooding)and produced fluid processing technologies were developed.Through numerical simulation and field tests,three kinds of CO_(2) cyclic injection technologies(i.e.direct injection,injection after separation and purification,and hybrid injection)were formed,and a 10×10^(4) m^(3)/d cyclic injection station was constructed to achieve"zero emission"of associated gas.The CO_(2) storage safety monitoring technology of carbon flux,fluid composition and carbon isotopic composition was formed.The whole-process anti-corrosion technology with anticorrosive agents supplemented by anticorrosive materials was established.An integrated demonstration area of CO_(2) capture,flooding and storage with high efficiency and low energy-consumption has been built,with a cumulative oil increment of 32×10^(4) t and a CO_(2) storage volume of 250×10^(4) t.

Criteria for Selecting Carbon Subsurface and Ocean Storage Site in Developing Countries: A Review

Important first phases in the process of implementing CO2 subsurface and ocean storage projects include selecting of best possible location(s) for CO2 storage, and site selection evaluation. Sites must fulfill a number of criteria that boil down to the following basics: they must be able to accept the desired volume of CO2 at the rate at which it is supplied from the CO2 source(s);they must as well be safe and reliable;and must comply with regulatory and other societal requirements. They also must have at least public acceptance and be based on sound financial analysis. Site geology;hydrogeological, pressure, and geothermal regimes;land features;location, climate, access, etc. can all be refined from these basic criteria. In addition to aiding in site selection, site characterization is essential for other purposes, such as foreseeing the fate and impacts of the injected CO2, and informing subsequent phases of site development, including design, permitting, operation, monitoring, and eventual abandonment. According to data from the IEA, in 2022, emissions from Africa and Asias emerging markets and developing economies, excluding Chinas, increased by 4.2%, which is equivalent to 206 million tonnes of CO2 and were higher than those from developed economies. Coal-fired power generation was responsible for more than half of the rise in emissions that were recorded in the region. The difficulty of achieving sustainable socio-economic progress in the developing countries is entwined with the work of reducing CO2 emissions, which is a demanding project for the economy. Organisations from developing countries, such as Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria, have formed partnerships with organisations in other countries for lessons learned and investment within the climate change arena. The basaltic rocks, coal seams, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, soils, deep saline aquifers, and sedimentary basins that developing countries (Bangladesh, Cameroon, India, and Nigeria etc.) possess all contribute to the individual countrys significant geological sequestration potential. There are limited or no carbon capture and storage or clean development mechanism projects running in these countries at this time. The site selection and characterization procedure are not complete without an estimate of the storage capacity of a storage location. Estimating storage capacity relies on volumetric estimates because a site must accept the planned volume of CO2 during the active injection period. As more and more applications make use of site characterization, so too does the body of written material on the topic. As the science of CO2 storage develops, regulatory requirements are implemented, field experience grows, and the economics of CO2 capture and storage improve, so too will site selection and characterisation change.

CO_(2) gas stripped off membranous residual oil from pore surfaces: Effects of temperature, pressure and wettability

The threshold values of CO_(2) gas stripped off membranous residual oil from the pore walls are not clear under different temperatures, pressures and wettability conditions. The extent to which temperature, pressure and wettability influence CO_(2) flooding for enhancing the recovery of residual oil in membranous formations also remains uncertain. Therefore, further quantitative characterization is entailed. In this study, the molecular dynamics method was employed to explore CO_(2) flooding under different temperatures, pressures and wettability conditions, aiming to enhance the production of membranous residual oil. The results reveal that the interaction energy between CO_(2), decane molecules and pore walls exhibits a decrease with increasing temperature and an increase with increasing pressure, respectively, in distinct wettability scenarios. When the temperature was at or below 363 K and the pressure was not lower than 40 MPa, CO_(2) gas could detach the membranous residual oil from the pore walls in the water-wet systems. When the temperature was equal to 363 K and the pressure remained under 40 MPa, or the temperature surpassed 363 K, CO_(2) gas failed to detach the membranous residual oil from the pore walls in the water-wet systems. For the mixed-wet and oil-wet systems, CO_(2) molecules could not detach the membranous residual oil from the pore walls. The hierarchy of influence regarding temperature, pressure and wettability on the competitive adsorption capacity of CO_(2) and decane molecules on the pore walls emerged as follows: wettability > temperature > pressure. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the application of CO_(2) gas flooding for the exploitation of membranous residual oil on pore walls.

