CRC校验码软件生成技术原理分析

循环冗余校验(Cyclic Redundancy Check,CRC)具有检错能力强,运算简单,易于直接用硬件数字电路实现的特点。在完善CRC校验码生成原理模型的基础上,研究了信息系统传输带CRC校验码数据包的一般过程,提出了三种计算数据包CRC校验码的技术方法,在ADI公司DSP软件集成开发仿真测试环境中,设计了一组嵌入式程序,生成了符合ITU组织CRC16 ITU-T V.41标准的CRC校验码码表,分析并总结了CRC校验码码表元素的工程含义和应用方法,研究了两种计算数据包CRC校验码工程实现方法的技术特点,并验证了它们的正确性、一致性和有效性。

高速通信系统中并行CRC计算及电路实现

针对高位宽数据情况下的循环冗余校验码(Cyclic Redundancy Code, CRC)电路计算工作频率较低以及资源占用过多的问题,设计并实现了一种并行CRC计算方法。该方法将CRC计算拆分为数据CRC计算和余数CRC计算两个部分,余数CRC计算由多个余数CRC计算模块级联完成,数据CRC计算模块由固定逻辑表达式实现,对二者计算结果做模二加法即得到CRC计算结果。根据数据长度选择相应的数据CRC计算模块和余数CRC计算模块的组合,以适应高位宽可变数据长度的CRC计算。以100 Gbps远程直接数据存取(Remote Direct Memory Access, RDMA)通信系统中的1 024 bits数据位宽CRC-32的计算为例,在VCU118开发板上实现了该算法的硬件电路。实验结果表明,所提设计仅使用4 760个查找表和2 658个触发器,整个系统带宽最高可达97.85 Gbps,最高工作频率可达326 MHz。与其他相关方法相比,提出的方法具有较高的工作频率且资源占用较少。

Influence of initial check, information exchange, final accuracy check, reaction information nursing on the psychology of elderly with lung cancer

BACKGROUND As one of the fatal diseases with high incidence,lung cancer has seriously endangered public health and safety.Elderly patients usually have poor self-care and are more likely to show a series of psychological problems.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of the initial check,information exchange,final accuracy check,reaction(IIFAR)information care model on the mental health status of elderly patients with lung cancer.METHODS This study is a single-centre study.We randomly recruited 60 elderly patients with lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022.These elderly patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups,with the control group taking the conventional propaganda and education and the observation group taking the IIFAR information care model based on the conventional care protocol.The differences in psychological distress,anxiety and depression,life quality,fatigue,and the locus of control in psychology were compared between these two groups,and the causes of psychological distress were analyzed.RESULTS After the intervention,Distress Thermometer,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)for anxiety and the HADS for depression,Revised Piper’s Fatigue Scale,and Chance Health Locus of Control scores were lower in the observation group compared to the pre-intervention period in the same group and were significantly lower in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(QLQ-C30),Internal Health Locus of Control,and Powerful Others Health Locus of Control scores were significantly higher in the observation and the control groups compared to the pre-intervention period in their same group,and QLQ-C30 scores were significantly higher in the observation group compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IIFAR information care model can help elderly patients with lung cancer by reducing their anxiety and depression,psychological distress,and fatigue,improving their tendencies on the locus of control in psychology,and enhancing their life qualities.

Computation Tree Logic Model Checking of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Fuzzy Epistemic Interpreted Systems

Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.

极化码的分布式CRC辅助低复杂度逐次抵消翻转译码

为提高极化码的译码效率,文中提出了一种新颖的逐次抵消翻转(SCF)译码。与传统的SCF译码相比,其可以使用分布式CRC比特来降低计算复杂度。该译码通过提前终止对第一次SC译码的失败帧的译码,来减少信息比特的估计数量,同时尝试最小化附加的排序操作。仿真结果表明,与传统的SCF译码相比,该SCF译码将重复SC译码的计算复杂度至少降低了27%。

