基于HCPN的复杂BPMN协作模型数据流建模与验证

为了保证复杂BPMN协作模型的正确性,不仅要涵盖多实例和子进程等复杂元素,还要在检测控制流错误的同时检测数据流错误。但业务流程建模标注(BPMN 2.0)缺乏形式化语义的描述,这对模型正确性的验证造成了阻碍。因此,给出了一种具有弧权重的层次化着色Petri网(HCPN)的定义,它既可以对数据流进行形式化表示,又可以对多实例和子进程结构进行建模。进一步提出了从BPMN协作模型到HCPN模型的形式化映射方法。然后基于HCPN模型的弧权重给出了缺失、丢失和冗余3种数据流错误的定义,并提出了对应的检测算法。最后,设计了一个自动化建模与验证的框架,通过一个案例研究说明了该方法的有效性。

基于FCPN的离散制造系统质量风险分析评估研究

针对离散制造系统随机性、多样性以及复杂性的特点,高效、准确地识别系统质量风险因素并进行质量风险量化评估是制定相应质量控制活动、提高产品质量的关键。为此,首先构建模糊着色Petri网的产品质量风险评估模型。然后,确定模糊推理规则,并通过现场获取的置信度经验值进行模糊推理,计算得出中间库所和终止库所的置信度。最后,以汽车顶盖冲压工艺过程为例进行分析,验证了该模型的合理性,并且可推广应用到其他同类离散制造过程。

Coupling of reduced inorganic fertilizer with plant-based organic fertilizer as a promising fertilizer management strategy for colored rice in tropical regions

Colored rice is a type of high-quality,high-added-value rice that has attracted increasing attention in recent years.The use of large amounts of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields results in low fertilizer use efficiency and high environmental pollution.Organic fertilizer is a promising way to improve soil quality and sustain high yields.However,most studies focus on the effect of animal-based organic fertilizers.The effects of different ratios of plantbased organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the grain yield and quality of colored rice have rarely been reported.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 to study the effects of replacing inorganic N fertilizers with plant-based organic fertilizers on the yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and anthocyanin content of two colored rice varieties in a tropical region in China.The experimental treatments included no nitrogen fertilization(T1),100% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer(T2),30%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer substitution with plant-based organic fertilizer(T3),60%inorganic nitrogen fertilizer substitution with plant-based organic fertilizer(T4),and 100% plantbased organic fertilizer(T5).The total nitrogen provided to all the treatments except T1 was the same at 120 kg ha-1.Our results showed that the T3 treatment enhanced the grain yield and anthocyanin content of colored rice by increasing nitrogen use efficiency compared with T2.On average,grain yields were increased by 9 and 8%,while the anthocyanin content increased by 16 and 10% in the two colored rice varieties under T3 across the two years,respectively,as compared with T2.Further study of the residual effect of partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers showed that the substitution of inorganic fertilizer with plant-based organic fertilizer improved the soil physiochemical properties,and thus increased the rice grain yield,in the subsequent seasons.The highest grain yield of the subsequent rice crop was observed under the T5 treatment.Our results suggested that the application of plantbased organic fertilizers can sustain the production of colored rice with high anthocyanin content in tropical regions,which is beneficial in reconciling the relationship between rice production and environmental protection.

Identification of Shell Color-Associated Genes Using Mantle Branch-Specific RNA Sequencing of Yellow-Colored Line of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

The yellow-colored line of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii displays a yellow prismatic layer and a white nacreous layer that can be used as an ideal model for research on shell color formation.Micro-Raman spectroscopy and transcriptome analyses were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the phenotype differentiation.The micro-Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the prismatic layer exhibits distinct characteristic peaks of carotenoids,while these peaks are not prominent in the nacreous layer.In the transcriptome comparison of the central zone of mantle and mantle edge tissue,which function in nacreous and prismatic layer formation,respectively,935 significantly differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,with 385 genes upregulated and 227 genes downregulated(|log_(2)(Fold change)|>1 and false discovery rate<0.05)in the mantle edge tissue.Among these genes,some were associated with melanoma/melanogenesis,such as tyrosinase,zinc metalloprotease,glutathione S-transferase,and ATP-binding cassette sub-family;some were associated with the carotenoid-related pathway,including scavenger receptors,cytochrome P450 and lipoprotein receptor.Genes associated with porphyrin metabolism,including porphobilinogen deaminase,and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase,and genes associated with shell matrix protein,including amorphous calcium carbonate binding protein,shematrin,PIF,and collagen,also exhibited significantly different expressions.It is speculated that the different colours between prismatic layer and nacreous layer in the yellow-colored line of P.f.martensii might be resulted from melanin,carotenoids and porphyrin metabolism,while genes related to shell structure and biomineralization might also affect coloration.Our results provide new insights to understand the mechanism of shell color formation in mollusca.