Mapping Highly Cost-Effective Carbon Capture and Storage Opportunities in India

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). India’s CO2 emissions are expected to increase 70% by 2025. Geologic carbon storage (GCS) offers a way to reduce CO2 emissions. Here we present the results of a search for the most cost-effective GCS opportunities in India. Source-Sink matching for large and concentrated CO2 sources near geological storage in India indicates one very high priority target, a fertilizer plant in the city of Narmadanagar in Bharuch District of Gujarat Province, India that is <20 km from old oil and gas fields in the Cambay Basin. Two pure CO2 sources are <20 km from deep saline aquifers and one

Conversion Carbon Capture and Storage Factors in Temperate Human Controlled Wetland

This paper provides guidance for the quantification and reporting of blue carbon removals in the temperate coastal ecosystems,“Italian valli da pesca”or H.C.W.(Human Controlled Wetland,Lat.45°Lon.12°),where some pools as seagrasses,and salt marshes,are highly efficient at capturing and storing carbon dioxide(CO_(2))from the atmosphere.Halophyte salt marsh plants were found to have a%C on Dry Weight(D.W.)of 32.26±3.91(mean±standard deviation),macrophytes 33.65±7.99,seagrasses 29.23±2.23,tamarisk 48.42±2.80,while the first 5 centimetres of wetland mud,on average,had a%C of 8.56±0.94.Like the ISO(International Organization for Standardization)14064 guideline to quantify the GHG(Greenhouse Gas)emission,we have studied the different conversion factors to be used as a practical tool for measurement the CO_(2)sink activity.These factors are essential to calculate the overall carbon reduction in a project located in temperate wetland using a method as the ISO 14064.2,UNI-BNeutral,VCS VERRA or other that will come.

基性岩油气储层的CO_2封存潜力及可行性初探——以下辽河坳陷青龙台辉绿岩油气藏为例

辉绿岩油气藏储层一方面含有大量可与CO2反应生成碳酸盐的造岩矿物，另一方面又有枯竭油气藏的良好储（储集空间）、运（运移通道）、盖（盖层条件）和保（保存能力），是潜力大、实施易、成本低和安全性高的CCS（CO，Capture and Storage）靶区。本文在对位于渤海湾盆地下辽河坳陷东部凹陷北段的青龙台辉绿岩油气藏地质特征、储层发育特征等详细描述的基础上，结合对辉绿岩矿物组成、化学成分的分析结果，探讨了下辽河坳陷青龙台辉绿岩油气藏的矿物固碳能力和油气储层固碳能力，并对该辉绿岩油气藏封存CO2的可行性进行了评价。研究表明，青龙台辉绿岩油气藏的储集空间和易碳酸盐化矿物是CO2封存的有利场所，其盖层可阻止所充注CO2的逸散，油气藏的稳定圈闭可保证所充注CO2的安全性，因而是CO2封存的理想靶区。初步的定量计算结果表明，青龙台辉绿岩的矿物固碳潜力为46．0×10^6t，油气储层封存超临界CO2的能力为4．90×10^6t，青龙台辉绿岩油气藏的固碳能力约为18．4×10^6t。

咸水层CO_(2)地质封存典型案例分析及对比

咸水层封存是CO_(2)地质封存方式中潜力最大的。目前全球比较成功的典型咸水层CO_(2)地质封存示范工程有挪威的Sleipner和Snøhvit、阿尔及利亚的In Salah、中国鄂尔多斯盆地神华,这些工程提供了长期CCS的经验,对于未来CO_(2)地质封存项目实施具有借鉴意义。从构造、储层、盖层等地质特征出发,结合各示范工程的注入方案和监测方案将各案例进行了剖析,提取了地质及工程参数,分析了各地质特征对CO_(2)地质封存的影响,明确了背斜、断块、裂缝等不同构造特征CO_(2)地质封存的可行性,对比了咸水层CO_(2)地质封存注入方案和监测方案。Sleipner CO_(2)地质封存项目成功的原因在于构造简单、面积大、储层物性好,盖层厚度大且稳定;Snøhvit发育的断层和In Salah的裂缝也验证了不同构造特征CO_(2)地质封存的可能性,CO_(2)羽流分布受地质特征的控制。咸水层CO_(2)地质封存注入井相对比较少,但是注入量比较大,多以水平井为主。高质量的监测数据可有效降低潜在泄漏风险,多种监测组合有助于CO_(2)长期安全地质封存。

