Application and prospects of spatial information technology in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring

This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring.Currently,the spatial information technologies applied in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories:eddy covariance method,remote sensing technology,geographic information system,Internet of Things technology,and global navigation satellite system.These technologies are involved in three aspects:monitoring data acquisition,positioning and data transmission,and data management and decision support.Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring include:selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes,different platforms,and different monitoring sites;establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data;and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies.In the future,it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes,develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies,integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies,and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.

An integrated technology for the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3)in a high-gravity environment

In this study,an integrated technology is proposed for the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3)in a high-gravity environment.The effects of absorbent type,high-gravity factor,gas/liquid ratio,and initial BaCl2concentration on the absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)and the preparation of BaCO_(3)are investigated.The results reveal that the absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)follow the order of ethyl alkanolamine(MEA)>diethanol amine(DEA)>N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA),and thus MEA is the most effective absorbent for CO_(2)absorption.The absorption rate and amount of CO_(2)under high gravity are higher than that under normal gravity.Notably,the absorption rate at 75 min under high gravity is approximately 2 times that under normal gravity.This is because the centrifugal force resulting from the high-speed rotation of the packing can greatly increase gas-liquid mass transfer and micromixing.The particle size of BaCO_(3)prepared in the rotating packed bed is in the range of 57.2—89 nm,which is much smaller than that prepared in the bubbling reactor(>100.3 nm),and it also has higher purity(99.6%)and larger specific surface area(14.119 m^(2)·g^(-1)).It is concluded that the high-gravity technology has the potential to increase the absorption and utilization of CO_(2)in alkanolamine solution for the preparation of BaCO_(3).This study provides new insights into carbon emissions reduction and carbon utilization.

An Integrated Framework for Geothermal Energy Storage with CO_(2)Sequestration and Utilization

Subsurface geothermal energy storage has greater potential than other energy storage strategies in terms of capacity scale and time duration.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is regarded as a potential medium for energy storage due to its superior thermal properties.Moreover,the use of CO_(2)plumes for geothermal energy storage mitigates the greenhouse effect by storing CO_(2)in geological bodies.In this work,an integrated framework is proposed for synergistic geothermal energy storage and CO_(2)sequestration and utilization.Within this framework,CO_(2)is first injected into geothermal layers for energy accumulation.The resultant high-energy CO_(2)is then introduced into a target oil reservoir for CO_(2)utilization and geothermal energy storage.As a result,CO_(2)is sequestrated in the geological oil reservoir body.The results show that,as high-energy CO_(2)is injected,the average temperature of the whole target reservoir is greatly increased.With the assistance of geothermal energy,the geological utilization efficiency of CO_(2)is higher,resulting in a 10.1%increase in oil displacement efficiency.According to a storage-potential assessment of the simulated CO_(2)site,110 years after the CO_(2)injection,the utilization efficiency of the geological body will be as high as 91.2%,and the final injection quantity of the CO_(2)in the site will be as high as 9.529×10^(8)t.After 1000 years sequestration,the supercritical phase dominates in CO_(2)sequestration,followed by the liquid phase and then the mineralized phase.In addition,CO_(2)sequestration accounting for dissolution trapping increases significantly due to the presence of residual oil.More importantly,CO_(2)exhibits excellent performance in storing geothermal energy on a large scale;for example,the total energy stored in the studied geological body can provide the yearly energy supply for over 3.5×10^(7) normal households.Application of this integrated approach holds great significance for large-scale geothermal energy storage and the achievement of carbon neutrality.