Vividly Colored Accessories and Mood Changes in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery

Few studies have examined the impacts of color stimuli on perioperative mood and quality of recovery;thus, this randomized controlled trial aimed to assess impacts of vividly colored accessories on mood and quality of recovery after breast surgery. This single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial included 36 participants (all aged ≥ 20 years) who were randomized into intervention (n = 19) and control groups (n = 17). The intervention group received vividly colored accessories. The primary and secondary study outcomes were patient mood, evaluated using a two-dimensional mood scale, and postoperative recovery, evaluated using Quality of Recovery-15, which were assessed on postoperative day 3. There were no statistical intergroup differences in the scores of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (11.2 [intervention group] vs. 10.4 [control group], P = 0.75) and Quality of Recovery-15 (126.8 [intervention group] vs. 129.3 [control group], P = 0.73). Thus, the use of vividly colored accessories by patients undergoing breast surgery was not found to affect patients’ mood and quality of recovery.

基于GSCPN的硬件木马攻击建模与安全性分析

针对硬件木马(hardware trojan,HT)的研究主要集中在HT设计和防御的具体策略,缺乏面向HT攻击的系统安全性量化评估模型的问题,提出了基于广义随机着色petri网(generalized stochastic coloring petri net,GSCPN)的HT攻击和安全评估模型。基于单个基本单元的HT攻击行为和状态之间的时序关系,构建了单个基本单元的HT攻击GSCPN模型,根据系统工作状态下基本单元的通信依赖关系,给出了构建系统HT攻击GSCPN模型的通用方法。求解了与GSCPN模型同构的马尔可夫链的解析解,以及采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法的仿真解,二者的误差仅为0.00183,验证了所提方法建模的准确性。通过案例分析了不同场景下系统的安全性,实验结果表明,木马攻击强度、木马恢复时间和任务执行时间均对安全性有不同程度的影响。

基于CPN的车载网络无证书匿名认证和密钥协商方案研究

为了解决现有车载网络的认证方案中普遍存在密钥托管带来的缺陷,以及没有考虑计算受限电子控制单元(ECU)轻量级部署和安全快速认证的问题,首先,针对计算不受限的ECU网络,提出了一种无双线性配对的轻量级无证书匿名认证和密钥协商方案,该方案通过椭圆曲线密码体制安全构建认证密钥对,通过哈希函数和异或等轻量级方法实现匿名认证和密钥协商。然后,针对计算受限的ECU网络,提出了一种无证书批量验证方案来降低认证成本。最后,提出了一种基于有色Petri网(CPN)和Dolev-Yao攻击者模型的安全验证方法,对整体方案进行形式化安全性评估。安全评估和性能分析表明,所提方案能有效抵抗重放、伪装、篡改、已知密钥、已知特定会话临时信息攻击等多种不同类型的攻击,在保证多重安全属性的同时有较小的计算与通信成本。

基于CPN的敏捷开发业务流程建模方法

着色petri网(Colored Petri Net,CPN)建模面对大型系统时的复杂性可能会随着系统规模的增大而显著增加,通常需要较多的时间和资源。敏捷开发的方法可以通过迭代和增量的方式,将大型系统分解为多个小模块,从简化模型出发逐步增加复杂性,降低模型的复杂性,提高建模和开发的效率和质量。将CPN建模与敏捷开发相结合,可以提供更强大的建模能力和更高效的开发过程。本文以旅游出行租车系统为例,采用CPN的敏捷开发方法建立模型,并对其进行讨论和改进,为需求管理建模提供了一种具有灵活性、并发性、可视化、协作性和适应性等优势的思路。