关于《血浆Septin9基因甲基化检测对中国人群CRC诊断价值:一项Meta分析》一文更正

2023年12月第39卷第12期1007-8096(2023)12-1127-04《血浆Septin9基因甲基化检测对中国人群CRC诊断价值:一项Meta分析》一文为基金项目支撑文章,因作者将项目信息填写在《诊断病理学》网站,未标注于文档中,产生出版文章未有项目信,现给予更正。本文为基金项目支撑文章,基金项目为:解放军总医院青年自主创新科学基金项目-扶持项目;项目编号:22QNFC098。

一款适用于多种校验标准的CRC电路设计

基于线性反馈移位寄存器(LFSR)设计了两种不同结构的循环冗余校验(CRC)码生成电路。所设计电路的多项式和阶数均可通过配置寄存器进行调整,使其能够适用于各种国际标准CRC生成多项式的通信系统。详细阐述了电路的改进及设计思想,使用Verilog语言对电路进行RTL级描述,并通过Synopsys公司的VCS工具对代码的语法及可综合性进行检查,随后进行了电路功能仿真。仿真结果验证了本设计的正确性和有效性,为片上系统(SOC)芯片集成适用于各种CRC校验标准的电路提供了理论指导和实践经验。

美的CRC:坐十年望百年,进一步夯实科技领先的技术底座

2024年4月12日,美的中央研究院(美的CRC)建院十周年。对于这十年的历史,美的集团副总裁兼CTO卫昶评价说:“十岁的美的CRC还很年轻。从全球来看,很多企业的研究院都有百年的历史。”从十年展望百年,在卫昶看来,核心只有四个字:“坚持,投入。”

原发灶根治切除CRC肺转移患者预后因素分析

目的 分析影响原发灶根治切除CRC肺转移患者预后因素。方法 选取了2013年1月~2017年12月期间在福建医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治CRC肺转移患者99例。回顾性分析临床特征、病理情况和生存随访资料。结果单因素分析结果显示、多因素分析提示:同/异时性转移、Kras基因突变、肺外转移、术后靶向治疗、肺转移灶处理P均<0.05。结论 同时性肺转移、Kras基因突变、肺外转移、术后靶向治疗≤4周期均为CRC肺转移患者的负性预后因素。

短波通信中的低码率CRC-Polar编译码设计与仿真

针对短波通信中业务传输可靠性高的要求,设计了一种低码率循环冗余校验码(Cyclic Redundancy Check,CRC)级联极化(CRC-Polar)编译码算法。首先给出了基于CRC-Polar编译码的短波通信系统模型及参数,讨论了分段CRC校验、低码率构造与编码算法;其次对打孔、缩短及重复等码率适配方案进行对比分析,并针对性地设计了分段CA-SCL译码算法;最后从不同分段、不同码率适配等角度进行了性能仿真。结果表明,重复码率适配的分段CRC8-Polar码性能最好,优于似然比打孔方案约1dB。此外,在加性高斯白噪声(Additive White Gaussian Noise,AWGN)信道条件下,当数据传输速率为300bit/s、误比特率为10^(-4)时,所需信噪比为-6.4dB,优于美军标188-110C约3.4dB,实现了低信噪比下的可靠传输。

层厚对使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测CT模拟机的影响

目的探讨层厚大小对使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测放疗CT模拟机数据结果的影响。方法对1台西门子Sensation Open CT模拟机,使用6种放疗扫描协议扫描1套CT/SIM Check模体,扫描完成后重建1.5、2、3、4和5 mm共5种层厚的CT图像序列。使用iQA软件对这些CT图像序列进行自动分析并生成报表,对报表上的质控数据结果进行分析和比较。结果通过对报表数据进行分析,得到了6种扫描协议和5种层厚情形下22种参数的质控数据,对5种不同层厚的数据计算得到了相应的四分位数间距值。由数据结果可见,HU均一性和插件4内标准差的数据随层厚的增加而减小;扫描中心纵向坐标的数值随层厚的增加有下降的趋势;线宽比-灵敏度截面的数据随层厚的增加而变大。结论使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测CT模拟机,层厚对HU均一性、插件4内标准差、扫描中心纵向坐标和线宽比-灵敏度截面的质控数据结果有较大影响,对其他参数的数据也有不同程度的影响。本研究为物理师使用CT/SIM Check模体联合iQA软件检测放疗CT模拟机的质控工作,提供了有益的数据参考。