A review of interaction mechanisms and microscopic simulation methods for CO_(2)-water-rock system

This work systematically reviews the complex mechanisms of CO_(2)-water-rock interactions,microscopic simulations of reactive transport(dissolution,precipitation and precipitate migration)in porous media,and microscopic simulations of CO_(2)-water-rock system.The work points out the key issues in current research and provides suggestions for future research.After injection of CO_(2) into underground reservoirs,not only conventional pressure-driven flow and mass transfer processes occur,but also special physicochemical phenomena like dissolution,precipitation,and precipitate migration.The coupling of these processes causes complex changes in permeability and porosity parameters of the porous media.Pore-scale microscopic flow simulations can provide detailed information within the three-dimensional pore and throat space and explicitly observe changes in the fluid-solid interfaces of porous media during reactions.At present,the research has limitations in the decoupling of complex mechanisms,characterization of differential multi-mineral reactions,precipitation generation mechanisms and characterization(crystal nucleation and mineral detachment),simulation methods for precipitation-fluid interaction,and coupling mechanisms of multiple physicochemical processes.In future studies,it is essential to innovate experimental methods to decouple“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”processes,improve the accuracy of experimental testing of minerals geochemical reaction-related parameters,build reliable characterization of various precipitation types,establish precipitation-fluid interaction simulation methods,coordinate the boundary conditions of different physicochemical processes,and,finally,achieve coupled flow simulation of“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”within CO_(2)-water-rock systems.

Grading Evaluation and Ranking of CO_(2) Sequestration Capacity in Place(CSCIP) in China’s Major Oil Basins:Theoretical,Effective,Practical and CCUS-EOR

Because it is necessary to focus on differences in regional oil reservoirs and determine the priority of the CCUSEOR(Carbon capture,utilization,and storage-enhanced oil recovery) deployment under China’s net-zero CO_(2) emission target,systematic and regional evaluations of CO_(2) sequestration capacity in major oil basins are needed considering the geofluid properties―carbon sequestration capacity in place(CSCIP)―where the ’in place’ indicates actual geological formation conditions underground,e.g.,formation temperature and pressure.Therefore,physical properties of geofluids at different depths with different geologic temperatures and pressure conditions are considered for the CO_(2) sequestration capacity evaluation in place,including shallow(800–2000 m),medium(2000–3500 m),deep(3500–4500 m) and ultra-deep(4500–8000 m) depth intervals.A modified evaluation model with four grading levels is proposed,combining the P-V-T equations of state(EOS) and evaluation equations of the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum(CSLF),including theoretical,effective,practical,and CCUS-EOR CSCIP,which is more consistent with geofluid physical properties underground,to make the grading evaluation and ranking of the CSCIP in China’s major oil basins.Then,the grading CSCIP of 29 major oil basins in China was evaluated based on the petroleum resources evaluation results of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China(MNRC) during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period.According to the grading evaluation results,suggestions for China’s CCUS-EOR prospective regions are given as follows:shallow oil fields of the Songliao Basin in Northeast China,shallow–medium oil fields of the Bohai Bay Basin in East China,medium oil fields of the Zhungeer Basin in West China,and medium oil fields of the Ordos Basin in Central China;all are potential areas for the CCUS-EOR geological sequestration in China’s onshore oil basins.In addition,in China’s offshore oil basins,shallow–medium oil fields of the Bohai Sea and shallow oil fields of the Pearl River Mouth Basin have potential for CCUS-EOR geological sequestration.

A Novel Process of CO_(2) Reduction and CO_(2) Sequestration Through an Innovative Accelerated Carbonation Technique

The efiect of an innovative accelerated carbonation curing technique was evaluated on concrete containing natural zeolite powder and fine aggregate as partial replacement to alleviate the CO_(2) emission up to a certain extent from the concrete production industry and improve sequestration of CO_(2) into the concrete matrix in a stable form.An accelerated carbonation curing was accomplished by subjecting the concrete specimens to 0.5 and 0.75 M concentrations of sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO_(3)) solutions up to a curing age of 180 days after the initial 28 days of normal water curing.Tests for carbonation depth,pH value,compressive strength,calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))content,X-ray difiraction,and thermogravimetric(TGA)analyses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were performed to measure the extent of carbonation.The obtained results showed an increment in average compressive strength for the zeolite concrete(ZLC)mixes exposed to accelerated carbonation curing.The ZLC mixes exposed to increasing NaHCO_(3) solution concentration and exposure period exhibited greater carbonation depth and decreased pH at each depth interval indicating higher CO_(2) sequestration within the concrete matrix.The results obtained from the microstructural analysis(XRD,TGA,and FTIR)and CaCO_(3) content measurements confirm that the higher amount of CaCO_(3) formation provides a clear indication of the carbonation enhancement and CO_(2) sequestration within the concrete matrix and in turn contributing to the global warming reduction.