基于CPN的供应链合约的形式化验证

智能合约的安全性对于区块链在供应链领域的应用尤为重要。目前,大多数对智能合约的形式化验证工作集中于漏洞检测,对于如何在部署上链前生成安全的智能合约的关注仍然比较少,如何有效规范地将特定领域的属性安全地映射为智能合约代码存在难点。因此,提出在编写合约前基于CPN(Coloured Petri Net)对供应链业务逻辑进行形式化规范并构建双层仿真模型,以图形化界面描述交易状态变化,进行形式化验证和状态分析,从而在建模阶段就减少逻辑漏洞。最后,提供了一种从CPN建模语言到Solidity编写的合约的转换方法,以提高智能合约的安全性和可靠性。

基于ROAD-CPN业务架构的可执行建模方法

开放组架构框架(TOGAF)业务架构作为数据架构、应用架构和技术架构的基准,在企业系统架构设计中占据引导作用。但由于其自身描述形式的局限性,存在无法对系统业务架构框架动态特征进行分析的问题,故提出一种基于ROAD业务架构的着色petri网(CPN)可执行模型生成方法。该方法基于TOGAF业务架构ACF元模型划分提出的4类模型——规则模型(RM)、组织模型(OM)、活动模型(AM)和数据模型(DM),建立4类模型不同描述形式与CPN建模语言间的对应关系,进而提出以RM,OM,AM和DM为主体的可执行模型五阶段建模方法。最后,以幼儿园智能晨检机器人系统业务架构为例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。该方法实现了灵活、自动化的CPN可执行模型的生成,打破了业务架构建模语言和CPN建模语言之间的限制。

基于HTCPN的飞机出动架次率仿真测算方法

针对“热保障”条件下飞机出动架次率难以测算的问题,提出一种基于分层赋时着色Petri网(HTCPN)的飞机出动架次率仿真测算方法。首先,根据飞机基层级维修保障工作,建立飞机连续出动模型与保障流程;其次,运用Petri网理论和CPN tools软件,构建基于HTCPN的机务保障全过程计算机仿真模型;最后,通过算例分析找出制约飞机出动架次率的重要影响因素。结果表明,所提方法不仅能够找出影响飞机出动的重要因素,还能为飞机出动架次率测算提供技术支撑,具有一定工程应用价值。

基于i-BPMN业务架构的CPN可执行建模方法

BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation)已成为企业业务架构的主流框架标准。但由于其本身存在的局限性,对业务架构描述存在不足,且无法对业务架构的动态特性进行分析,因此,对于现有的基于TOGAF中ACF元模型提出一种完整覆盖业务架构的i-BPMN建模方法进行研究,建立i-BPMN中的四种模型场景过程模型、活动模型、规则模型以及数据实体模型与CPN (Colored Petri nets)的建模语言间映射关系,实现了架构模型组到可执行模型的转化,提出一种基于i-BPMN业务架构的CPN可执行模型五阶段建模方法,方法过程中采用CPN Tools工具对业务架构进行动态仿真分析。最后,以智慧课堂中“课堂小测”的i-BPMN业务架构为例,验证该方法的可行性和有效性。由于映射过程是一一映射的,为模型组到可执行模型的自动转换提供了技术支持｡.

与白蛋白结合的PSMA靶向分子[^(177)Lu]Lu-DOTA-CPN-PSMA的制备及初步显像

本研究开发了一种可与白蛋白结合并在前列腺癌中具有高摄取和滞留的新型^(177)Lu标记放射性药物分子[^(177)Lu]Lu-DOTA-CPN-PSMA,以1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四羧酸(DOTA)为双功能螯合剂,谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸(Glu-Urea-Lys)为靶向基团,在小分子抑制剂的连接部位引入白蛋白结合基团4-(对-甲苯基)丁酸(CP)和喹啉环。利用固相合成法合成前体小分子化合物DOTA-CPN-PSMA;采用无载体的^(177)Lu核素进行标记,分别考察反应pH、反应时间、反应温度、投料比等因素对放射化学纯度的影响,确定最佳标记条件;测定标记物的脂水分配系数和体外稳定性;采用22RV1荷瘤小鼠为模型动物进行初步的SPECT/CT显像,并以[^(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T为对照进行了相关结果的对比。结果表明,在加入稳定剂龙胆酸的情况下,^(177)Lu/PSMA(mCi/μg,1 Ci=3.7×10^(10)Bq)投料比为1∶1~2∶1、反应pH值为3.5~5.5、反应温度为60~94℃、反应时间为5~15 min时,标记物放射化学纯度≥95%,最高可达99%,标记物无需进行进一步纯化;标记物在生理盐水和小牛血清中于37℃放置24 h后放射化学纯度≥95%,体外稳定性良好;脂水分配系数为-2.02,与[^(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T相比更为亲脂。初步的SPECT/CT研究表明,引入白蛋白结合基团后的[^(177)Lu]Lu-DOTA-CPN-PSMA在前列腺癌中的摄取高于[^(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T且滞留时间长,72 h后在肿瘤中仍有较高摄取,与此同时,在肾脏中的摄取低于[^(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T。初步研究结果表明,该标记物值得作为治疗前列腺癌的候选放射性药物开展进一步研究。

Flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylase genes regulate fiber color formation in naturally colored cotton

Using naturally colored cotton(NCC)can eliminate dyeing,printing and industrial processing,and reduce sewage discharge and energy consumption.Proanthocyanidins(PAs),the primary coloration components in brown fibers,are polyphenols formed by oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units derived from anthocyanidins.Three essential structural genes for flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylation encoding flavanone-3-hydroxylase(F3H),flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’H)and flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’H)are initially committed in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to produce common precursors.The three genes were all expressed predominantly in developing fibers of NCCs,and their expression patterns varied temporally and spatially among NCC varieties.In GhF3Hi,GhF3’Hi and GhF3’5’Hi silenced lines of NCC varieties XC20 and ZX1,the expression level of the three genes decreased in developing cotton fiber,negatively correlated with anthocyanidin content and fiber color depth.Fiber color depth and type in RNAi lines changed with endogenous gene silencing efficiency and expression pattern,the three hydroxylase genes functioned in fiber color formation.GhF3H showed functional differentiation among NCC varieties and GhF3’H acted in the accumulation of anthocyanin in fiber.Compared with GhF3’H,GhF3’5’H was expressed more highly in brown fiber with a longer duration of expression and caused lighter color of fibers in GhF3’5’H silenced lines.These three genes regulating fiber color depth and type could be used to improve these traits by genetic manipulation.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and remote sensing estimation of colored dissolved organic matter around the Leizhou Peninsula

Colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM)is an important optically active substance in marine environment.Its biochemical conservatism makes it an important indicator to offshore pollution process.Monitoring the content,composition,and diffusion process of CDOM is a good approach to analyze the terrestrial input,optical properties,and ecological environment of offshore areas.The spatiotemporal characteristics of CDOM around the Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed based on field observation data collected in the autumn 2020 and spring 2021,and an empirical inversion model of the ag(355)(absorption coefficient at 355 nm)and spectral slope(Sg)(g stands for gelbstoff/gilvin,which is called CDOM)based on Sentinel-3A ocean and land color instrument(OLCI)images was constructed.The results show(1)the order of average ag(355)value around the Leizhou Peninsula was east coast(0.503/m)>Qiongzhou Strait(0.502/m)>west coast(0.365/m);(2)the best band combinations of CDOM inversion in spring and autumn were(B4+B11)/B3 and(B7-B1)/B6(B stands for the band of spectral images),and the final inversion results are close to the measured results,indicating that the model has good accuracy;(3)the S_(g)value of the CDOM absorption spectrum was fitted to the hyperbolicexponential model.The fitting accuracy of the model was higher than those of the exponential model and the hyperbolic model,and the best S_(g)inversion model was constructed by selecting Sg(275-295)and Sg(250-295)in spring and autumn;(4)the spatial distributions of ag(355)and S_(g)were inverted,and CDOM in the waters around the Leizhou Peninsula originated from terrestrial organic matter carried by coastal aquaculture zones and runoff in the northeast Zhanjiang and the northern Beibu Gulf.

Seasonal Distribution of Observed Colored Dissolved Organic Matter(CDOM)in the Eastern Indian Ocean

Colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM)is a crucial constituent that affects the optical absorption properties of seawater.Owing to the relatively limited measured data on the spatial distribution characteristics of CDOM in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean,this study analyzes the optical absorption characteristics of CDOM in the southeast Indian Ocean using the data collected during four seasons from 2013 to 2017.This work also systematically describes the seasonal horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of CDOM in this area and conducts a preliminary analysis of the relevant factors affecting CDOM absorption characteristics in this region.Results indicate that the CDOM ag(440)during summer was remarkably lower than that in the coastal waters of Europe and coastal waters of China but slightly higher than that in the western and southeast Pacific.The spatial distribution of surface CDOM shows remarkable seasonal differences,and the spatial distribution characteristics of CDOM in the 5°S,92°E region differ between spring/summer and autumn/winter.The values of ag(400)and ag(440)are weak/strong at a surface/subsurface level of 100 m,with differences found between summer and winter.The correlation of CDOM with temperature,salinity,and chlorophyll-a concentration is relatively low,indicating that CDOM is an independent driving mechanism influenced by phytoplankton degradation,photobleaching,and water mixing.