甘草水提物促进Erastin诱导CRC细胞株发生铁死亡

目的:研究甘草水提物能否促进Erastin诱导结直肠癌(CRC)细胞株发生铁死亡。方法:2种CRC细胞(Caco-2、SW837)分别分为5组:空白对照组、甘草水提物低浓度(50μg/mL)组、甘草水提物高浓度(100μg/mL)组、甘草水提物高浓度(100μg/mL)+铁死亡诱导剂Erastin(30μmol/L)组、甘草水提物高浓度(100μg/mL)+铁死亡诱导剂Erastin(30μmol/L)+Fer-1(30 nmol/L)组。MTT检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、死亡情况及细胞ROS生成量、线粒体膜电位变化,CCK-8实验验证细胞死亡方式,并检测Fe^(2+)、MDA、GSH水平和SLC7A11、DPP4、NOX1、GPX4蛋白表达。结果:与空白对照组比较,程序性坏死性凋亡抑制剂Necrostatin-1、凋亡抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK、自噬抑制剂3-MA均不能阻断甘草水提物联合Erastin处理导致的细胞死亡,而铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1能抑制甘草水提物联合Erastin处理导致的细胞死亡,说明细胞死亡为铁死亡。甘草水提物100μg/mL组和甘草水提物100μg/mL+Erastin组Caco-2、SW837细胞中ROS生成量、MDA含量、Fe^(2+)含量及DPP4蛋白表达显著升高,线粒体膜电位、GSH水平及SLC7A11、NOX1、GPX4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与甘草水提物100μg/mL+Erastin组比较,Fer-1的加入使得Caco-2、SW837细胞中ROS生成量、MDA含量、Fe^(2+)含量及DPP4蛋白表达显著降低,线粒体膜电位、GSH水平及SLC7A11、NOX1、GPX4蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:甘草水提物能诱导CRC细胞株发生铁死亡。

Dynamic Modeling Framework of Sediment Trapped by Check-Dam Networks:A Case Study of a Typical Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Check-dam construction is an effective and widely used method for sediment trapping in the Yellow River Basin and other places over the world that are prone to severe soil erosion.Quantitative estimations of the dynamic sediment trapped by check dams are necessary for evaluating the effects of check dams and planning the construction of new ones.In this study,we propose a new framework,named soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)–dynamic check dam(DCDam),for modeling the sediment trapped by check dams dynamically,by integrating the widely utilized SWAT model and a newly developed module called DCDam.We then applied this framework to a typical loess watershed,the Yan River Basin,to assess the time-varying effects of check-dam networks over the past 60 years(1957–2016).The DCDam module generated a specific check-dam network to conceptualize the complex connections at each time step(monthly).In addition,the streamflow and sediment load simulated by using the SWAT model were employed to force the sediment routing in the check-dam network.The evaluation results revealed that the SWAT-DCDam framework performed satisfactorily,with an overestimation of 11.50%,in simulating sediment trapped by check dams,when compared with a field survey of the accumulated sediment deposition.For the Yan River Basin,our results indicated that the designed structural parameters of check dams have evolved over the past 60 years,with higher dams(37.14%and 9.22%increase for large dams and medium dams,respectively)but smaller controlled areas(46.03%and 10.56%decrease for large dams and medium dams,respectively)in recent years.Sediment retained by check dams contributed to approximately 15.00%of the total sediment load reduction in the Yan River during 1970–2016.Thus,our developed framework can be a promising tool for evaluating check-dam effects,and this study can provide valuable information and support to decision-making for soil and water conservation and check-dam planning and management.