Effects of CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas on components and properties of tight oil during CO_(2) utilization and storage: Physical experiment and composition numerical simulation

An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.

三河尖关闭煤矿煤层CO_(2)封存潜力研究

关闭煤矿煤层CO_(2)地质封存是CO_(2)封存的重要方式之一,也是短期内实现碳减排指标的有效手段之一。以江苏省徐州市三河尖关闭煤矿为例,分析了已采7号煤和9号煤的煤岩煤质特征,统计了剩余煤炭资源储量,运用模糊综合评价法,选取了稳定系数、上覆岩层性质、地质构造复杂程度、地下水指标、封存煤层压温比、封存煤层深厚比、封存煤层渗透率、采空塌陷程度和其他因素等9个主要影响因素指标对7号煤和9号煤封存CO_(2)稳定性进行评价,建立关闭煤矿煤层CO_(2)封存评价方法并评估CO_(2)封存潜力。结果表明,三河尖关闭煤矿7号煤和9号煤剩余储量较大,CO_(2)封存稳定性综合评价结果分别为86.209和87.698,评价等级均为较稳定,封存潜力较高。根据建立的关闭煤矿煤层CO_(2)封存评价方法,计算获得三河尖关闭煤矿7号和9号煤层CO_(2)理论封存量分别为207.6 Mt和80.9 Mt,并据此划分封存有利区为有利区、较有利区和不利区3个等级。研究可为关闭煤矿煤层CO_(2)封存研究提供基础依据。

海洋CO_(2)地质封存研究进展与发展趋势

CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存是中国实现“双碳”目标的核心技术,也是全球研究的热点。CO_(2)地质封存是其中的关键环节,特别是海洋CO_(2)地质封存是今后的重点发展方向。以国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存的发展历程为基础,结合典型CO_(2)海洋封存示范项目案例,系统梳理了国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存理论研究进展,分析了CO_(2)在井筒流动、相变与传热、CO_(2)流体运移与储层物性参数展布规律、海洋地质封存机制及封存潜力、地质封存盖层完整性及安全性评估等方面的研究现状。认识到中国目前对海底地质结构中CO_(2)注入过程的多相态转化、溶解、捕获传质特征及动力学特性认识尚浅,对海洋封存机制及不同封存机制之间的相互作用机理尚不明确,未来应开展海洋CO_(2)动态地质封存空间重构机制研究,解决地质封存相态转化及流体动态迁移机理等关键科学问题,揭示海洋CO_(2)地质封存机制的相互作用机理,形成适用于中国海洋地质封存CO_(2)高效注入和增效封存方法。