CO_(2)地质封存潜力与能源资源协同的技术基础研究进展

规模化集群化部署是CCUS技术发展方向和化石能源低碳化利用的国家重大需求,CO_(2)地质封存潜力与能源资源协同关系及机制是实现CCUS技术规模化、集群化部署的理论基础。系统梳理评述了国内外CO_(2)地质封存潜力及其评价方法、CCUS源汇匹配与管网设计模型、CO_(2)地质封存潜力与能源资源协同关系、CCUS集群部署技术基础与模式等领域的主要进展,讨论展望了我国CO_(2)地质封存潜力与能源资源协同理论方法体系的研究思路。研究工作取得以下认识:CO_(2)地质封存潜力制约着CCUS技术的发展潜力与应用规模,适宜性评价方法、封存容量评估方法和封存选址方法所构成的CO_(2)地质封存潜力评价方法体系已初步建立,但亟待完善发展;源汇匹配是CO_(2)运输管网设计与CCUS技术集群化部署的重要直接依据,完善建立CCUS源汇匹配规划优化模型与CCUS集群管网设计模型是技术关键,从单阶段静态规划模型向多阶段动态规划模型发展是方向;CO_(2)地质封存潜力与能源资源协同关系构成了CCUS技术的约束条件,CCUS技术与可再生能源、氢能、储能等新能源技术的协同有望形成实现能源系统脱碳的新路径、新模式和新方向,CO_(2)地质封存潜力与生物质、水资源协同关系约束了CCUS技术规模化部署地域和BECCS技术发展应用潜力,基于CCUS源汇匹配模型的能源资源系统优化模型研究也成为新的技术需求;CO_(2)地质封存潜力、能源系统约束的CCUS源汇匹配优化方案和CCUS全流程技术体系构成CCUS集群化部署的重要技术基础,近源输送陆上封存CCUS集群部署模式应是我国优先考虑发展方向,远源输送陆上封存CCUS集群部署模式和离岸封存CCUS集群部署模式在我国长三角、大湾区等区域也有发展前景。

多法联用CO_(2)捕集提纯工艺模拟

将CO_(2)驱油气产出气中的CO_(2)捕集提纯后再循环回注,不仅能提高油气采收率,而且还可实现CO_(2)的地质封存,具有良好的社会经济效益。随着CO_(2)驱油气开发模式的投运推进,单一的捕集提纯工艺难以应对产出气中CO_(2)含量逐年增加并呈现大范围变化的状况。为了给油气田CO_(2)-EOR技术的推广提供支持,提出了4种多法联用的CO_(2)捕集提纯工艺方案,包括两级醇胺法、一级膜分离+一级醇胺法、二级膜分离+一级醇胺法、一级膜分离+两级醇胺法,并结合某油田CO_(2)驱工况数据开展了HYSYS软件模拟,重点分析了不同方案捕集提纯CO_(2)的富集程度及其能耗与经济性。研究结果表明:①产出气中CO_(2)浓度低时,可先投产两级醇胺循环工艺实现天然气脱酸工艺,同时须外购纯CO_(2)气按一定比例掺混后才能满足回注气CO_(2)纯度要求;②产出气中所含CO_(2)浓度增加时,宜在两级醇胺循环工艺前投用膜分离技术,可满足富集提纯气直接回注CO_(2)纯度的要求。结论认为,该研究成果可以为CO_(2)驱油产出气中CO_(2)富集提纯气工艺方案的确定提供工程实践指导。

双碳愿景下中国石化不同油藏类型CO_(2)驱提高采收率技术发展与应用

CO_(2)驱油技术具有提高原油采收率和CO_(2)封存的双重目的,具有较大的发展前景,特别是碳减排的需要给予了技术规模应用较大的发展空间。中国石化CO_(2)驱的发展历程可以分为单井吞吐、先导试验和全面推广应用3个阶段,经过50多年的发展,CO_(2)驱油机理及配套技术已经较为成熟。结合中国石化油藏特点以及混相驱、近混相驱、非混相驱3种CO_(2)驱动类型,建立了CO_(2)驱油藏筛选标准。明确了低渗透油藏、致密油藏、中高渗透油藏这3类油藏的CO_(2)驱油机理。以苏北盆地草舍油田阜三段油藏、花26断块阜三段油藏、洲城油田垛一段油藏以及渤海湾盆地正理庄高89-1块油藏为例,总结了中国石化典型区块的实际开发效果,表明CO_(2)驱是提高原油采收率的重要方式。针对低渗油藏和中高渗透油藏CO_(2)驱规模应用面临的技术瓶颈,提出进一步加强驱油机理和提高注气效果的研究,推进碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)技术的发展,对于实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”和保障国家能源安全具有重要的意义。

海上CO_(2)地质封存监测现状及建议

海上二氧化碳(CO_(2))地质封存是中国应对滨海地区温室气体排放的重要举措,是实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标不可或缺的关键技术。中国沿海地区工业发达、碳源丰富,近海盆地具有良好的储盖层物性和圈闭特征,封存潜力巨大,目前中国首个海上CO_(2)地质封存示范工程已在南海珠江口盆地正式启动。CO_(2)监测作为CCUS技术的重要组成部分,贯穿CO_(2)地质封存的全生命周期,是确保封存工程安全性和合理性的必要手段。然而,中国海上CO_(2)地质封存技术处于起步阶段,海上监测任务颇具挑战。文章回顾了国际上海上CO_(2)地质封存的相关代表性研究工作以及示范项目案例,对监测指标、技术、监测方案等进行分析,提出海上CO_(2)地质封存监测技术筛选优化方法和监测建议,旨在为中国海上CO_(2)地质封存示范项目的开展提供参考依据。