STM32的软硬件CRC性能比较研究

循环冗余校验CRC作为一种高效可靠的差错控制方法,在通信系统中有着广泛的应用。本文以CRC-32为实例,基于STM32H743I系列的一款微控制器设计实验对比了软件实现方法和硬件实现方法的性能差异。对实验结果的分析与总结可以为MCU或SoC的架构师、嵌入式系统软件设计师在评估CRC算法的实现方案时提供参考。

Identifying Counterexamples Without Variability in Software Product Line Model Checking

Product detection based on state abstraction technologies in the software product line(SPL)is more complex when compared to a single system.This variability constitutes a new complexity,and the counterexample may be valid for some products but spurious for others.In this paper,we found that spurious products are primarily due to the failure states,which correspond to the spurious counterexamples.The violated products correspond to the real counterexamples.Hence,identifying counterexamples is a critical problem in detecting violated products.In our approach,we obtain the violated products through the genuine counterexamples,which have no failure state,to avoid the tedious computation of identifying spurious products dealt with by the existing algorithm.This can be executed in parallel to improve the efficiency further.Experimental results showthat our approach performswell,varying with the growth of the system scale.By analyzing counterexamples in the abstract model,we observed that spurious products occur in the failure state.The approach helps in identifying whether a counterexample is spurious or genuine.The approach also helps to check whether a failure state exists in the counterexample.The performance evaluation shows that the proposed approach helps significantly in improving the efficiency of abstraction-based SPL model checking.

Flood risk assessment of check dams in the Wangmaogou watershed on the Loess Plateau of China

Check dams have been widely used in China’s Loess Plateau region due to their effectiveness in erosion and flood control.However,the safety and stability of the check dam decrease with the operation process,which increases the probability of dam failure during flood events and threatens local residents’ life and property.Thus,this study simulated flood process of the check dam failure in the Wangmaogou watershed in Yulin City,Shaanxi Province,China,calculated different types of inundation losses based on the flood inundation area within the watershed,and determined the number of key flood protection check dams by classifying the flood risk levels of the check dams.The results showed that 5 dams in the watershed were subject to overtopping during different rainfall return periods,which was related to their flood discharge capacity.Dam failure flood process showed a rapid growth trend followed by slow decrease,and the time of flood peak advanced with increase in the return period.After harmonization of evaluation scales,the magnitude of flood inundation losses can be ranked as:economic losses(212.409 million yuan) > life losses(10.368 million yuan) > ecological losses(6.433 million yuan).The risk value for both individual dams and the whole dam system decreases as the return period increases.The number of key flood protection check dams in the Wangmaogou watershed was 2,3,3,3,4,and 5 for floods with return periods of 10,20,30,50,100,and 200 years,respectively.The results provided a theoretical basis for the safe operation and risk evaluation of check dams in the Loess Plateau Hills watershed.

Check dam extraction from remote sensing images using deep learning and geospatial analysis:A case study in the Yanhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau,China

Check dams are widely used on the Loess Plateau in China to control soil and water losses,develop agricultural land,and improve watershed ecology.Detailed information on the number and spatial distribution of check dams is critical for quantitatively evaluating hydrological and ecological effects and planning the construction of new dams.Thus,this study developed a check dam detection framework for broad areas from high-resolution remote sensing images using an ensemble approach of deep learning and geospatial analysis.First,we made a sample dataset of check dams using GaoFen-2(GF-2)and Google Earth images.Next,we evaluated five popular deep-learning-based object detectors,including Faster R-CNN,You Only Look Once(version 3)(YOLOv3),Cascade R-CNN,YOLOX,and VarifocalNet(VFNet),to identify the best one for check dam detection.Finally,we analyzed the location characteristics of the check dams and used geographical constraints to optimize the detection results.Precision,recall,average precision at intersection over union(IoU)threshold of 0.50(AP_(50)),IoU threshold of 0.75(AP_(75)),and average value for 10 IoU thresholds ranging from 0.50-0.95 with a 0.05 step(AP_(50-95)),and inference time were used to evaluate model performance.All the five deep learning networks could identify check dams quickly and accurately,with AP_(50-95),AP_(50),and AP_(75)values higher than 60.0%,90.0%,and 70.0%,respectively,except for YOLOv3.The VFNet had the best performance,followed by YOLOX.The proposed framework was tested in the Yanhe River Basin and yielded promising results,with a recall rate of 87.0%for 521 check dams.Furthermore,the geographic analysis deleted about 50%of the false detection boxes,increasing the identification accuracy of check dams from 78.6%to 87.6%.Simultaneously,this framework recognized 568 recently constructed check dams and small check dams not recorded in the known check dam survey datasets.The extraction results will support efficient watershed management and guide future studies on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.