煤中超临界CO_(2)解吸滞后机理及其对地质封存启示

将CO_(2)注入不可采煤层地质封存既是降低温室气体效应最理想选择之一,也是煤炭工业降低CO_(2)排放、实现低碳化可持续发展的必由之路,然而,煤层CO_(2)地质封存悬而未决的关键问题是:“注入煤层中的CO_(2)到底能否长期停留而安全封存?”。鉴于此,在弄清煤体CO_(2)解吸滞后规律的基础上,揭示超临界CO_(2)解吸滞后机理,建立煤层CO_(2)地质封存量化模型,探讨利用解吸滞后实现煤层CO_(2)长期安全封存。研究表明:煤中超临界态CO_(2)解吸滞后程度大于亚临界态CO_(2),在超临界阶段,吸附与解吸等温线形成近似“平行线”的稳定滞后特征;解吸滞后的本质原因是煤中微纳米级亲水性孔隙形成弯液面、产生强大毛细压力、渗吸液态水、截断并固定超临界CO_(2)流体、最终形成了CO_(2)残余封存,例如,煤中直径40~10 nm圆柱形无机孔隙可产生7.30~29.12 MPa毛细压力,足以封堵超临界态CO_(2);以九里山煤样解吸等温线数据为例,采用基于煤层CO_(2)解吸滞后的地质封存量化模型,评估出900~1500 m深部二1煤层封存总量稳定在35~37 m^(3)/t,其中,吸附封存约占80%,残余封存约占15%,而结构封存仅占5%;解吸滞后启示应尽可能采取措施提高煤层残余封存CO_(2)比例,原因是毛细堵塞的残余封存CO_(2)较围岩密封的游离和吸附CO_(2)更安全且没有泄露风险,煤层灰分、水分、孔隙尺寸和形貌等物性参数是影响残余封存效率的主要因素。

CO_(2)驱油封存泄漏风险管理系统及应用研究

CO_(2)驱油封存技术在提高原油采收率的同时能实现大规模CO_(2)封存。然而,驱油封存过程伴随着多种CO_(2)泄漏风险。针对以往CO_(2)泄漏风险管理系统的缺乏,特别是缺少基于在线监测的管理系统,难以支撑动态的风险管理,研究基于CO_(2)驱油封存泄漏风险管理体系的构建,开发了集成多环境实时风险识别和评估、多空间风险预测、多层级风险预警和全过程风险控制的动态CO_(2)泄漏风险管理系统,并应用于鄂尔多斯盆地延长石油CO_(2)驱油封存示范项目。案例应用研究表明,所开发的CO_(2)泄漏风险管理系统可以全空间动态识别CO_(2)驱油封存过程的各种泄漏风险,有效支撑泄漏风险的动态管理,为CO_(2)驱油封存项目提供全面及时的安全保障。

南川常压海相页岩气注CO_(2)吞吐提高采收率工程实践

当前研究实验和模拟论证了注CO_(2)吞吐提高页岩气采收率的理论可行性,然而其实际工程效果尚未得到现场试验的验证。为此,基于四川盆地南川常压海相页岩气藏地质赋存及生产特征,开展了页岩等温吸附和CO_(2)—CH_(4)竞争吸附机理研究,实施了国内首次常压海相页岩气衰减井CO_(2)吞吐现场试验,并提出了构建成套技术体系的攻关方向。研究结果表明:①气井生产到后期进入低压低产阶段,表现出地层能量不足的特征,是提高气井采出程度的重要阶段;②常压页岩的CH_(4)和CO_(2)吸附能力明显高于低压或高压页岩,采用CO_(2)提采更具可行性和必要性;③相同条件下的常压、高压和低压3组页岩样品均表现出对CO_(2)的吸附量大于对CH_(4)的吸附量,且对气体的吸附能力依次为南川(常压海相)页岩>长宁(高压海相)页岩>延长(低压陆相)页岩;④试验井注CO_(2)吞吐增产效果明显,页岩气单井预测最终可采储量(EUR)从0.75×10^(8) m^(3)上升到0.90×10^(8) m^(3),单井控制储量5.186×10^(8) m^(3),预计采收率提高了2.9%。结论认为:①实施的国内首次常压海相页岩气衰减井注CO_(2)吞吐试验取得突破性进展,为我国页岩气井提高采收率技术研发与应用提供了重要借鉴与参考;②亟需开展页岩气衰减井CO_(2)提采资源潜力与时机评估、提采效果定量评价与工艺优化等研究,并形成页岩气衰减井注CO_(2)吞吐提高采收率成套关键技术及标准体系。