车地协同列控系统追踪运行模块HCPN建模与验证

最近,针对城际铁路,新型的车地协同列控系统被提出。该系统被用于解决传统列控系统轨旁设备过多、结构复杂、信息流通环节多的问题。为保障行车的安全和效率,利用着色Petri网对车地协同列控系统中追踪运行模块功能的正确性和安全性进行验证。首先,基于列车运行控制功能需求,对追踪运行模块做合理设计;然后,为移动授权计算和超速防护子模块建立层次化模型,主要描述不同场景下的移动授权计算、临时限速命令下发、速度实时监控等功能的实现过程;接着,选取多车追踪运行场景对追踪运行模块进行动态仿真;最后,通过状态空间报告对模型正确性进行验证,通过检查模型节点的状态对模块功能的安全性进行验证。仿真及验证表明:模型的执行结果与追踪运行模块预期功能一致,模型行为属性的正确性及模块功能的安全性符合需求。

基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱色彩设计方法

军用座舱色彩设计作为载人军事设备工业设计中较为主观的一部分,设计的合理性至关重要。为提高军用座舱色彩设计的科学性,提出一种基于深度表征学习和遗传算法的军用座舱配色方法。利用深度表征学习模型预测军用座舱配色方案,并根据色彩感知理论建立军用座舱配色模型,将其作为生成方案的限制条件。同时,引入交互式遗传算法到智能配色系统中,通过人工引导的方式优化神经网络的参数,对预测的配色方案进行有效迭代。实验结果表明:该方法生成的配色方案符合军用座舱配色模型,结合遗传算法的模型预测准确率比单一的深度表征模型提高了16%~18%。相较于人工色彩设计方案,军用座舱智能配色方法生成的方案满意度略优、设计周期缩短了80%~88%,色彩稳定性提高了6%~12%。

基于神经网络优化模型的中药复方安慰剂配色模拟研究

目的构建粒子群反向传播(Particle swarm optimization-back propagation,PSO-BP)神经网络对中药复方颗粒剂安慰剂制备着色剂的用量进行预测,为中药复方颗粒剂安慰剂颜色的模拟提供一种新思路。方法运用BP神经网络建立样品颜色参数L、a^(*)、b^(*)与色素质量分数的模型,利用粒子群算法的全局搜索能力优化BP神经网络权重和偏置,防止模型出现局部最小值,再采用线性降低权系数法和引入变异算子提高粒子群算法的全局寻优能力;以颜色综合评价指标(ΔE)为客观评价标准,验证试验结果。结果训练结果表明,改进的PSO-BP神经网络拟合精度最高达到98.31%;预测结果表明,改进的PSO-BP神经网络的预测误差最小,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、均方根误差(RMSE)和平均色差(ΔE)分别为0.4115、2.1646、2.56;制备3种颗粒的验证样品进行验证,验证样品与模型药物的ΔE分别为1.73、2.63、4.11,肉眼直观评价其中两组与模型药物色差较小。结论基于改进粒子群优化算法的BP神经网络可模拟中药复方颗粒剂安慰剂制备着色剂用量预测,可作为安慰剂配色研究的推荐优化模型。

动车组列控车载子系统故障机理建模与分析

针对传统Petri网(P/T系统)无法根据后继标识确定系统失效部位的问题,采用着色Petri网(Colored Petri Net,CPN)建立动车组列控车载子系统的故障传播模型。首先,通过CPN与传统Petri网理论的对比说明采用CPN建模的可行性。其次,根据车载子系统的结构组成及工作模式建立故障树模型,并通过Petri网描述故障树逻辑门事件之间的逻辑关系,给出故障树的Petri网表示方法,建立车载子系统的P/T系统模型;进一步根据CPN理论确定托肯染色方法、权函数等模型参数,将P/T系统转化为着色网系统,并举例说明后继标识的计算规则。最后,通过与传统Petri网推理及故障识别过程的对比,证明了采用CPN分析系统故障机理的正确性及在故障识别过程中的高效性。所提方法可为车载子系统的故障识别提供一定依据。