Sediment sources and their impacts on a check dam-controlled watershed, Loess Plateau, China

Soil erosion is a major issue in Loess Plateau,China,and quantitative analyses of sediment sources are crucial for soil erosion control.In this study,a combination of flood couplet analysis and composite fingerprint identification was used for historical reconstructions of soil erosion in sediment source areas in Loess Plateau.Each flood couplet was constructed based on sediment 137Cs activity,and past soil erosion was calculated using soil bulk density and storage capacity curves.The contribution rates of the sediment sources were calculated using the fingerprinting method,and the amount of erosion in the sediment source areas was estimated.The best fingerprint combination(Cr,Ni,V,and TOC)enabled a 97.2%recognition of sediment sources from 29 flood events(1956–1990)in the Loess Plateau.The contribution rates of gullies,farmland,grassland,and shrubland were 44.89%,26.38%,10.49%,and 18.24%,respectively.These four land use types contributed 1,227,751,512,and 279 tons of sediments,respectively.Re-vegetation decreased soil erosion(1966–1983),whereas deforestation increased soil erosion(1956–1965 and 1984–1990).Rational soil and water conservation measures on slopes and check dam construction in gullies are therefore suggested to mitigate erosion.

Fast clogging problem of open check dams and a new type suggestion:curved footed type open check dam

Driftwood is one of the important physical components in mountainous rivers which causes severe hazards due to the clogging of bridges,culverts,and narrow sections during floods.Therefore,the understanding of driftwood dynamics and mitigation measures are crucial for managing wood in rivers.Open check dams are the most commonly used engineering measure for preventing driftwood from reaching downstream areas.Nevertheless,these open check dams frequently lose their sediment transport function when they are blocked by sediment and driftwood,especially during major flood events.This paper proposes a new type of open check dam for preventing from clogging.Thus,flume experiments were conducted to examine the influence of different types of open check dams on the characteristics of driftwood deposition.For the model with wood length(LWD)=16.5 cm,wood diameter(D)=15 mm,and wood number(N)=172,the highest trapping efficiency was observed with 90.1%and 87.2%retention rates for the classical debris flow breaker and curved footed open check dams,respectively.Laboratory tests showed that through this proposed design,woody debris blockage in a very short time was prevented from the accumulation of woods beside the dam.In addition to this,most of the sediment passed through the check dam and most of the driftwood got trapped.It can be briefly stated that the geometrical design of the structure plays an important role and can be chosen carefully to optimize trapping efficiency.By designing this type of open check dams in mountain river basins,it may provide a better understanding of the driftwood accumulation and basis for the optimal design of these structures.Further development of the solution proposed in this work can pave the way for designing different types of open check dams for effective flood management.

基于奇偶校验和CRC校验的极化码栈译码方法

【目的】解决极化码串行抵消栈(successive cancellation stack,SCS)译码算法复杂度较高的问题。【方法】在SCS译码算法的基础上,首先提出一种基于奇偶校验(parity check,PC)和循环冗余校验(cyclic redundancy check,CRC)的串行抵消栈(parity check and CRC aided SCS,PC-CA-SCS)译码算法;根据极化码的构造理论,通过对子信道的突发错误分块来选择奇偶校验的位置,在译码过程中利用奇偶校验及时检测出错的译码路径来降低SCS译码算法的复杂度。然后根据极化码子信道的错误概率,提出一种基于关键集合和似然值的路径分裂策略,以降低SCS译码算法在译码过程中的路径分裂次数。最后对提出的路径分裂策略进行仿真试验。【结果】PC-CA-SCS译码算法与CRC辅助串行抵消列表(CRC-aided successive cancellation list,CA-SCL)译码算法相比,约有0.1 dB的增益,与CRC辅助串行抵消栈(CRC-aided successive cancellation stack,CA-SCS)译码算法相比,约有0.4 dB的增益;PC-CA-SCS算法使用路径分裂策略后可以降低约67.09%的空间复杂度。【结论】相比SCS译码算法,PC-CA-SCS译码算法在不损失译码性能的前提下降低了计算复杂度和空间复杂度,因此具有更高的译码效率。本研究结果可为极化码在5G协议中的译码方法提供参考。