Y国J区块CO_(2)吞吐方案优化及试验效果评价

Y国J区块主力油气田G为中孔、中渗、带边底水和薄油环的砂岩凝析气藏,针对油环开发已进入高含水阶段、剩余油比较分散和油藏压力保持低的问题,提出了CO_(2)吞吐提高油环采收率的方法。通过开展数值模拟研究优化CO_(2)吞吐过程中注采参数,进行动态跟踪分析,明确了补充地层能量和控抑底水是吞吐致效的主要机制;总结出非混相驱、超稀饱和原油直井开发、吞吐前地层能量亏空严重和施工过程中注入不连续且焖井时间过长是影响吞吐试验效果的主要因素;以生产保障、增产增效和碳埋存为目标,建立了研究区不同含水率下的合理吞吐参数图版。研究成果可为CO_(2)吞吐技术在复杂断块砂岩气顶边水油气藏的应用提供借鉴。

粉煤灰矿化电厂烟气CO_(2)技术及关键科学问题

燃煤发电是我国能源安全的重要保障,但烟气中会排放大量CO_(2),同时,也会产生大量粉煤灰。利用粉煤灰矿化封存电厂烟气CO_(2),并将矿化产物进行综合利用,可达到大宗固废处置与CO_(2)长效封存的双重目的。目前,粉煤灰矿化电厂烟气CO_(2)技术仍存在矿化效率低、反应时间长、CO_(2)处理量小等不足,其对应的关键科学问题和技术瓶颈亟待解决。简要介绍了粉煤灰矿化烟气CO_(2)的基本原理,分析了不同反应条件对粉煤灰碱土金属离子浸出和CO_(2)矿化反应效率的影响机制,对比了CO_(2)直接矿化反应工艺、碱土金属预浸出工艺、CO_(2)预吸收工艺等3种流程的优缺点,提出了包含粉煤灰碱土金属离子高效浸出、CO_(2)矿化反应过程强化、粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)智能装备、矿化效果综合评价等方面的粉煤灰高效矿化烟气CO_(2)技术体系,总结了粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)产物的物理化学性质,提出了粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)产物高值化综合利用的构想。最后,凝练出了粉煤灰碱土金属离子快速浸出与CO_(2)高效矿化特性、粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)大型反应器中多相混合与反应规律、粉煤灰浆液矿化CO_(2)产物性质的调控机制等3个关键科学问题,指明了基础研究-关键技术与装备研发-工程应用全链条的攻关方向,为粉煤灰高效矿化烟气CO_(2)及产物综合利用提供了参考,对于双碳目标实现和固废综合利用具有重要意义。

枯竭油气藏储集库储热供暖耦合CO_(2)封存性能分析

利用枯竭油气藏储存热能并封存CO_(2),既可解决太阳能跨季节储热难题,又可扩大可再生能源供暖占比,同时还可提高CO_(2)地质封存的经济性。提出了枯竭油气藏储热供暖耦合CO_(2)封存的新方案,以CO_(2)作为循环工质,夏季吸收太阳热量储存于油气藏背斜构造中,而冬季取出供暖,建立了储释能过程的数学模型,重点分析了枯竭油气藏储能系统热工性能和CO_(2)封存性能。结果表明:(1)新方案储能系统热工性能优异。单井平均采热功率4808.95 kW,每个采暖季可有效利用的平均储热量49859.21 GJ,平均能量储存密度28984.23 kJ/m^(3)。(2)CO_(2)密度对温度敏感的特性降低了热损失,提高了系统效率。枯竭油气藏储能系统平均能量回收效率95.84%,平均热回收效率83.66%。(3)储能加速了CO_(2)溶解。储释能过程中周期性的注入和采出工作气导致气液界面反复膨胀收缩,增加了气水接触面积,提高了传质动力,加速了CO_(2)在水中的溶解。对比储能模式和仅CO_(2)封存模式,CO_(2)溶解比例增量由0.26%上升至2.22%。枯竭油气藏储热供暖耦合CO_(2)封存新方案既有优异的热工性能,又加速了CO_(2)的地质封存,是一种高值化的枯竭油气藏利用和可再生能源供暖方案,具有大规模推广应用的潜力。

碱激发矿渣基泡沫混凝土的制备及其封存CO_(2)可行性研究

随着工业化进程的不断推进,工业固体废弃物的排放量逐年增加,以工业固废为主要原料制备泡沫混凝土并将其用于CO_(2)封存,对实现工业固废的资源化利用和CO_(2)的经济、高效封存具有重要意义。本文以高炉矿渣为原料,选用NaOH为碱激发剂,硬脂酸钠为稳泡剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(C12H25NAO4S,SDS)为发泡剂,制备了高孔隙的泡沫混凝土。探究了不同NaOH用量对矿渣基泡沫混凝土综合性能及封存CO_(2)性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着NaOH用量的增加,泡沫混凝土的干密度逐渐增加,抗压强度先增大后减小。泡沫混凝土的内部孔隙分布不均匀,孔隙率大。SEM结果表明,当NaOH用量过高时泡沫发生破裂连通。XRD结果表明,矿渣基泡沫混凝土水化产物主要是C—S—H凝胶和Ht物相,Ht物相的层状结构使得材料的孔壁不够致密,从而影响材料的力学性能。TGA结果表明,碳化过程中水化产物有效吸收CO_(2)转化成以CaCO3为主的碳酸盐,NaOH用量12%时,CO_(2)的封存量最高为89.74 kg/m^(3)。

采空区碳封存条件下CO_(2)-水界面特性及溶解传质规律

采空区CO_(2)封存作为解决煤炭行业碳排放难题的重要负碳技术储备,在采空区废弃资源二次利用、CO_(2)封存等方面具有广泛的应用前景。利用原位界面张力测定仪开展了不同温压、地层水矿化度及阳离子溶液类型对CO_(2)地层水系统的界面张力(IFT)影响规律实验,明晰了CO_(2)注入含水碎胀煤岩体中的气液界面扩散效应,并将基于统计缔合理论结合兰纳−琼斯势能模型的状态方程(SAFT-LJ状态方程)与密度梯度理论(DGT)结合预测了IFT理论值;利用自主研发的地质封存地化反应模拟实验平台对相同条件下的CO_(2)溶解性进行了探究实验,得到了采空区储层环境下CO_(2)溶解度变化特征,采用D-S模型计算了对应CO_(2)溶解度理论值。实验结果表明:环境温度一定时,采空区储层压力与IFT呈线性负相关关系,储层温度升高,IFT相应增加,但变化幅度较小;温压条件一定时,矿化度与IFT存在正相关性,且在本实验范围内,低压、高温、高矿化度会促使IFT升高;CO_(2)−盐溶液之间的IFT呈现出随着阳离子价态升高而增大的现象(K^(+)<Na^(+)<Ca^(2+)<Mg^(2+));采空区储层压力与CO_(2)溶解度呈正相关关系,当温度为25℃、纯水条件下,压力由0.5 MPa增至2.5 MPa,对应CO_(2)溶解度由0.1627 mol/kg升至0.7141 mol/kg;CO_(2)溶解度随着温度与矿化度的升高而降低;相同质量分数下,一价阳离子溶液(NaCl、KCl)比二价阳离子溶液(CaCl_(2)、MgCl_(2))可溶解更多的CO_(2)。注入采空区中的游离相CO_(2)克服界面张力通过扩散溶解传质作用打破了采空区地层的地球化学平衡,通过明确环境温压条件、采空区水环境对IFT及CO_(2)溶解度的影响规律,阐明CO_(2)地层水气液界面效应及溶解传质机理,以期为采空区CO_(2)封存安全性及封存量评估提供理论基础。

夹层型页岩油储层CO_(2)驱替特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地长7页岩为例

针对鄂尔多斯盆地长7夹层型页岩油储层动用困难的问题,利用一维、二维核磁共振技术评价方法,从微观角度对页岩油注CO_(2)驱替特征进行研究。结果表明:随着驱替流量的增加,驱油效率增大,中孔与大孔驱油效率贡献也增大,绝对驱油贡献率均在60%以上;增大驱替流量可以显著提高基质渗透率较小的岩样驱油效率;岩样赋存状态以游离油为主,饱和原油后体积分数为40.51%~62.40%,驱替过程中游离油相对驱替体积分数在50%以上;随着驱替流量的增大,游离油/吸附油相对驱替体积分数减小;干样渗透率越大,渗透率随驱替流量的增长速率也越大。研究成果为页岩油有效开发提供理论依据。

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油藏注CO_(2)吞吐提高采收率机理

页岩油藏的成功开发在缓解我国能源紧缺的问题上发挥了重要作用,但衰竭式开发采收率较低,传统提高采收率的措施难以有效增产,因此明确页岩油藏注CO_(2)提高采收率的机理,对于探索页岩油的开发技术具有重要意义。为此,以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油藏为例,开展了一系列注CO_(2)实验并结合流体注入能力和油气组分传质评价实验,揭示了注CO_(2)吞吐提高采收率的机理,并明确了注CO_(2)吞吐的埋存形式、埋存效率与其生产动态之间的耦合关系。研究结果表明:①CO_(2)的注入能力是水的7.77倍、N2的1.18倍;增加注入压力,促进CO_(2)与原油之间的相互作用,能有效提高CO_(2)的注入能力。②CO_(2)对原油物性的改善能力显著强于N2,在CO_(2)—原油组分传质的协同作用下,注CO_(2)吞吐的采收率比N2高6.84%。③原油膨胀和黏度降低是注CO_(2)吞吐前期提高采收率的主要机制,而后期主要通过CO_(2)对原油轻质烃类组分置换、萃取进一步实现了采收率的提高,混相压力(MMP)是注CO_(2)吞吐的阈值压力。④注CO_(2)吞吐过程中,埋存率从最初的77.77%持续降低到7.14%,不同形式CO_(2)的埋存比例具有动态变化的特征,但主要以游离态和溶解态埋存为主。结论认为,吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油藏注CO_(2)吞吐在提高采收率的同时实现了CO_(2)的埋存,实验结果为研究国内相似页岩油藏注CO_(2)吞吐提采—埋存效率提供理论支撑和经验借鉴。

人工裂缝参数对CO_(2)-ESGR中CO_(2)封存和CH_(4)开采的影响

目的页岩储层中的裂缝系统对CH_(4)产量和CO_(2)封存量有着重要的影响,不同的储层地质特征有其对应的最优压裂方案。对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩储层人工裂缝参数对CO_(2)封存和CH_(4)开采的影响进行分析。方法基于鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩储层地质条件建立了页岩基质-裂缝双孔双渗均质模型,分析CO_(2)增强页岩气开采技术(CO_(2)-ESGR)中人工裂缝半长、裂缝宽度、裂缝高度、裂缝间距和裂缝数量对CO_(2)封存量和CH_(4)产量的影响。结果CO_(2)封存量和CH_(4)产量与裂缝半长、裂缝宽度和裂缝高度呈正相关,其中裂缝宽度的影响最大,从5 mm增加到25 mm时,最多可使CO_(2)封存量和CH_(4)产量分别增加112.69%和87.11%。裂缝间距和裂缝数量增加可提高CO_(2)封存量和CH_(4)产量,但水平井长度相同时裂缝数量增加对CO_(2)封存量和CH_(4)产量的影响幅度远大于裂缝间距,当裂缝数量从2条增加到6条,最多可使CO_(2)封存量和CH_(4)产量分别增加151.92%和137.81%。结论在开发过程中,合理增加人工裂缝的半长、高度、宽度和数量,可以实现高效CO_(2)封存和CH_(4)开采。